鄒全信 辛穎 易有峰
【摘要】 目的:實(shí)驗(yàn)性觀察替加環(huán)素硬膜下腔給藥的效果及安全性。方法:將我院神經(jīng)外科泛耐藥鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染的11患者,隨機(jī)分為兩組,一組替加環(huán)素靜脈聯(lián)合硬膜下腔給藥,一組替加環(huán)素靜滴,觀察療效及安全性。結(jié)果:靜滴聯(lián)合硬膜下腔給藥的病例,治愈時(shí)間明顯縮短,治愈率明顯提高。結(jié)論:替加環(huán)素靜滴聯(lián)合硬膜下腔給藥是治療泛耐藥藥鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌感染的良好方法。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 替加環(huán)素;泛耐藥鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌;中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染
【中圖分類號(hào)】R453 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】1005-0019(2020)12-019-02
Effect of subdural injection of tegacycline on central nervous system infection of extensively drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii
Zou Quanxin, Xin Ying,Yi Youfeng
Abstract: Objective:to observe the efficacy and safety of tegacycline in subdural cavity. Methods:eleven patients with central nervous system infection of extensively drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii in neurosurgery department of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups: one group of tegacycline intravenous combined with subdural space administration, and the other group of tegacycline intravenous drip, to observe the efficacy and safety. Results:the cure time was shortened and the cure rate was improved obviously in the cases of intravenous drip combined with subdural administration. Conclusion:Tegacycline intravenous drip combined with subdural injection is a good method for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii infection.
Key words:Tegacycline;Extensively drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii; Central nervous system infection
鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌是我國目前最重要的“超級(jí)細(xì)菌”[1]。近幾年來,泛耐藥鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的的感染率不斷上升,神經(jīng)外科和重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室成為了重災(zāi)區(qū)。感染泛耐藥鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌的病人死亡率非常高,可達(dá)71%[2],治療非常棘手,給臨床醫(yī)師帶來了巨大挑戰(zhàn)。其治療要參考藥敏結(jié)果,選擇敏感、易通過血腦屏障的藥物,替加環(huán)素是可選藥物之一,而替加環(huán)素的血腦屏障通過率有限,常規(guī)劑量下,神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的局部藥物濃度不足[3],為探索替加環(huán)素的新用法,決定嘗試靜脈聯(lián)合硬膜下腔給藥的方式,觀察療效及安全性。具體方法如下:我院神經(jīng)外科,從2017年10月至2019年10月間,將泛耐藥鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染的11例患者,其中,男7例,女4例,年齡37-68歲,開顱手術(shù)者10例,血腫腔穿刺引流1例,使用呼吸機(jī)的10例,未使用呼吸機(jī)的1例,11例都發(fā)生過肺炎,入組的病例均經(jīng)過腰穿或腰大池留取腦脊液,連續(xù)細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)及藥敏實(shí)驗(yàn)3次均為泛耐藥藥鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌感染的病例,方能入組,應(yīng)用 SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,隨機(jī)分為兩組。一組替加環(huán)素靜脈聯(lián)合硬膜下腔給藥,硬膜下腔給藥方法:先將10mg替加環(huán)素用0.9%生理鹽水稀釋至20ml備用,腰穿或腰大池緩慢釋放腦脊液20-30ml,再將稀釋后的替加環(huán)素緩慢注入硬膜下腔,腰大池封管1小時(shí)后放開。一組只采用替加環(huán)素靜滴。結(jié)果:出現(xiàn)連續(xù)三天不發(fā)燒的時(shí)間,聯(lián)合治療組為5±2天,靜滴組11±4天;腦脊液由渾濁轉(zhuǎn)清亮的時(shí)間,聯(lián)合治療組7±5天,靜滴組12±8天;腦脊液連續(xù)三次培養(yǎng)陰性的時(shí)間,聯(lián)合治療組8±3天,靜滴組17±7天,整個(gè)治療過程中,無1例患者死亡,無1例出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)損害癥狀。結(jié)論:靜脈聯(lián)合硬膜下腔給藥,效果明顯,安全性良好。
討論
鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌屬專性需氧革蘭陰性桿菌,廣泛存在于自然界、人體、醫(yī)院環(huán)境中,生存力、黏附力極強(qiáng),可通過醫(yī)務(wù)人員的手或器械傳播。重癥患者抵抗力低下,鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌趁機(jī)致病,是引起醫(yī)院感染的重要條件致病菌,從而引發(fā)廣泛關(guān)注。根據(jù)2018年1~6月中國CHINET細(xì)菌耐藥性監(jiān)測網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,10035株不動(dòng)桿菌屬(鮑曼不動(dòng)占92.9%)對(duì)抗菌藥的耐藥率,替加環(huán)素為5.3%,耐藥率很低,這是我們選擇替加環(huán)素的原因。另有研究報(bào)道,細(xì)菌耐藥與抗菌藥物的用量存在宏觀的量化關(guān)系[4-5],那么,怎樣在抗菌藥物用量少、短時(shí)間內(nèi)治愈鮑曼不動(dòng)桿菌,減少耐藥的幾率,顯得尤為重要,我們就想到鞘內(nèi)給藥的方法,能快速提高局部藥物濃度,縮短治愈的時(shí)間。通過上述實(shí)驗(yàn),能初步驗(yàn)證替加環(huán)素硬膜下腔給藥的療效及安全性,要想獲得更全面的、更詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù),有待進(jìn)行大樣本的雙盲對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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