賈杏園 李曉夢

四、主語為不定代詞的主謂一致問題

主語為不定代詞時，一般遵循語法一致原則，即表示單數(shù)概念的不定代詞（如one， nothing， nobody，anyone等）后，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的不定代詞（如many， several， both等）后，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

（1）Nobody knows who is in control of the club.

（2）Nothing is left on the table.

（3）Many questions are under discussion.

（4）Both of the twins are my good friends.

但是，有些不定代詞，如all， most， some， any等作主語時，要遵循意義一致原則。如所指為單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;如所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

（1）Some of the books are in the bag.

（2）Some of the tea is new.

另外，還需要特別注意的是，當(dāng)不定代詞either， neither， none等作主語時，一般根據(jù)語法一致原則，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，但在非正式文體中，也可根據(jù)意義一致或就近原則，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

（1）Neither of them has（have）participated in the Olympic Games.

（2）None of the cures really works（work）.

五、定語從句、what從句的主謂一致問題

關(guān)于定語從句、what從句的主謂一致問題，以下幾點需特別注意：

1.關(guān)系代詞that， who， which在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)與該關(guān)系代詞的先行詞的數(shù)要保持一致。

（1）This article deals with the natural phenomenon which is most interesting to all.

（2）This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.

2.在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)一般采用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但當(dāng)one之前有the only等限定詞和修飾詞語時，則采用單數(shù)形式。

（1）David is one of those boys who go out of their way to be helpful.

（2） David is the only one of those boys who goes out of his way to be helpful.

3.當(dāng)what從句作主語時，其后的謂語動詞通常按語法一致原則采用單數(shù)形式。

What rests in your hands is the final success or failure of our course.

然而，在下列情況下，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：

（1）在what從句作主語時的SVC（即“主語+謂語動詞+表語”）結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果主句的表語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

What was real to him were the details of his life.

What we need are good doctors.

（2）當(dāng)what從句是個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

What I say and think are no business of yours.

鞏固練習(xí)：選擇括號內(nèi)的正確答案完成句子。

1. The president of the college，together with the deans，（is/are）planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.

2. Neither his training nor his experience as a railway engineer（qualifies/qualify）him for his job.

3. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who（appears/appear）to be friendly， however， it is very hard to deal with him.

4. Neither of them（wants/ want） to go to the Great Wall.

5. There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for，but which（does/do）not bring a return in money to the community.

6. The amount of pressure which the materials are subject? to（affects/affect）the quality of the products.

7. The weeds and tall grass in that yard（makes/make）the house look as if it had been vacant for quite some time.

8. Despite much research，there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that（is/are）not fully understood.

9. Just outside of the ruins（is/are）a castle surrounded by high walls and stately trees.

10. Neither my parents nor I （likes/like） playing basketball.