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三種干擾素γ釋放試驗(yàn)在不同年齡結(jié)核病患者中的應(yīng)用比較

2020-10-29 05:38:50美朗曲措陳民黃麗萍邊瑪措
醫(yī)學(xué)信息 2020年18期
關(guān)鍵詞:年齡段預(yù)測值靈敏度

美朗曲措 陳民 黃麗萍 邊瑪措

摘要:目的 ?比較三種干擾素γ釋放試驗(yàn)在不同年齡結(jié)核?。═B)患者中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 ?選取2016年6月~2019年11月西藏自治區(qū)人民醫(yī)院確診為TB患者425例,按照年齡分為≤29歲61例,30~49歲145例,50~69歲130例,≥70歲89例,均進(jìn)行三種IGRAs(QFT Plus、QFT-GIT及T-SPOT.TB)檢測,比較三種方法檢測結(jié)果及其在各年齡組靈敏度和特異性,并分析IGRAs檢測不同年齡段TB患者免疫指標(biāo)結(jié)果。結(jié)果 ?不同IGRAs方法的靈敏度、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而QFT-GIT方法的陰性預(yù)測值低于QFT Plus和T-SPOT.TB方法,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。不同IGRAs方法檢測各年齡段的靈敏度和特異性比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);根據(jù)雙變量回歸分析,靈敏度、特異性與年齡均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。不同年齡組TB患者WBC數(shù)和白蛋白/球蛋白比值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)?!?0歲年齡組TB患者淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞百分比、血清白蛋白數(shù)較其他年齡組TB患者下降(P<0.05),CRP較其他年齡組TB患者上升(P<0.05)。結(jié)論對(duì)于<70歲TB患者,QFT Plus及T-SPOT.TB可用于TB早期診斷工具,而≥70歲TB患者,仍需結(jié)合痰涂片、痰結(jié)核菌DNA、影像學(xué)檢查等手段綜合判斷。

關(guān)鍵詞:IGRAs;QFT Plus;QFT-GIT;T-SPOT.TB;結(jié)核診斷

中圖分類號(hào):R52 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.18.055

文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2020)18-0164-04

Application Comparison of Three Kinds of Interferon γ Release Test

in Tuberculosis Patients of Different Ages

MEILANG Qu-cuo,CHEN Min,HUANG Li-ping,BIAN Ma-cuo

(Department of Respiratory Medicine,People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,Tibet,China)

Abstract:Objective ?To compare the effects of three interferon gamma release tests in tuberculosis (TB) patients of different ages.Methods ?From June 2016 to November 2019, 425 patients with TB diagnosed in the People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region were selected. According to age, 61 cases were ≤29 years old, 145 cases were 30-49 years old, 130 cases were 50-69 years old, and 89 were ≥70 years old. In each case,3 types of IGRAs (QFT Plus, QFT-GIT and T-SPOT.TB) were tested,compare the detection results of the three methods and their sensitivity and specificity in each age group, and analyze the results of IGRAs detecting immune indicators in TB patients of different ages.Results ?The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of different IGRAs methods were not statistically different (P>0.05), while the negative predictive value of QFT-GIT method was lower than that of QFT Plus and T-SPOT.TB methods,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of different IGRAs methods for detecting each age group were compared,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); according to the bivariate regression analysis, the sensitivity and specificity were negatively correlated with age (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in WBC count and albumin/globulin ratio in TB patients of different age groups (P>0.05). The number of lymphocytes, the percentage of lymphocytes, and the number of serum albumin in TB patients in the age group ≥70 years were lower than those in TB patients in other age groups (P<0.05), and CRP was higher than that in TB patients in other age groups (P<0.05).Conclusion ?For TB patients under 70 years of age, QFT Plus and T-SPOT.TB can be used as early diagnostic tools for TB, while TB patients ≥ 70 years of age still need to be combined with sputum smears, sputum tuberculosis DNA, imaging examination and other methods to make comprehensive judgments.

Key words:IGRAs;QFT Plus;QFT-GIT;T-SPOT.TB;Tuberculosis diagnosis

結(jié)核病(tuberculosis,TB)是一種威脅人類健康的傳染性疾病,世界范圍內(nèi)每年新增約610萬結(jié)核病例,其中約有180萬例死亡[1],因此結(jié)核病的早期準(zhǔn)確診斷對(duì)控制其傳播至關(guān)重要。干擾素γ釋放試驗(yàn)(IGRA)是一種能夠克服傳統(tǒng)結(jié)核菌素皮膚試驗(yàn)(TST)局限性的診斷方法[2-4]。目前常見商品化IGRA試劑盒有QuantiFERONTB Gold Plus(QFT Plus)、QuantiFERON-TB-GoldIn-Tube(QFT-GIT)和T-SPOT.TB試劑盒。QFT Plus是新一代QFT-GIT,于2015年推出[5],QFT-GIT含有一個(gè)TB特異性抗原管,通過酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)測定γ干擾素(IFN-γ)的濃度[6],而QFT Plus試劑盒由兩個(gè)TB特異性抗原管組成[7,8];T-SPOT.TB則是通過酶聯(lián)免疫斑點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)測量IFN-γ分泌的T細(xì)胞數(shù)量[9]。這三種IGRA均與IFN-γ緊密相關(guān),而IFN-γ的產(chǎn)生與人體免疫相關(guān),隨著年齡的增長,人體的免疫反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度下降[10,11]。本研究旨在比較三種干擾素γ釋放試驗(yàn)在不同年齡結(jié)核病(TB)患者中的應(yīng)用效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料 ?選取2016年6月~2019年11月西藏自治區(qū)人民醫(yī)院確診(門診及住院)的肺結(jié)核(TB)患者425例,該研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),參與研究者均簽署知情同意書。所有患者均未服用免疫抑制藥物,符合《結(jié)核病診斷和治療指南》中兩次痰涂片抗酸桿菌陽性及影像學(xué)檢查顯示結(jié)核征象,排除精神及認(rèn)知障礙者。其中男219例,女206例;≤29歲61例,30~49歲145例,50~69歲130例,≥70歲89例;TB感染情況:肺結(jié)核269例,肺外結(jié)核156。

1.2儀器與試劑 ?QFT Plus及QFT-GIT試劑盒(澳大利亞Cellestis公司),T-SPOT.TB試劑盒(英國Oxford Immunotec公司),SPX-150B-Z型生化培養(yǎng)箱(上海博訊醫(yī)療生物股份有限公司),TD-12K型離心機(jī)(湖南湘儀離心機(jī)儀器有限公司),HY-3型振蕩器(常州國華電器有限公司),伯樂-550型酶標(biāo)儀(美國Bio-Rad公司),Elispot Classic型酶聯(lián)斑點(diǎn)分析儀(德國AID公司),OLYMPUS SZX10型顯微鏡(日本Olympus公司)。

1.3方法

1.3.1 QFT Plus方法 ?取受試者全血2 ml分別置于特異性試管(TB1和TB2)中,37℃培養(yǎng)16~20 h。25℃離心15 min(4000 rpm;14.6 cm)后取上清液,采用ELISA測定血漿中IFN-γ的濃度。采用Ascent 2.6(Thermo Scientific)進(jìn)行判定(陽性、陰性或不確定)。

1.3.2 QFT-GIT方法 ?取受試者全血3 ml分別置于A、B、C 3個(gè)特異性試管,A為TB抗原管,B為陽性對(duì)照管,C為陰性對(duì)照管,于37℃培養(yǎng)16~20 h。25℃離心15 min(4000 rpm;14.6 cm)后取上清液,采用ELISA測定血漿中IFN-γ的濃度。采用Ascent 2.6(Thermo Scientific)進(jìn)行判定(陽性、陰性或不確定)。

1.3.3 T-SPOT.TB方法 ?取受試者全血4 ml于室溫放置20 min,密度梯度離心法提取純化外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞,稀釋至2.5×106/ml。培養(yǎng)板中加入50 μl陽性對(duì)照、抗原A、抗原B、AIM-V培養(yǎng)基,于37℃培養(yǎng)16~20 h。在與堿性磷酸酶結(jié)合的第二抗體和底物顯色后,采用CTL-ImmunoSpot ?S5 Versa Analyzer(USA)對(duì)形成色斑的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)并進(jìn)行結(jié)果判定(陽性、陰性或不確定)。

1.4觀察指標(biāo) ?比較三種IGRAs檢測方法的靈敏度、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值、陰性預(yù)測值。所有受試者均于清晨空腹采集EDTA抗凝血,TB組血樣除IGRAs檢查外,仍檢查了白細(xì)胞(white blood cell,WBC)計(jì)數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞百分比、絕對(duì)淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血清白蛋白數(shù)、血清球蛋白數(shù)、白蛋白/球蛋白比值以及C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)數(shù)。靈敏度=真陽性/(真陽性數(shù)+假陰性)×100%,特異性=真陰性/(真陰性+假陽性)×100%,陽性預(yù)測值=真陽性/(真陽性+假陽性)×100%,陰性預(yù)測值=真陰性/(真陰性+假陰性)×100%。

1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 ?應(yīng)用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,比較采用?字2檢驗(yàn),采用雙變量回歸分析進(jìn)行靈敏度與年齡、特異性與年齡的相關(guān)性分析。各年齡組間包括WBC計(jì)數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞百分比、絕對(duì)淋巴細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)等變量,采用ANOVA的LSD法進(jìn)行多重比較。以P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1不同IGRAs檢測結(jié)果比較 ?不同IGRAs方法的靈敏度、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而QFT-GIT方法的陰性預(yù)測值低于其他兩種,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。

2.2不同IGRAs方法檢測各年齡段的靈敏度和特異性比較 ?不同IGRAs方法檢測各年齡段的靈敏度和特異性比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);根據(jù)雙變量回歸分析,靈敏度、特異性與年齡均呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),見表2。

2.3不同年齡段TB患者免疫指標(biāo)比較 ?不同年齡組TB患者WBC數(shù)和白蛋白/球蛋白比值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)?!?0歲年齡段TB患者淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞百分比、血清白蛋白數(shù)較其他年齡段TB患者下降(P<0.05),CRP較其他年齡段TB患者上升(P<0.05),見圖1。

3討論

IGRAs是基于IFN-γ產(chǎn)生的一種免疫學(xué)診斷方法,與機(jī)體免疫緊密相關(guān)[12]。隨著年齡的增長,人體免疫細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少、分化增殖及免疫能力減低,T細(xì)胞數(shù)量及功能的降低可能是導(dǎo)致T-SPOT.TB靈敏度下降的重要原因之一[13,14]。同時(shí),老年TB患者營養(yǎng)不良、低蛋白血癥的比例較高,CD4細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少可能導(dǎo)致QFT Plus及QFT-GIT靈敏度下降[15,16]。Santos JA等[17]研究報(bào)道,年齡(≥65歲)是IGRAs不確定結(jié)果的預(yù)測因素之一。田瑞雪等[18]研究報(bào)道,在老年TB患者診斷中T-SPOT.TB方法敏感度下降。Bae W等[19]研究報(bào)道,WBC、淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)等免疫指標(biāo)對(duì)不同年齡段患者的QFT-GIT和T-SPOT.TB方法的靈敏度影響較大,但由于研究對(duì)象來自不同醫(yī)院的不同患者,結(jié)果存在一定偏差與不確定性。

IGRAs法靈敏度高,且不受卡介苗和大部分非致病分枝桿菌的影響,近年來在TB的診斷中脫穎而出[20],但在老年TB患者診斷中IGRAs敏感度降低[21]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,不同IGRAs方法的靈敏度、特異性、陽性預(yù)測值比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而QFT-GIT方法的陰性預(yù)測值低于其他兩種,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說明QFT-GIT方法在TB診斷中的對(duì)真正未患病者的診斷準(zhǔn)確率低于其他兩種方法;三種IGRAs方法檢測各年齡段的靈敏度和特異性比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);根據(jù)雙變量回歸分析,靈敏度、特異性均與年齡呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),說明隨著年齡增加,三種IGRAs的靈敏度及特異性均降低,且除了≤29年齡組三種IGRAs的靈敏度相似外,在其他年齡組中QFT-GIT方法的靈敏度及特異性均低于其他兩種方法;相較于其他年齡組,≥70歲組患者的淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)、淋巴細(xì)胞百分比、血清白蛋白數(shù)、血清球蛋白數(shù)等指標(biāo)下降,CRP數(shù)上升,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說明隨年齡增加,≥70歲TB患者的淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)等免疫指標(biāo)下降及CRP數(shù)的上升可能與IGRAs靈敏度降低相關(guān)[22,23]。

綜上所述,對(duì)于<70歲的患者,QFT Plus及T-SPOT.TB可用于TB早期診斷工具,靈敏度和特異性高。而≥70歲的患者,對(duì)其結(jié)果應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合臨床謹(jǐn)慎解讀,可結(jié)合痰涂片、痰結(jié)核菌DNA、影像學(xué)檢查進(jìn)行綜合判斷。

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[21]賈巖,馬俊鵬,張春梅,等.結(jié)核感染T細(xì)胞檢測在肺結(jié)核堯肺外結(jié)核及潛伏性結(jié)核感染中輔助診斷的臨床運(yùn)用[J].醫(yī)學(xué)信息,2015,28(32):127.

[22]Latorre I,Mínguez S,Carrascosa JM,et al.Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases differently affect IGRAs'accuracy for latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis in clinical practice[J].PLoS One,2017,12(12):e0189202.

[23]Takasaki J,Manabe T,Morino E,et al.Sensitivity and specificity of QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus compared with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB on active tuberculosis in Japan[J].Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy,2018,24(3):188-192.

收稿日期:2020-05-13;修回日期:2020-06-08

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