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經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧對(duì)急性呼吸衰竭預(yù)后的Meta分析

2020-11-06 05:42:30董雙虎熊蘇力何青云龔志翔王龍海歐陽(yáng)麗芬
關(guān)鍵詞:死亡率

董雙虎 熊蘇力 何青云 龔志翔 王龍海 歐陽(yáng)麗芬

【摘要】 目的:系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧對(duì)急性呼吸衰竭預(yù)后的影響。方法:計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、EBSCO、Springer、Ovid、CNKI和CBM數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),納入1985年7月-2019年7月發(fā)表的關(guān)于經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧對(duì)急性呼吸衰竭影響的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(RCT)。按Cochrane系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行資料提取和質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),而后采用RevMan 5.3軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。觀察在重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科的插管率、死亡例數(shù)及動(dòng)脈血?dú)庋鹾现笖?shù)的變化。結(jié)果:納入7篇RCT研究,共1 968例患者。分析結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧與傳統(tǒng)面罩給氧相比,經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧能降低28 d插管率[OR=0.41,95%CI(0.19,0.89),P=0.02]。與無(wú)創(chuàng)正壓通氣相比,經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧不能降低28 d插管率[OR=0.83,95%CI(0.51,1.35),P=0.46]。與傳統(tǒng)面罩給氧相比,經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧不能降低ICU患者死亡率[OR=0.55,95%CI(0.28,1.07),P=0.08]。結(jié)論:與傳統(tǒng)面罩給氧相比,經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧患者不能降低患者死亡率,但能降低患者28 d插管率。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧 急性呼吸衰竭 插管率 死亡率

[Abstract] Objective: To evaluate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen on the prognosis of acute respiratory failure. Method: PubMed, EBSCO, Springer, Ovid, CNKI and CBM databases were searched by computer, and randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the effects of nasal high flow oxygen on acute respiratory failure published from July 1985 to July 2019 were included. Data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted according to Cochrane system evaluation method, and then meta-analysis was conducted by Revman 5.3 software. The changes of intubation rate, number of death cases and arterial blood gas oxygenation index in ICU were observed. Result: Seven RCT studies involving 1 968 patients were included. The results showed that compared with the traditional mask oxygen supply, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen could reduce the 28 day intubation rate [OR=0.41, 95%CI (0.19, 0.89), P=0.02]. Compared with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen did not reduce the 28 day intubation rate [OR=0.83, 95%CI (0.51,1.35), P=0.46]. Compared with traditional mask oxygen, ?high-flow nasal cannula oxygen did not reduce the mortality of ICU patients [OR=0.55, 95%CI (0.28, 1.07), P=0.08]. Conclusion: Compared with traditional mask oxygen, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen can not reduce the mortality rate, but can reduce the 28 day intubation rate.

[Key words] High-flow nasal cannula oxygen Acute respiratory failure Intubation rate Mortality rate

First-authors address: Jiangxi Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang 330003, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.24.019

經(jīng)鼻高流量氧療(high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, HFNC)是通過(guò)無(wú)需密封的鼻塞管直接將空氧混合的高流量氣體輸送給患者的一種新的氧療方式,可以提供精確的氧濃度(21%~100%),提供最高達(dá)70 L/min的流量,提供37 ℃相對(duì)濕度100%的氣體[1]。近期國(guó)外Stephan等[2]一項(xiàng)非劣效性多中心隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究顯示,HFNC與NIV在改善心胸外科術(shù)后拔管后Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者氧合方面等效,兩組患者病死率無(wú)差異,但治療24 h后NIV組存在皮膚壓瘡等并發(fā)癥,而HFNC耐受性較好,證實(shí)HFNC可作為心臟外科術(shù)后患者拔管后的有效序貫治療措施[2]。經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧在國(guó)內(nèi)外已應(yīng)用多年,但關(guān)于其是否能改善呼吸衰竭患者預(yù)后方面尚存一定的爭(zhēng)議。本研究收集國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn),系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧對(duì)呼吸衰竭患者預(yù)后分析,為臨床上合理使用經(jīng)鼻高流量給氧提供循證醫(yī)學(xué)根據(jù)。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

[3] Maggiore S M,Idone F A,Vaschetto R,et al.Nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after extubation. Effects on oxygenation, comfort, and clinical outcome[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2014,190:282-288.

[4] Simon M,Braune S,F(xiàn)rings D,et al.High-flow nasal cannula oxygen versus non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure undergoing flexible bronchoscopy - a prospective randomised trial[J].Crit Care,2014,18:712.

[5] Frat J P,Thille A W,Mercat A,et al.High-Flow Oxygen through Nasal Cannula in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure[J].New England Journal of Medicine,2015,372(23):2185-2196.

[6] Hernandez G,Vaquero C,González P,et al.Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs conventional oxygen therapy on reintubation in low-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial[J].JAMA,2016,315(13):1354-1361.

[7]張煥然,浦其斌,張京臣,等.急性呼吸衰竭患者拔管后序貫經(jīng)鼻高流量通氣的療效分析[J].中華急診醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2018,27(4):373-378.

[8]陳耿靖,許紅陽(yáng),潘虹,等.經(jīng)鼻高流量氧療在食管癌術(shù)后急性呼吸衰竭患者中的臨床應(yīng)用[J].中國(guó)急救醫(yī)學(xué),2018,38(4):301-304.

[9] Frizzola M,Miller T L,Rodriguez M E,et al.High-flow nasal cannula: Impact on oxygenation and ventilation in an acute lung injury model[J].Pediatric Pulmonology,2011,46(1):67-74.

[10]何小軍,王勇,郭偉.日本呼吸病學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)無(wú)創(chuàng)正壓通氣指南(第二次修訂版)[J].中華急診醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2017,26(7):735-738.

[11]慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)診治專家組.慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)診治中國(guó)專家共識(shí)(2014年修訂版)[J].國(guó)際呼吸雜志,2014,34(1):1-11.

[12]劉嘉琳.經(jīng)鼻高流量氧療的臨床應(yīng)用[J].中華結(jié)核和呼吸雜志,2016,39(9):660-662.

[13]杜虎,黃文祺,王蔥,等.高流量吸氧對(duì)重癥急性胰腺炎所致急性呼吸窘迫綜合征的療效[J].現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生,2017,33(12):1761-1763.

[14]蓋宇.ICU無(wú)創(chuàng)正壓通氣治療急性左心衰40例的療效觀察[J].中國(guó)現(xiàn)代藥物應(yīng)用,2013,7(22):27-28.

[15]張嬌嬌.有創(chuàng)通氣對(duì)重癥急性左心衰患者呼吸、循環(huán)功能影響[J].中國(guó)實(shí)用醫(yī)藥,2016,11(4):76-77.

[16]李志偉,李超,馬繼韜,等.有創(chuàng)機(jī)械通氣用于重癥急性左心衰患者急診搶救中的臨床效果研究[J].系統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué),2017,2(2):34-36.

[17]于不為,吳新民,左明章,等.困難氣道管理指南[J].臨床麻醉學(xué)雜志,2013,29(1):93-98.

[18]蔣雄斌,張燁青,施圣兵.食管癌術(shù)后急性呼吸衰竭的l臨床特點(diǎn)及危險(xiǎn)因素[J].心肺血管病雜志,2004,23(11):225-226.

[19]妥亞軍,侯濱,侯學(xué)智,等.經(jīng)鼻高流量氧氣濕化治療重型高原肺水腫的療效[J].實(shí)用醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2017,33(18):3156-3157.

(收稿日期:2020-02-19) (本文編輯:姬思雨)

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