閆慧明 安燕 齊革清 劉遠(yuǎn) 劉詠梅 黨彤 石繼海 張雪

【摘 要】目的：調(diào)查包頭地區(qū)痛風(fēng)患者發(fā)病情況。方法：包頭市3家醫(yī)院門診就診的983例痛風(fēng)患者通過(guò)手機(jī)掃描調(diào)查問(wèn)卷二維碼，在線填寫調(diào)查問(wèn)卷，下載問(wèn)卷數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)。結(jié)果：男女比例為4∶1，31～50歲發(fā)病率高，蒙古族發(fā)病率低于漢族，市區(qū)發(fā)病率高于城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村，工作穩(wěn)定、收入高者發(fā)病率高，高學(xué)歷者發(fā)病率高，中上等收入者發(fā)病率高，飲白酒為主要發(fā)病誘因，初發(fā)部位為足部，發(fā)病誘因以飲酒和高嘌呤飲食發(fā)病率高，家族中有高血壓者易患痛風(fēng)，易合并高脂血癥和高血壓;痛風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)因素包括男性、飲酒、每天飲用（果汁、可樂(lè)）含糖飲料的量、食用柑橘類水果的次數(shù)，保護(hù)因素是食用青菜的次數(shù)和吸煙;女性痛風(fēng)更易患腦血管病;家族中有高血壓和糖尿病史的痛風(fēng)患者更易患高脂血癥和腦血管病，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P < 0.05）。結(jié)論：男性、漢族、白領(lǐng)、高學(xué)歷者居住市區(qū)及城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)病率高;飲白酒者和不吸煙者發(fā)病率高;首發(fā)部位以足跖趾關(guān)節(jié)、踝關(guān)節(jié)為主;家族中有高血壓和糖尿病者易患痛風(fēng)，有家族史的痛風(fēng)患者更易患高脂血癥和腦血管病;痛風(fēng)男性患者易合并高脂血癥、高血壓病、心腦血管病;女性痛風(fēng)更易患腦血管病;痛風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)因素包括男性、飲酒、飲含糖飲料量和食用柑橘類水果次數(shù)，保護(hù)因素是食用青菜次數(shù)和吸煙。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 痛風(fēng);臨床;飲食;相關(guān)因素;調(diào)查

Related Factors of Gout in Baotou AreaYAN Hui-ming，AN Yan，QI Ge-qing，LIU Yuan，LIU Yong-mei，DANG Tong，SHI Ji-hai，ZHANG Xue

【ABSTRACT】Objective：To investigate the incidence of gout in Baotou area.Methods：Nine hundred and eighty-three gout patients from three hospitals in Baotou City were required to scan the QR code by mobile phone and filled in the questionnaire online.The questionnaire data were downloaded for statistics.Results：The ratio of male to female was 4∶1.The incidence rate is high from 31 to 50 years old，with the Mongolian lower than Han nationality and urban areas higher than that of towns and villages.The incidence rate is high among those with stable job，high or middle income，or high education.Drinking and high purine diet are the main causes of the disease which begins with foot.The family members of hypertension are prone to gout，easily complicated with hyperlipidemia and hypertension.The risk factors of gout included male，alcohol consumption，daily consumption of sugary drinks（juice，cola） and citrus fruits.The protective factors were eating vegetables and smoking.The female with gout are more likely to suffer from cerebrovascular disease.Gout patients with family history of hypertension and diabetes are more likely to suffer from hyperlipidemia and cerebral blood.The difference was statistically significant（P < 0.05）.Conclusion：The incidence rate of the male white collar of Han with high education living in urban or town is high;the incidence rate among the drinker and non-smokers is also high.The gout begins mainly with feet and ankle joints.Family members with

hypertension and diabetes are susceptible to gout.Patients with family history of gout are more likely to suffer from hyperlipidemia and

cerebrovascular diseases.The risk factors of gout include male，drinking，sugary drinks and citrus fruits，and the protective factors are eating vegetables and smoking.

痛風(fēng)發(fā)病在包頭地區(qū)逐年上升，由于本研究設(shè)計(jì)方法及例數(shù)有限，未能全面反映本地區(qū)痛風(fēng)發(fā)病的真實(shí)情況，希望本研究對(duì)臨床有指導(dǎo)作用，同時(shí)引起高危人群和各級(jí)醫(yī)務(wù)人員的重視。除了常見的誘因外，食用含糖水果與飲料多、生活節(jié)奏快、體育鍛煉少、飲食不健康、飲酒多、睡眠少、心理壓力大等因素均可誘發(fā)痛風(fēng)。

本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)包頭地區(qū)發(fā)生痛風(fēng)在生活習(xí)慣方面新的危險(xiǎn)因素和保護(hù)因素，了解生活習(xí)慣可以預(yù)防痛風(fēng)發(fā)生的重要性，更新合理的生活習(xí)慣觀念，增強(qiáng)醫(yī)務(wù)人員及疾病預(yù)防工作人員對(duì)痛風(fēng)的重視程度，增強(qiáng)患者對(duì)HUA的認(rèn)知和自我管理意識(shí)，逐漸形成痛風(fēng)及HUA患者的“三級(jí)預(yù)防理念”。

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收稿日期：2019-09-24;修回日期：2019-12-17