鄭嵇平 楊駿
山從天目成群出,水傍太湖分港流。
行遍江南清麗地,人生只合住湖州。
古人的詩(shī)篇印刻在中國(guó)太湖之岸唯一因湖而得名的城市——湖州。
這座具有2000多年歷史的濱湖之城,千百年來(lái)在橫亙的田疇沃野書(shū)寫(xiě)傳奇。
如今,在湖州的廣袤田野,一批批新農(nóng)人又開(kāi)始了新一輪的忙碌。田間地頭,先進(jìn)農(nóng)機(jī)歡快馳騁;農(nóng)家院落,家風(fēng)家訓(xùn)經(jīng)典傳承;鄉(xiāng)村綠道,游客接待樂(lè)此不?!?/p>
這里是中國(guó)美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)的發(fā)源地。
2008年,湖州市安吉縣圍繞“村村優(yōu)美、家家創(chuàng)業(yè)、處處和諧、人人幸福”目標(biāo)、“環(huán)境提升、產(chǎn)業(yè)提升、服務(wù)提升、素質(zhì)提升”四大工程和36項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全面開(kāi)展創(chuàng)建活動(dòng),在全國(guó)率先開(kāi)展以“中國(guó)美麗鄉(xiāng)村”為載體的社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)。
10多年來(lái),湖州持續(xù)實(shí)施“千萬(wàn)工程”這一改善農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境大行動(dòng),大力推進(jìn)新農(nóng)村建設(shè),全域建設(shè)美麗鄉(xiāng)村,與時(shí)俱進(jìn)打造美麗鄉(xiāng)村升級(jí)版,農(nóng)村整體面貌得到根本性改變,美麗鄉(xiāng)村成為湖州的一張金名片,探索走出了一條以生態(tài)文明建設(shè)為主線的鄉(xiāng)村振興之路。
演繹美麗鄉(xiāng)村“連環(huán)計(jì)”
行徑在太湖南岸,微風(fēng)拂過(guò),蒹葭初綠。依偎在世界灌溉工程遺產(chǎn)——太湖溇港的湖州美麗鄉(xiāng)村勾勒出一幅連綿的風(fēng)景圖。
在溇港分布最多的吳興區(qū)、高新區(qū)和織里鎮(zhèn)濱湖的6座村莊去年聯(lián)手干了一件漂亮事:在太湖堤岸旁合種蘆葦,連起了保護(hù)太湖水環(huán)境的“綠色長(zhǎng)城”。這一打破村界、共建宜居鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境的做法,正是當(dāng)?shù)卮蛟煨聲r(shí)代美麗鄉(xiāng)村樣板片區(qū)的智慧體現(xiàn)。
為了放大美麗鄉(xiāng)村乘數(shù)效應(yīng),湖州于2020年在浙江省率先啟動(dòng)建設(shè)新時(shí)代美麗鄉(xiāng)村樣板片區(qū),片區(qū)化、組團(tuán)式推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)。
2020年以來(lái),湖州篩選出一批典型村莊,突破單村建設(shè)發(fā)展模式,統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)連片村莊組團(tuán)建設(shè)發(fā)展,對(duì)片區(qū)村莊進(jìn)行生態(tài)化規(guī)劃,對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行融合化提升,對(duì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行景觀化改善,對(duì)人文進(jìn)行體驗(yàn)式挖掘,對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式進(jìn)行組團(tuán)化構(gòu)建,推進(jìn)打造吳興“濱湖六村”、南潯“苕溪漁隱”和德清“莫干國(guó)際 · 智繪鄉(xiāng)村”等10個(gè)新時(shí)代美麗鄉(xiāng)村樣板片區(qū)。
片區(qū)內(nèi)原本“各自為政”的村莊穿點(diǎn)成線,促使美麗鄉(xiāng)村從一處美向一片美、一時(shí)美向持久美轉(zhuǎn)變,并且由外在美向內(nèi)在美、形態(tài)美向制度美轉(zhuǎn)型。這是湖州打造美麗鄉(xiāng)村升級(jí)版的新路徑。
在德清“莫干國(guó)際 · 智繪鄉(xiāng)村”片區(qū),2020年完成建設(shè)的莫干山綜合治理智慧一期平臺(tái)已投入使用,集成了莫干數(shù)圖、旅游數(shù)圖和交通數(shù)圖等多方面的數(shù)據(jù)可視化展示功能,為這一帶旅游業(yè)提供精準(zhǔn)的線上信息服務(wù),讓片區(qū)內(nèi)10座村莊共享一張“數(shù)字地圖”。莫干山度假區(qū)管委會(huì)介紹,鄉(xiāng)村未來(lái)社區(qū)是美麗鄉(xiāng)村的升級(jí)版,鄉(xiāng)村片區(qū)組團(tuán)發(fā)展有利于數(shù)字化改革等一系列鄉(xiāng)村振興新手段的應(yīng)用。
在新時(shí)代美麗鄉(xiāng)村樣板片區(qū)建設(shè)驅(qū)動(dòng)下,湖州在去年率先實(shí)現(xiàn)了省級(jí)美麗鄉(xiāng)村示范縣全覆蓋,美麗鄉(xiāng)村的綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)家底更為厚實(shí),而農(nóng)民的獲得感也實(shí)實(shí)在在。2020年,湖州在全省率先實(shí)現(xiàn)A級(jí)景區(qū)村莊全覆蓋,并在全省率先實(shí)現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)同質(zhì)飲水。
激活田疇沃野“致富碼”
竹海翻浪,茶香四溢。在安吉縣遞鋪街道魯家村,安吉盈元家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)負(fù)責(zé)人朱仁元這幾天一頭忙著組織白茶采摘,一頭忙著白茶研學(xué)基地項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃。2020年,他成了全國(guó)首宗農(nóng)業(yè)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地”的獲得者,打開(kāi)了三產(chǎn)融合發(fā)展的新路徑。
“過(guò)去這里除了搞種養(yǎng),其他什么都不能做?,F(xiàn)在,地還是這塊地,所有權(quán)仍歸村集體,但我可以合法合規(guī)地在這里建一座研學(xué)基地,農(nóng)事體驗(yàn)、兒童夏令營(yíng)的節(jié)目都可以安排上了?!敝烊试f(shuō)。
產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺方可撐起鄉(xiāng)村振興“脊梁”。
作為中國(guó)美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)發(fā)源地,湖州一直以來(lái)致力于農(nóng)村資源要素活力的激發(fā),通過(guò)不斷完善農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護(hù)制度,尊重基層和群眾創(chuàng)造,推動(dòng)改革不斷取得新突破。在一系列改革創(chuàng)新思維驅(qū)動(dòng)下,湖州鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)走上了特色化、融合化、數(shù)字化、項(xiàng)目化、品牌化的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展路子。
多年來(lái),用地指標(biāo)少、規(guī)劃滯后、土地出讓成本高、審批手續(xù)復(fù)雜等問(wèn)題束縛著全國(guó)農(nóng)村三產(chǎn)融合發(fā)展用地。為破解這一問(wèn)題,湖州打破傳統(tǒng)思維,在全國(guó)率先推出“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地”政策。
湖州的農(nóng)業(yè)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地”設(shè)置了投資主體規(guī)模、投資強(qiáng)度、畝均產(chǎn)出、吸納就業(yè)人數(shù)等準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),出讓價(jià)格參照同區(qū)域工業(yè)用地基準(zhǔn)地價(jià),遠(yuǎn)低于原來(lái)的商服用地價(jià)格。截至目前,全市已有82個(gè)項(xiàng)目獲批農(nóng)業(yè)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地”。
要牢牢把住糧食安全主動(dòng)權(quán),糧食生產(chǎn)年年要抓緊。在素有“魚(yú)米之鄉(xiāng)”之稱的湖州,如何助推糧食產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展成為責(zé)無(wú)旁貸的使命擔(dān)當(dāng)。2020年,湖州“五優(yōu)聯(lián)動(dòng)”試點(diǎn)做法在全省乃至全國(guó)糧食產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到推廣。
在試點(diǎn)實(shí)施中,湖州通過(guò)省內(nèi)首創(chuàng)“糧庫(kù)+糧企”合作收糧、共享儲(chǔ)糧的收儲(chǔ)機(jī)制和以市場(chǎng)定良種的創(chuàng)新做法,以訂單形式引導(dǎo)種糧農(nóng)民開(kāi)展試點(diǎn)種植,打破原有“種什么收什么”的收儲(chǔ)體系,升級(jí)糧食優(yōu)質(zhì)供給。
受益于“五優(yōu)聯(lián)動(dòng)”試點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),南潯區(qū)南潯鎮(zhèn)燈塔村的湖州白兔糧油股份有限公司構(gòu)建起了糧食種植、加工、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)和銷售的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,帶動(dòng)周邊2000多戶農(nóng)戶增產(chǎn)增收。企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人邱若飛介紹,企業(yè)目前每天向本地及杭州、上海等周邊市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)優(yōu)質(zhì)大米100多噸,“新辦法讓我們倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)成本降低了,而且即使遇到糧價(jià)波動(dòng),我們也不再為糧源發(fā)愁”。
揚(yáng)起村莊阡陌“文明風(fēng)”
村民家中若要辦紅白喜事,要向該村專職網(wǎng)格員遞交申報(bào)表。這樣的新鮮事就發(fā)生在長(zhǎng)興縣洪橋鎮(zhèn)陳家埭村。
村民陳志鋒回憶起女兒去年的那場(chǎng)婚禮仍記憶猶新:“《紅白喜事自辦家宴申報(bào)表》里,申請(qǐng)人和當(dāng)日廚師共同簽名,宴請(qǐng)桌數(shù)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)超標(biāo)了可不行,過(guò)去鋪張浪費(fèi)的陋習(xí)都改了!”他說(shuō)。
建設(shè)美麗鄉(xiāng)村,物質(zhì)文明和精神文明要一起抓,特別要注重提升農(nóng)民精神風(fēng)貌。多年來(lái),湖州不斷加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè),加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村思想道德建設(shè),弘揚(yáng)和踐行社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀,普及科學(xué)知識(shí),推進(jìn)農(nóng)村移風(fēng)易俗,推動(dòng)形成文明鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)、良好家風(fēng)、淳樸民風(fēng)。
當(dāng)?shù)匾孕聲r(shí)代文明實(shí)踐中心建設(shè)為引領(lǐng),通過(guò)在鄉(xiāng)村阡陌開(kāi)展文明實(shí)踐、深化家風(fēng)建設(shè)、開(kāi)展鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)評(píng)議、推進(jìn)移風(fēng)易俗和強(qiáng)化文化服務(wù)平臺(tái)建設(shè)等舉措,著力提升農(nóng)村文明素質(zhì),淳化農(nóng)村鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)民俗,改善農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境,豐富農(nóng)村文化生活。
通過(guò)文明實(shí)踐弘揚(yáng)家風(fēng),成為湖州提升鄉(xiāng)村文明水平的絕招。
在南潯區(qū)雙林鎮(zhèn),居民顧振聲自編的《培養(yǎng)良好的家風(fēng)集》如今已成為兒女手中的文明寶典,8個(gè)篇章、5萬(wàn)余字的家風(fēng)好故事被生動(dòng)傳承?!案赣H的家風(fēng)家訓(xùn)耳濡目染,教導(dǎo)我們?cè)趯?shí)踐中不斷學(xué)習(xí)和提升?!北肿蠲兰绎L(fēng)的教誨,兒子顧永平在工作崗位上積極進(jìn)取,被評(píng)為“南潯工匠”。
在湖州,鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明正成為廣大村民的一種自覺(jué)。
“第一次考評(píng)時(shí),我家在人居環(huán)境這塊被扣了9分,經(jīng)過(guò)考評(píng)人員的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指導(dǎo),立馬進(jìn)行整改,你們看看現(xiàn)在大變樣了吧?!痹诎布h遞鋪街道康山村,村民黃加清對(duì)自家重塑“文明檔案”的故事津津樂(lè)道。該村創(chuàng)新性地實(shí)施了《康山村村民文明行為規(guī)范辦法》,全村665戶家庭自愿簽訂文明公約,接受文明考評(píng),村民的文明意識(shí)大幅提升。
鄉(xiāng)村振興,既要塑形,也要鑄魂。
在湖州,鄉(xiāng)村文明已與城市文明共同構(gòu)筑了文明之邦的經(jīng)緯。
2020年,第六屆全國(guó)文明城市名單中,湖州以地級(jí)市全國(guó)第一名的成績(jī)通過(guò)復(fù)評(píng);湖州下轄三縣中,德清在縣級(jí)全國(guó)文明城市中排名第一,長(zhǎng)興順利通過(guò)復(fù)評(píng),安吉獲得全國(guó)文明城市稱號(hào)。
湖州的文明之風(fēng)不僅遍布城市,也勁吹鄉(xiāng)村,在全國(guó)率先實(shí)現(xiàn)市縣兩級(jí)全國(guó)文明城市創(chuàng)建的“滿堂紅”。
A Yuan (1271-1368) poem thus heaps praise on Huzhou, a city with a history of over 2,000 years and the only city that is named after the Taihu Lake. Now, in Huzhou, a new generation of farmers are bustling around: advanced agricultural machinery is galloping forward merrily; in farmers courtyards, family traditions and instructions are being passed down; and along the village green trails, throngs of tourists are enjoying the idyllic rural life…
As the birthplace of Chinas Beautiful Countryside Campaign, Huzhou is witnessing a revitalization of its rural areas.
In 2008, Huzhous Anji county took the lead in building a “new socialist countryside”. Over the past decade, the county has been restoring the rural ecology by implementing Zhejiangs “Green Rural Revival Program”. Villages have been renovated, and rural landscapes have got full facelifts during the process. “Beautiful villages” are now Huzhous “golden name card”.
Since 2020, Huzhou has selected a number of model villages, and established a system where, instead of an individual village working on its own, a group of villages with similar endowments or features would pool their resources and collaborate in their efforts to improve the local environment and develop local economy through promoting featured industries like tourism. Villages in the citys Wuxing district, Nanxun district and Wuxing county have been cooperating in exactly such a manner and “integrated areas” encompassing these villages are being set up.
For example, along the south bank of the Taihu Lake, rather than each village “minding their own businesses” within their village boundaries, six villages have planted reeds together, erecting a “Green Great Wall” protecting the lakes ecology. In Deqing countys Moganshan area, 10 villages are sharing an integrated digital map that provides accurate online tourist information: it not only proves more convenient for tourists, but is more cost-effective for those villages involved.
These integration measures have greatly magnified the multiplier effect of the “Beautiful Countryside”. Indeed, Huzhou is committed to fully revitalizing agricultural resources through a series of reforms and innovative ideas.
“In the past, nothing could be done here except farming,” said Zhu Renyuan, an owner of a family-run farm commonly seen now in Huzhou. Hes been busy with harvesting white tea for the past few days, and planning to establish a white tea research base. “Today, on the same piece of land, whose ownership still belongs to the village collective, I can legally build a research base, and programs such as farming experience, children's summer camps can be arranged.”
Zhu is the first recipient of the so-called rural “standard land”, which not only allowed for commercial use of rural lands, but also significantly lowered the costs of land transfer. In the process, a new path of development integrating agricultural production, agricultural products processing and agriculture-related services has been opened for rural areas. So far, a total of 82 projects have been approved for their applications of rural “standard land”.
A “Beautiful Country” cannot be judged “beautiful” if progress is only made in the material aspect. Over the years, Huzhou has been continually improving public etiquette and ethical standards in the countryside.
“The applicant and the cook need to sign their names on the form,” Chen Zhifeng, a villager from Chenjiadai village, Hongqiao township of Changxing county, recalled the banquet held for his daughters wedding. “No waste of food is allowed!” The form Chen mentioned is specially designed for occasions like wedding, funerals and birthdays, when banquets are traditionally thrown, to cut waste.
In Shuanglin township, Nanxun district, a manual of family instructions compiled by Gu Zhensheng, a local resident, has become the “family bible”. In eight chapters and more than 50,000 words, Gus family traditions are told in vivid stories. “My family have learned a lot in these instructions and traditions, and we are greatly inspired both in life and at work,” said Gu Yongping, Gu Zhenshengs son and a model worker at Nanxun district.
In Huzhou, rural revitalization and urban development are making it more than a “place to live for a lifetime”.