朱秀蘭
When引導(dǎo)從句時(shí),其意義和用法很多。為了幫助大家弄清when引導(dǎo)的各種從句,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下:
一、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
1.表示“當(dāng)......的時(shí)候”,相當(dāng)于at the moment。如:
When we got to the cinema , the film had been on for half an hour.
當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí),電影已經(jīng)放映半個(gè)小時(shí)了。
2.表示“一......就......”,相當(dāng)于as soon as。如:
The students got up when the bell rang.
鈴聲一響,學(xué)生們就起床了。
3.表示“就在這時(shí);當(dāng)時(shí)”相當(dāng)于just at the moment或just then。如:
We were about to start out when it began to rain heavily.
我們正要啟程,就在這時(shí),天下起了大雨。
4.表示“每當(dāng);每次“,相當(dāng)于every time或whenever。如:
She always turns to us for help when she is in trouble.
每當(dāng)遇到困難時(shí),她總是向我們求助。
5.表示“當(dāng)......之后;在......以后”,相當(dāng)于after the time that。如:
When she got home, she started to prepare supper.
她回到家后,開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備晚飯。
二、引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
When引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于 if/in case引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
When there is no gravity , our feet can no longer stay on the ground.
如果沒(méi)有重力,我們的腳就不能在地面上站穩(wěn)。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果機(jī)器發(fā)生故障,就把電閘關(guān)上。
三、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
When引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),相當(dāng)于since/now that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?
既然他們把所有的空閑時(shí)間都用來(lái)看電視了,怎能學(xué)到什么東西呢?
Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one?
既然你已經(jīng)有了這么好的一份工作,為什么還要再找新的工作呢?
四、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
When引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于 though 或although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
He usually walks when he might ride.
雖然有車可騎,但他通常是步行。
The little girl can tell right from wrong when she is only twelve.
這個(gè)小女孩雖然只有12歲,卻能分清是非。
五、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
When引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),有時(shí)可用in which或on which來(lái)替代。如:
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.
我們要把野餐推遲到下周,那時(shí)天氣可能好些。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the party.
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入黨的那一天。
六、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句
1.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。如:
Please tell us when his father will return from abroad.
請(qǐng)告訴我們他父親什么時(shí)候從國(guó)外回來(lái)。
2.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。如:
When they will leave for Australia hasn’t been decided.
他們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去澳大利亞還沒(méi)有決定。
3.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。如:
The question is when they will get so much money to set up the factory.
問(wèn)題是他們將在什么時(shí)候弄到這么多錢來(lái)把這個(gè)工廠辦起來(lái)。
4.引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。如:
I have no idea when he came back last night.
我不知道他昨晚是什么時(shí)候回來(lái)的。
小練習(xí):翻譯句子。
1.當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),客人們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
2.下周經(jīng)理來(lái)這參觀時(shí),我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/p>
3.老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候,你在寫(xiě)信嗎?
Keys:
1. When I got to the airport,the guests had left.
2. When the manager comes here for a visit next week,I’ll talk with him about this.
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in?
初中生學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)·提升版2020年5期