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慢性阻塞性肺疾病與冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病的相關性

2021-01-28 22:28:17楊浩高達
中國現代醫(yī)生 2021年34期

楊浩 高達

[摘要] 目的 探討慢性阻塞性肺疾?。–OPD)與冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。–AD)的相關性。 方法 回顧性分析2017年1月至2020年1月寧波市醫(yī)療中心李惠利醫(yī)院收治的211例CAD合并COPD患者,根據SYNTAX評分分為三組,再根據《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡議2019(GOLD2019)》分為四組。冠脈病變嚴重程度各組間比較采用方差分析;各計量資料與冠脈病變及COPD嚴重程度的相關性分析采用Spearman檢驗;COPD嚴重程度與CAD嚴重程度相關性分析采用Kendall's tau檢驗。 結果 COPD嚴重程度與CAD病變嚴重程度呈顯著正相關(r>0,P<0.05);年齡、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、用力肺活量(FVC)與CAD嚴重程度呈顯著正相關(r>0,P<0.05);第1秒用力呼氣容積(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC與CAD嚴重程度呈負相關(r<0,P<0.05);年齡、LDL-C、FEV1預計值(preFEV1)、FVC與COPD嚴重程度呈正相關(r>0,P<0.05);FEV1、FEV1/FVC與COPD嚴重程度呈負相關(r<0,P<0.05)。 結論 肺功能參數和CAD病變嚴重程度及COPD嚴重程度具有相關性,且COPD嚴重程度與CAD嚴重程度呈正相關。

[關鍵詞] COPD;CAD;SYNTAX評分;肺功能檢測

[中圖分類號] R563.9? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2021)34-0044-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 211 CAD patients with COPD admitted to Ningbo Medical Center Li Huili Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into three groups according to SYNTAX score, and then divided into four groups according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2019(GOLD2019). Analysis of variance was used to compare the severity of coronary artery disease between the groups. Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation between each measurement data and the severity of coronary artery disease and COPD. Kendall's stau test was used to analyze the correlation between the severity of COPD and the severity of CAD. Results There was a significant positive correlation between the severity of COPD and the severity of CAD lesions (r>0, P<0.05). Age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and forced vital capacity(FVC) were significantly positively correlated with CAD severity (r>0, P<0.05). Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC were negatively correlated with CAD severity (r<0, P<0.05). Age, LDL-C, predicted FEV1 (preFEV1), and FVC were positively correlated with COPD severity (r>0, P<0.05). FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were negatively correlated with COPD severity(r<0, P<0.05). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that there is a correlation between pulmonary function parameters and CAD lesion severity and COPD severity, and COPD severity is positively correlated with CAD severity.

[Key words] COPD; CAD; SYNTAX score; Pulmonary function test

慢性阻塞性肺疾?。–hronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,COPD)是氣流受限不完全可逆的肺部疾病[1]。全球常見死因中COPD已上升至第三位[2-3]。COPD的癥狀及功能受限是由于氣道阻塞、呼吸活動增加和氣體交換障礙所致,最終可導致肺動脈高壓、肺心病和心衰[4-6]。約20%的COPD患者無任何癥狀,但1 s用力呼氣容積(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)降低是導致心血管事件的高危因素[7]。有研究[8-11]發(fā)現COPD患者中缺血性心臟病和心力衰竭的患病率較高。本研究旨在通過肺功能來探討COPD與CAD病變嚴重程度的關系,現報道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

回顧2017年1月至2020年1月于寧波市醫(yī)療中心李惠利醫(yī)院住院的CAD合并COPD患者211例,據SYNTAX將患者分為三組:冠脈輕度(n=23)、中度(n=161)及重度組(n=27),據《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡議2019(GOLD2019)》分為四組:GOLD1-1級組(n=44),GOLD1-2級組(n=136),GOLD1-3級組(n=28),GOLD1-4級組(n=3),且所有患者均行冠脈造影及肺功能檢查且資料完整。本研究已通過寧波市醫(yī)療中心李惠利醫(yī)院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準。排除標準:①患有除COPD外的其他呼吸疾病者;②既往有血管造影史、嚴重心臟瓣膜病史者;③有惡性腫瘤史者;④感染以及肝腎功能不全者。納入標準:同時合并有CAD及COPD者,CAD定義為冠狀動脈造影明確至少有1支冠脈主干或主要分支病變≥50%,COPD根據《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡議2019(GOLD2019)》[12]診斷標準為FEV1/FVC<70%。

1.2 方法

回顧性分析所需患者臨床資料,包括年齡、性別、吸煙、糖尿病、收縮壓(Systolic pressure,SBP)和舒張壓(Diastolic pressure,DBP)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、1 s用力呼氣容積(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、FEV1預計值(preFEV1)、用力肺活量(Forced vital capacity,FVC)、FEV1/FVC、射血分數(Ejection fraction,EF)、血紅蛋白(Hemoglobin,Hb)、紅細胞壓積(Hematocrit,Hct)。根據《GOLD2019》[12],患者GOLD分級如下:1級:FEV1≥80%,2級:50%≤FEV1<80%,3級:30%≤FEV1<50%,4級:FEV1<30%。根據冠狀動脈造影結果及SYNTAX評分[13],將患者分為三組:輕度:SYNTAX評分≤22(n=23),中度:23≤SYNTAX評分≤32(n=161),重度:SYNTAX評分≥33(n=27)(通過www.syntaxscore.com評分工具計算所得)。

1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法

采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數據分析處理。計量資料用均數±標準差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用ANOVA分析。Kolmogorov-Sminiov(KS)檢驗評估變量正態(tài)性。計量資料與COPD嚴重程度及CAD嚴重程度相關性采用Spearman檢驗。COPD嚴重程度與CAD嚴重程度相關性采用Kendall檢驗。計數資料以[n(%)]表示,差異性比較采用χ2檢驗。統(tǒng)計結果判定均采用雙側。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 三組患者一般臨床資料

211例患者中,男53例(25.10%),女158例(74.90%)。其中34.1%患者吸煙,65.90%患者不吸煙,平均年齡(59.36±8.29)歲。其中年齡、LDL-C、SBP、FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC在CAD各組間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。見表1。

2.2 CAD與COPD嚴重程度相關性分析

GOLD分級為1、2、3、4級的患者分別為44例、136例、28例和3例。CAD病變輕度、中度、重度的患者分別為23例、161例和27例。在CAD輕度病變組中GOLD3/4級為0例,在CAD中度及重度病變組GOLD3/4級的例數明顯增多,組間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。Kendall相關分析顯示,COPD嚴重程度與CAD嚴重程度呈顯著的正相關(W=0.509,P<0.05),COPD分級越高,CAD病變越重。見表2。

2.3 一般臨床資料與CAD及COPD嚴重程度相關性分析

年齡、糖尿病史、LDL-C、FVC與CAD嚴重程度呈正相關(r>0,P<0.05),FEV1、FEV1/FVC則與之呈負相關(r<0,P<0.05)。年齡、LDL-C、preFEV1、FVC與COPD嚴重程度呈正相關(r>0,P<0.05),FEV1、FEV1/FVC則與之呈負相關(r<0,P<0.05)。見表3。

3 討論

CAD和COPD在老年人中多見,早期發(fā)現并預測其進展很重要。心血管疾病在全球死因中占主導地位[14-15]。有研究報道COPD與動脈粥樣硬化間的關系[9-11,16],氧化應激降低及慢性炎癥可能是致COPD患者動脈粥樣硬化加重的原因[11]。

本研究探討COPD嚴重程度與CAD嚴重程度的關系。通過對211例CAD患者的研究發(fā)現年齡、LDL-C、SBP、FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC與CAD嚴重程度存在統(tǒng)計學差異。許多研究表明,吸煙是增加CAD發(fā)病及嚴重程度的危險因素之一[17-18],然而本研究結果與之不符。有研究表明[19-20],COPD病變越重,罹患CAD可能性越大。本研究發(fā)現肺功能越差者CAD病變越重。Zhu等[21]亦發(fā)現COPD與CAD嚴重程度具有相關性。其中機制可能是COPD患者常伴隨二氧化碳分壓升高,而二氧化碳可加重動脈粥樣硬化。

本研究發(fā)現CAD嚴重程度與年齡、糖尿病史、LDL-C、SBP、FEV1、FVC、FEV1、FVC具有相關性。本研究發(fā)現合并糖尿病的CAD患者冠脈病變更重,這與Goudis等[20]的結果一致,且高血壓和糖尿病均為CAD的主要危險因素[22-24]。年齡是心血管疾病的危險因素之一,本研究發(fā)現CAD病變程度越重則其年齡越大。但本研究也存在一些局限性,回顧性研究及小樣本量均會對研究產生一定偏倚,所以為了獲得更好的研究結果,尚需更大樣本量的前瞻性研究。

肺功能及COPD嚴重程度與CAD嚴重程度具有相關性,可預測CAD的嚴重程度。可作為一項評估及預測CAD病情的無創(chuàng)且經濟的手段,具有重要臨床意義。

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(收稿日期:2021-04-09)

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