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必修3第5單元重點詞語歸納

2021-08-14 22:37:43周敏欣
考試與評價·高一版 2021年3期
關鍵詞:下結論景色辨析

周敏欣

1. basis n. 基礎;根據;基點

【經典例句】

The theory seems to have no basis in fact. 這一理論似乎沒有事實根據。

This article will form the basis for our discussion. 這篇文章將作為我們討論的基點。

The basis of a good marriage is trust. 美滿婚姻的基礎是信任。

【思維拓展】

on the basis of 在某事的基礎上;根據某事;on a regular basis 定期地,經常地;on a daily basis 每天;base... on / upon... 以……為基礎;be based on / upon 以……為基礎

2. apologise vi. 道歉;謝罪(also apologize)

【經典例句】

I apologise for having taken too much of your time. 我為占用你很多時間而表示歉意。

We would like to apologise for the delay in answering your letter. 耽誤了給您的回信,對此我們向您道歉。

They do not have the courage to apologise for their actions. 他們沒有勇氣為自己的行為道歉。

【思維拓展】

apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 為(做)某事而向某人道歉;make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)……向某人道歉;offer sb. an apology =offer an apology to sb. 主動向某人道歉;accept / refuse sb.s apology 接受/ 拒絕某人的道歉;demand an apology 要求道歉;owe sb. an apology=owe an apology to sb. 應該向某人道歉

3. judge vt. & vi. 評價;評判;判斷 n. 法官;審判員;裁判員

【經典例句】

Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time. 從她上封信來看,他們過得非常愉快。

The judge ordered the return of the child to his mother. 法官命令將孩子送還給他的母親。

I find it hard to judge of my own work. 我覺得很難判斷自己的工作如何。

【思維拓展】

judging by / from... 根據……判斷;judging from ones accent 從某人的口音判斷;as far as I can judge 據我判斷;Never judge a person by their looks. 不要以貌取人。in ones judgment在某人看來;reserve ones judgment 保留某人的看法

4. scene n. (戲劇或歌劇的)場;現場;場面;景色

【經典例句】

She was seen running away from the scene of the crime. 有人看見她從犯罪現場跑開。

By the time I arrived on the scene, it was all over. 我來到現場時,一切都已結束。

The moving scene remains fresh in my memory. 動人情景猶在心目。

【思維拓展】

on the scene 在現場;the scene of the accident 事故現場;a wide range of street scenes各樣街景

【易混辨析】

scene, view, sight與scenery的區(qū)別:

scene指展現在眼前的情景,也可以指scenery的一部分,大多包括景物中的人及活動在內;view常指從某個位置或角度所看到的景色,還可表示“觀點”;sight既可以指場景、眼前看到的景觀,也可以指名勝、風景。在表示“名勝、風景”時,用復數形式;scenery指某地總的自然風光或景色,尤指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色。

5. normal adj. 典型的;正常的;一般的;精神正常的n. 常態(tài);通常標準;一般水平

【經典例句】

Her temperature is normal. 她的體溫正常。

We will go back to normal when things calm down. 事態(tài)平息之后,我們將一切如常。

We can start living a normal life again now. 我們現在可以重新過上正常的生活了。

【思維拓展】

It is normal (for sb.) to do sth. (對某人來說)做某事是正常的;be back to normal / return to normal 恢復正常;above / below normal 通常標準之上/ 之下

【易混辨析】

normal, common, ordinary與usual的區(qū)別:

normal 意為“正常的”;common 指“共有的,共同的,常見的”,反義詞為rare;ordinary 意為“普通的,平淡無奇的”,指沒有什么特別的地方;usual 意為“平常的,通常的,一向的”,含慣例之意。

6. to be honest 說實話;坦率地說

【經典例句】

To be honest, I just dont want to go. 說心里話,我真不想去。

To be honest, I dont think we have a chance of winning. 說實話,我認為我們沒有獲勝的可能。

To be honest, it was one of the worst books Ive ever read. 說實在的,那是我讀過的最差的書之一。

【思維拓展】

honestly speaking 老實說;to tell (you) the truth 實話說;to be frank = frankly speaking坦白地說;to be exact =exactly speaking 確切地說;to make matters worse 更糟的是

7. in return 作為回報;作為回應

【經典例句】

Tom select a ring to send to his friend in return. 作為回報,湯姆精選了一枚戒指送給他的朋友。

What did you give him in return? 你給他什么作為報答呢?

I gave her some roses in return for her kindness. 我給了她一些玫瑰花以報答她的善意。

【思維拓展】

in return for 作為對……的回報 / 報答/ 交換;return to normal 恢復正常;the return flight 返程航班;the return journey 回程;upon ones return home 某人一回到家;the return of a wallet 歸還錢包

【易混辨析】

in return與in turn的區(qū)別:

in return意為“作為回報;作為回應”;in turn意為“依次;輪流”。

8. draw a conclusion 得出結論

【經典例句】

It is difficult to draw a conclusion without enough evidence. 沒有足夠的證據很難做出決定。

Ill ask your opinions before drawing a conclusion. 下結論之前我想聽聽各位的意見。

We drew a conclusion that their decision was wrong. 我們得出結論,他們的決定是錯誤的。

【思維拓展】

draw a conclusion =come to / arrive at / reach a conclusion 得出結論;jump to conclusions 匆忙/貿然下結論;make a conclusion 下結論;bring the discussion to a conclusion 結束討論;in conclusion 最后,總之;conclude with / by... 以……結束

9. be about to do sth. 即將/正要(做某事)

【經典例句】

I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door. 我正要出去,這時有人敲門。

I was just about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要離開時,電話鈴響了。

We had just started our work when the machine broke down. 我們才剛剛開始工作,這時機器就壞了。

【思維拓展】

be about to do... 表示“即將發(fā)生的動作”,不與表示時間的副詞或其他時間狀語連用,常用于be about to do... when... 意為“將要做……這時……”。

10. in case 以防;以防萬一

【經典例句】

Ill stay around in case you need me. 我就待在這兒,也許你用得著我。

Leave your key with a neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day. 給鄰居留把鑰匙,以防有朝一日你把自己反鎖在外面。

Take your umbrella in case it rains. 帶上你的雨傘以防下雨。

【思維拓展】

in case of 假使;in case of fire 如遇起火;in case of emergency 在緊急情況下;in most cases 在多數情況下;in no case 決不(置于句首,句子用倒裝);in any case 無論如何,不管怎樣;in this case 既然這樣,假使這樣的話;in that case 既然那樣;假使那樣的話;as is often the case 情況經常是這樣的;Its not the case. 事實并非如此。

【即學即練】

根據所給漢語提示完成句子,每空一詞。

1. ____ ____ (說實話), we had lots of fun along the way.

2. ____ ____ (從……來判斷) what he said, we could tell that he was an honest man.

3. ____ ____ ____ (絕不) can I lose this important match.

4. I ____ ____ ____ (正要) get out of the room when the door was opened.

5. ____ ____ (總之), walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.

6. The decision ____ ____ ____ (以……為基礎) the theory.

7. I dont know what to give you ____ ____ ____ (回報) your care.

8. By the time I arrived ____ ____ ____ (現場), it was all over.

9. The bus service ____ ____ ____ (回到正常) after the strike yesterday.

10. He ____ ____ ____ ____ (向……道歉) his teacher for being late.

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