郭敏 徐虹 姜祎
【摘 要】 目的:研究陜產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分的揮發(fā)油組成;方法:利用水蒸氣蒸餾法提取陜產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分的揮發(fā)油,采用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀 (GC-MS) 分析揮發(fā)油中的化學(xué)成分;結(jié)果:三個(gè)產(chǎn)地的珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油中共鑒別化學(xué)成分20個(gè)。鳳縣產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油含量約為0.20%,鑒定11種成分,主要成分為植酮(30.92%)、1,1,7- trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-7-ol(19.59%)、α-芹子烯(15.82%)、5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6,7,9a-octahydrospiro[2,5-methanobenzo[b]oxepine-10,2-oxiran]-3-ol(6.33%)、2-[(Z)-十八碳-9-烯氧基]乙醇(6.12%);眉縣產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油含量約為0.22%,鑒定9種成分,主要成分為植酮(26.03%)、葉綠醇(19.50%)、α-芹子烯(13.57%)、1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-7-ol(11.51%)、natural verticillol(9.88%);太白縣產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油含量約為0.20%,鑒定10種成分,主要成分為植酮(37.68%)、α-himachalene(26.56%)、T-杜松醇(8.29%)、1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene(6.22%), 1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-7-ol(4.90%)。其中:5-(8,11-dihydroxy-10a,12a-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-h]chromen-1-yran-2-one(2.24%)、5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6,7,9a-octahydrospiro[2,5-methanobenzo[b]oxepine-10,2-oxiran]-3-ol(6.33%)、β-愈創(chuàng)木烯(4.69%)、7,7,8,8-tetramethyloctahydro-2,3b-methanocyclopena[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzene-4-ol(5.51%)、蝦青素(2.35%)、2-[(Z)-十八碳-9-烯氧基]乙醇(6.12%)為鳳縣產(chǎn)珠子參的地上部分揮發(fā)油中的特有成分,natural verticillol(9.88%)、(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E)-8a-acetoxy-3a,6b-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,5,7-tetramethyl-4-oxo-1,1a,1b,3a,4,6a,6b,7,8,8a-decahydrocyclopenta[a]cyclopropa[f]naphthalen-8-yl tetradeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenoate(3.09%)、葉綠醇(19.50%)為眉縣產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油中的特有成分,石竹素(3.58%)、視黃醛(3.54%)、α-himachalene(26.56%)、T-杜松醇(8.29%)、3α-Aethyl-5α-androstanol-(3β)-on-(17) (1.32%)為太白縣產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油中的特有成分。結(jié)論:陜產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油含量均較低,三個(gè)產(chǎn)地的揮發(fā)油種類存在差異,且各地?fù)]發(fā)油中均含有其特有成分,本研究為珠子參地上部分進(jìn)一步開發(fā)研究提供參考。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 珠子參地上部分;揮發(fā)油;GC-MS;水蒸氣蒸餾
【中圖分類號(hào)】R284.1 ? 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】 A ? ?【文章編號(hào)】1007-8517(2020)13-0020-06
Abstract:Objective Study on the components of essential oil extracted from the aboveground part of Panax japonicus from Shaanxi Province. Methods the essential oil was extracted by steam distillation,and the chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results 20 components were identified from the aboveground parts of Panax japonicus from 3 producing areas. The content of volatile oil in aboveground parts of Panax japonicus from Feng County is about 0.20%. Eleven components have been identified, the main of which are Phytone(30.92%), 1,1,7- trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-7-ol(15.59%), α-Selinene(15.82%), 5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6,7,9a-octahydrospiro[2,5-methanobenzo[b]oxepine-10,2-oxiran]-3-ol(6.33%), (Z)-2-(9-octadecenyloxy)ethanol(6.12%); The content of essential oil in the aboveground part of Panax japonicus in Mei County was about 0.22%, Nine components were identified.The main components were Phytone(26.03%), 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol(19.50%), α-Selinene(13.57%), 1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azule-7-ol(11.51%), natural verticillol(9.88%);The content of essential oil in the aboveground part of Panax japonicu in Taibai County was about 0.20%. Ten components were identified. The main components were Phytone(37.68%), α-himachalene(26.56%), (1R,4S,4aR,8aR)-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ol(8.29%), 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene(6.22%), 1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-7-ol(4.90%). 5-(8,11-dihydroxy-10a,12a-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-h]chromen-1-yran-2-one(2.24%), 5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6,7,9a-octahydrospiro[2,5-methanobenzo[b]oxepine-10,2-oxiran]-3-ol(6.33%), β- guaiacene (4.69%), 7,7,8,8-tetramethyloctahydro-2,3b-methanocyclopena[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]benzene-4-ol(5.51%), astaxanthin (2.35%), 2-[(Z)-octadecyl-9-enoxy] ethanol (6.12%) are the unique components in the volatile oil of the aboveground part of Panax japonicaproduced in Feng county, natural verticillol(9.88%), (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E)-8a-acetoxy-3a,6b-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,5,7-tetramethyl-4-oxo-1,1a,1b,3a,4,6a,6b,7,8,8a-decahydrocyclopenta[a]cyclopropa[f]naphthalen-8-yl tetradeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenoate(3.09%), chlorophyllin (19.50%) are the typical components in the volatile oil of Panax japonicaproduced in Mei County, caryophyllin (3.58%), retinaldehyde (3.54%), α-himachalene(26.56%), T-juniol (8.29%), 3α-Aethyl-5α-androstanol-(3β)-on-(17) (1.32%)are the characteristic components in the volatile oil of Panax japonicaproduced in Taibai County.Conclusion the content of essential oil in the aboveground part of Panax japonicu produced in Shaanxi is low, the types of volatile oil in the three producing areas are different, and the essentia oil contains its unique components in different places. This study provides a reference for the further development and research of the above ground part of Panax japonica.
中藥揮發(fā)油的化學(xué)成分復(fù)雜,由脂肪族、芳香族和萜類化合物等組成。小分子芳香族化合物通常具有特殊香味和顯著生物活性,鳳縣產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油中特有的蝦青素具有抗氧化作用[11]、改善動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、抗炎癥和抗腫瘤作用[12];太白縣產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油中特有的成分石竹素可治療皮膚霉菌病,適用于短期治療甲霉菌病[13],同時(shí)還具有舒肝、鎮(zhèn)痛、降壓、調(diào)經(jīng)、清熱解毒的功效[14];眉縣產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油中特有的成分葉綠醇在調(diào)控機(jī)體糖脂代謝和脂肪細(xì)胞分化聚酯方面具有重要作用[15]。目前中藥揮發(fā)油相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的研究覆蓋面較廣,且中藥揮發(fā)油的功效已經(jīng)受到普遍關(guān)注,但中藥揮發(fā)油類產(chǎn)品總量仍相對(duì)薄弱。由于地質(zhì)、氣候及生物各因子影響著珠子參的分布、產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量,因此陜產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油化學(xué)成分差異性很大,這是藥材具有地域性的本質(zhì),因此,在陜產(chǎn)珠子參地上部分的實(shí)際應(yīng)用中要注意藥材生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境(如海拔高度、溫度、濕度、日照等)對(duì)其成分的影響,通過控制這些影響條件,有針對(duì)性的開發(fā)利用珠子參地上部分揮發(fā)油的生物活性。此項(xiàng)研究首次對(duì)珠子參地上部位揮發(fā)油成分進(jìn)行分析,以期為珠子參地上部分進(jìn)一步開發(fā)研究提供參考。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 國(guó)家藥典委員會(huì).中華人民共和國(guó)藥典(一部)[M].北京:中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)出版社,2015:271-272.
[2]宋蓓, 徐悅, 李玉澤, 等. “太白七藥”珠子參化學(xué)成分及抗腫瘤活性研究[J].中南藥學(xué),2019,17(8):1210-1214.
[3]宋小妹, 劉海靜, 王薇, 等.太白七藥研究與應(yīng)用[M]. 北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社, 2010.
[4]張海元, 李小輝, 梅雙喜, 等.珠子參化學(xué)成分研究進(jìn)展[J].中草藥,2017,48(14):2997-3004.
[5]姜祎, 考玉萍, 宋小妹.珠子參葉總皂苷抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛作用的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].陜西中醫(yī),2008, 29(6):732-733.
[6]考玉萍, 姜祎, 宋小妹.珠子參葉總皂苷抗疲勞抗應(yīng)激作用的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].陜西中醫(yī),2008,29(8):1092-1093.
[7]趙東東, 宋小妹, 湯海峰, 等.珠子參葉的皂苷成分研究[J].中南藥學(xué), 2013,11(2):85-88.
[8]何瑞, 劉琦, 劉銀環(huán), 等.珠子參葉化學(xué)成分研究[J].中國(guó)中藥雜志, 2014,39(9):1635-1638.
[9]張化為, 姜祎, 黃文麗, 等.珠子參葉中一個(gè)新的三萜皂苷[J/OL].中草藥:1-6[2020-01-05].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/12.1108.R.20191207.1716.016.html.
[10]徐虹, 姜祎, 許海燕, 等.漢中參葉總皂苷提取工藝研究[J].現(xiàn)代中醫(yī)藥,2007,27(3):78-78.
[11]付久園, 景陽(yáng), 肖艷平, 等.蝦青素對(duì)過氧化氫誘導(dǎo)胎盤滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞HTR-8/SVneo的影響[J].中國(guó)臨床藥理學(xué)雜志,2020,36(1):72-75.
[12]Kishimoto Yoshimi, Yoshida Hiroshi, Kondo Kazuo. Potential Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Astaxanthin[J]. Marine drugs,2016,4(19):17972-17980
[13]楊曉東, 肖珊美, 徐友生, 等.烏飯樹葉揮發(fā)油的GC-MS分析[J].生物質(zhì)化學(xué)工程,2008(2):23-26.
[14]譚志偉, 余愛農(nóng).茗荷嫩莖中揮發(fā)性化學(xué)成分分析[J].精細(xì)化工,2008(3):234-237.
[15]林廈菁, 朱曉彤, 江青艷, 等.葉綠醇對(duì)脂肪細(xì)胞分化及糖脂代謝的調(diào)節(jié)作用[J].動(dòng)物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào),2012,24(10):1866-1870.
(收稿日期:2020-03-13 編輯:程鵬飛)