柏元哲 周堯

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

Four?Best?Inspirational?Books?for?Teens

The?6?Most?Important?Decisions?Youll?Ever?Make

Also?the?author?of“The?7?Habits?of?Highly?Effective?Teens，”Sean?Covey?uses?his?expertise?in?this?book?as?well，?showing?teens?how?to?make?smart?choices?regarding?the?six?most?important?points?theyll?face?during?their?teenage?years.

He?uses?real-life?stories?to?show?teens?how?to?succeed?in?school，?make?good?friends，?get?along?with?parents，?build?self-confidence，?and?more.?Besides，?Covey?uses?cartoons?to?keep?teens?interested.

Do?Your?Best?Forget?the?Rest

The?teen?who?loves?to?doodle（亂寫(xiě)亂畫(huà)）will?probably?get?pleasure?from?this?motivational?coloring?book.

Readers?can?color?the?background?pictures?while?reading?over?30?mottos?that?provide?a?little?inspiration?for?everyday?life.?In?this?book?there?are?two?copies?of?every?picture，?so?they?can?be?shared.?Whats?more，?coloring?has?been?proven?to?help?decrease?stress?and?increase?relaxation，?so?your?teen?can?get?relaxed?while?using?the?book.

What?Color?Is?Your?Parachute（降落傘）？

Designed?to?help?high?school?and?college?students?zero?in?on?their?favorite?skills?and?find?their?perfect?major?or?career，?the?book?includes?activities?and?advice?on?information?interviewing，?social?media，?internships，?and?more.

A?school?teacher?said?they?bought?a?copy?of?this?book?for?each?of?their?students?and?they?find?the?material?helpful?and?engaging.

The?Power?of?Positive?Thinking

Making?any?big?decision?or?getting?through?any?difficult?stage?of?life?usually?boils?down?to?one?thing：?thinking?positively.?This?book?has?sold?over?five?million?times?thanks?to?its?helpful?tips?on?finding?a?fulfilling，?happy?life.

The?objectives?of?the?book?include?getting?people?to?believe?in?themselves，?developing?the?power?to?reach?their?goals，?and?improving?personal?relationships.

1.?What?does?Sean?Covey?use?to?arouse?teensinterest?in?his?book？

A.?Motivational?mottos. B.?Amusing?drawings.

C.?Real-life?stories. D.?Personal?experiences.

2.?Which?book?should?you?read?if?you?are?choosing?your?major？

A.?What?Color?Is?Your?Parachute？

B.?Do?Your?Best?Forget?the?Rest.

C.?The?7?Habits?of?Highly?Effective?Teens.

D.?The?6?Most?Important?Decisions?Youll?Ever?Make.

3.?What?made?The?Power?of?Positive?Thinking?sell?in?large?quantity？

A.?Complex?plots.?????B.?Affordable?price.

C.?Beneficial?suggestions.??D.?Powerful?personal?ties.

B

When?you?lose?something?important?to?you，?it?can?be?like?trying?to?find?a?needle?in?a?haystac（干草堆）.?Thats?how?it?was?for?Loving?Bridge?when?a?trip?to?a?clinic?turned?into?a?search?to?find?her?wallet.

Loving?Bridge?visited?a?clinic?to?pick?up?a?prescription?for?her?mother.?She?guessed?when?she?was?leaving，?she?dropped?her?wallet?somehow?in?the?parking?lot.?It?had?her?money，?drivers?license?and?insurance?cards.?Reality?set?in?when?she?got?home，?so?she?came?back?up?there.?Nobody?had?returned?it?and?she?looked?high?and?low?in?the?clinic.

David?Coghill?brought?his?aunt?to?the?clinic?so?she?could?get?her?prescription.?As?they?were?getting?back?out，?he?put?her?in?the?passenger?side?of?the?truck?and?he?walked?around?the?truck?and?saw?a?pink?purse.?Coghill?picked?up?the?wallet?and?tried?to?find?contact?information?for?the?owner.?He?saw?the?name?Loving?and?her?name?was?on?the?drivers?license.?So，?then?he?followed?that?name?back?to?her?mother.

“Coghill?somehow?got?my?mothers?telephone?number?and?called?her，?and?she?told?me?that?somebody?had?found?my?wallet，”Loving?Bridge?said.?They?met?up?and?the?wallet?was?returned–with?everything?inside.?Bridge?wanted?to?take?it?a?step?further?to?show?her?appreciation.

“I?reached?out?to?Channel?12?for?your?act?of?kindness，?and?I?wanted?to?give?you?this?$300?and?a?gift?card?to?Mexico?Restaurant?for?your?act?of?kindness?of?finding?my?wallet?and?returning?it?because?without?that?wallet...my?whole?life?was?in?that?wallet，”Bridge?said.

David?Coghill?declined?Bridges?offer，?saying“Its?hard?to?find?honest?people?this?day，?but?I?hope?everybody?does?the?same?thing?in?life.”

4.?Why?did?Bridge?come?to?the?clinic?for?the?second?time？

A.?To?leave?her?information.

B.?To?pay?for?the?prescription.

C.?To?meet?with?David?Coghill.

D.?To?search?for?her?lost?wallet.

5.?How?did?Bridge?get?her?lost?wallet？

A.?The?police?helped?handed?it?over?to?her.

B.?The?owner?was?wanted?in?a?TV?program.

C.?Her?mother?received?it?from?David?Coghill.

D.?It?was?returned?to?the?clinic?and?they?called?her.

6.?What?can?we?infer?about?the?wallet?from?what?Bridge?said?in?Paragraph?5？

A.?It?means?a?lot?to?her.???B.?It?contains?over?$300.

C.?It?is?pink?and?valuable.???D.?It?has?insurance?cards.

7.?Which?can?be?the?best?title?for?the?text？

A.?Gratitude?is?the?best?quality.

B.?A?kind?act?will?be?rewarded.

C.?The?pleasure?of?doing?good.

D.?An?authentic?story?of?honesty.

C

After?waking?up?feeling?groggy（昏昏沉沉的），?the?immediate?thing?for?most?of?us?to?do?is?reach?for?a?cup?of?coffee.?While?this?daily?caffeine?hit?certainly?works?in?lifting?your?spirits，?new?research?suggests?that?may?not?actually?improve?cognition（認(rèn)知），?leaving?you?open?to?still?making?errors?due?to?lack?of?sleep.

The?study，?involving?276?participants，?compared?the?ability?to?complete?tasks?of?varying?difficulty?once?while?awake，?and?then?once?again?later?when?they?had?either?stayed?awake?all?night?or?gone?to?sleep.?Some?of?the?participants?were?given?a?high?amount?of?caffeine（200?milligrams）?before?completing?the?second?task?while?others?were?given?a?placebo（安慰劑），?and?the?results?were?compared?to?see?whether?caffeine?would?cancel?the?damage?from?lack?of?sleep.

“We?found?lack?of?sleep?damaged?performance?on?both?types?of?tasks?and?that?having?caffeine?helped?people?successfully?achieve?the?easier?task.?However，?it?had?little?effect?on?performance?on?the?place-keeping?task?for?most?participants，”P(pán)rofessor?Kimberly?Fenn，?one?of?the?studys?authors，?said?in?a?statement.“Caffeine?may?improve?the?ability?to?stay?awake?and?attend?to?a?task，?but?it?doesnt?do?much?to?prevent?the?sort?of?procedural?errors.”

It?is?currently?unclear?why?lack?of?sleep?impacts?cognitive?tasks.?It?is?well?documented?that?lack?of?sleep?results?in?poorer?working?memory，?attention，?and?decision-making，?meaning?it?is?vital?for?individuals?to?get?their?beauty?sleep.?This?is?particularly?true?for?doctors，?whose?long?working?hours?and?stressful?conditions?make?it?difficult?to?have?adequate?sleep?for?life-threatening?operations.?Studies?have?discovered?higher?death?rate?during?operation?after-hours?compared?to?morning?operations.?The?results?show?that?caffeine?may?not?be?an?effective?solution?to?fighting?this，?but?it?could?seriously?impact?the?attitude?towards?quality?sleep.

This?study?doesnt?say?that?caffeine?is?useless，?however.?It?was?extremely?helpful?in?pushing?the?participants?to?complete?their?tasks?and?it?only?looked?at?a?limited?set?of?tasks.?It?is?possible，?therefore，?that?caffeine?can?help?in?areas?not?looked?at?by?the?study，?but?that?would?require?further?investigation.

8.?What?is?Paragraph?2?mainly?about？

A.?The?purpose?of?the?study.

B.?The?procedures?of?the?study.

C.?The?application?of?the?study.

D.?The?requirements?of?the?study.

9.?Which?of?the?following?is?the?effect?of?caffeine？

A.?It?makes?up?for?lack?of?sleep.

B.?It?helps?avoid?the?same?mistakes.

C.?It?keeps?one?awake?and?focused.

D.?It?can?improve?ones?intelligence.

10.?Why?quality?sleep?is?especially?important?for?doctors？

A.?They?usually?work?longer?at?night.

B.?They?should?set?a?good?example?for?us.

C.?Their?health?has?been?ignored?for?long.

D.?Their?work?directly?involves?life-security.

11.?What?does“it”underlined?in?the?last?paragraph?refer?to？

A.?The?study.??????????????B.?Caffeine.

C.?Quality?sleep.??????????D.?The?attitude?to?sleep.

D

A?robotic?arm?with?a?sense?of?touch?has?allowed?paralyzed（癱瘓的）Nathan?Copeland?to?quickly?perform?tasks?like?pouring?water?from?one?cup?into?another.

Previous?versions?of?the?arm?required?Copeland?to?guide?the?arm?using?vision?alone.“When?I?only?had?visual?feedback，?I?could?see?that?the?hand?had?touched?the?object，”Copeland?says.?“But?sometimes?I?would?go?to?pick?it?up?and?it?would?fall?out.”

“Tactile（觸覺(jué)的）?information?is?important?for?using?a?robotic?arm?because?its?hard?to?grasp?an?object?you?cant?feel，”says?Jennifer?Collinger，?an?associate?professor?at?the?University?of?Pittsburgh.“Even?something?simple?like?picking?up?a?cup?and?trying?to?maintain?the?appropriate?amount?of?pressure?as?you?move?it?to?another?location，?relies?a?lot?on?the?tactile?feedback?from?your?hand，”she?says.?So?Collinger?and?her?team?have?spent?years?working?with?Copeland?to?add?tactile?feedback?to?a?robotic?arm.?He?has?learned?to?control?the?moves?of?the?robotic?arm?using?a?brain-computer?interface（接口）.

The?team?began?by?placing?electrodes（電極）in?an?area?of?Copelands?brain?that?processes?tactile?information.?That?allowed?them?to?use?electrical?pulses?to?excite?a?range?of?sensations.“It?turned?out?that?exciting?in?the?fingertip-related?areas?in?the?brain?produced?sensations?that?felt?like?they?were?coming?from?Copelands?own?hand，”Collinger?says.?Next，?the?team?figured?out?how?to?make?those?signals?when?the?robotic?arm?made?contact?with?something.?The?final?step?was?to?time?Copeland?as?he?performed?tasks?like?picking?up?a?block?or?pouring?water，?with?and?without?tactile?feedback.?The?results?showed?that?Copeland?could?perform?some?manual?tasks?roughly?as?fast?as?a?person?using?their?own?hand.

Collinger?says，?when?her?own?hand?touches?something，“I?feel?the?pressure，?I?feel?the?slip，?I?feel?whether?the?object?is?wet?or?dry，?I?can?feel?the?texture?of?it，?I?know?whether?its?rough，?whether?its?smooth.”Scientists?are?just?beginning?to?learn?how?to?make?artificial?hands?and?fingers?that?can?detect?these?subtle?features.?And?as?robotic?arms?provide?more?tactile?feedback，?they?will?become?more?useful.

12.?What?is?the?disadvantage?of?Nathan?Copelands?former?artificial?arms？

A.?Doing?simple?tasks.

B.?Relying?on?sight?only.

C.?Falling?apart?frequently.

D.?Requiring?a?guide?to?support.

13.?What?is?the?purpose?of?Collingers?years?of?working?with?Copeland？

A.?To?control?Copelands?moves.

B.?To?give?his?artificial?arm?sense?of?touch.

C.?To?study?the?root?of?Copelands?disability.

D.?To?compare?a?robotic?arms?with?a?human?arm.

14.?Why?did?Collingers?team?put?electrodes?in?Copelands?brain？

A.?To?strengthen?signals.

B.?To?receive?information.

C.?To?promote?blood?circulation.

D.?To?produce?electrical?pulses.

15.?What?is?the?future?of?robotic?arms？

A.?Unstable.??????B.?Worrying.

C.?Promising.???????D.?Controversial.

答案與點(diǎn)撥

（A）本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，向青少年推薦了4本勵(lì)志書(shū)籍。

1.?B?信息題。由第二段最后一句“Besides，?Covey?uses?cartoons?to?keep?teens?interested.”可知，Covey在書(shū)中使用卡通來(lái)吸引青少年的閱讀興趣，故選B項(xiàng)。

3.?A?信息題。What?Color?Is?Your?Parachute？段落中的...and?find?their?perfect?major?or?career可知，選A項(xiàng)。

2.?C?信息題。由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“This?book?has?sold?over?five?million?times?thanks?to?its?helpful?tips?on?finding?a?fulfilling，?happy?life.”可知，這本書(shū)暢銷的主要原因是它提供了尋找幸福生活的建議，故選C項(xiàng)。

（B）本文講述Loving?Bridge去診所幫母親拿處方的時(shí)候，丟失了自己的錢(qián)包，David?Coghill發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)錢(qián)包，通過(guò)錢(qián)包里面的身份信息聯(lián)系上了Bridge母親，歸還了這個(gè)錢(qián)包。

4.?D?細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段“...she?came?back?up?there.?Nobody?had?returned?it?and?she?looked?high?and?low?in?the?clinic.”可知，Bridge第二次去這家診所是為了尋找丟失的錢(qián)包，故選D項(xiàng)。

5.?C?細(xì)節(jié)題。由倒數(shù)第三段信息可知，Coghill電話聯(lián)系Bridge的母親，并和她見(jiàn)面轉(zhuǎn)交錢(qián)包，故選C項(xiàng)。

6.?A?推斷題。由第五段Bridge所說(shuō)的“because?without?that?wallet?...?my?whole?life?was?in?that?wallet”可知，這個(gè)錢(qián)包對(duì)她非常重要，故選A項(xiàng)。

7.?D?主旨題。本文講述了David?Coghill發(fā)現(xiàn)并主動(dòng)歸還Loving?Bridge丟失的一個(gè)錢(qián)包的故事。體現(xiàn)了Coghill的誠(chéng)實(shí)、善良。故選D項(xiàng)。

（C）本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，咖啡可以提神，但是卻不能提高認(rèn)知能力。

8.?B?段意題。第二段介紹了研究的過(guò)程，故選B項(xiàng)。

9.?C?細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段最后一句“Caffeine?may?improve?the?ability?to?stay?awake?and?attend?to?a?task...”可知，C項(xiàng)正確。

10.?D?細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段“whose?long?working?hours?and?stressful?conditions?make?it?difficult?to?have?adequate?sleep?for?life-threatening?operations.?Studies?have?discovered?higher?death?rate?during?operation?after-hours?compared?to?morning?operations.”可知，充足的睡眠之所以對(duì)醫(yī)生重要，是因?yàn)槭中g(shù)的時(shí)候醫(yī)生的睡眠情況直接關(guān)乎病人的生命，故選D項(xiàng)。

11.?A?指代題。結(jié)合最后一段大意可知，“it”指的是此項(xiàng)研究，故選A項(xiàng)。

（D）本文介紹了科學(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)，成功地讓機(jī)器手臂有了觸覺(jué)。

12.?B?細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第一句“Previous?versions?of?the?arm?required?Copeland?to?guide?the?arm?using?vision?alone.”可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

13.?B?細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句“So?Collinger?and?her?team?have?spent?years?working?with?Copeland?to?add?tactile?feedback?to?a?robotic?arm.”可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

14.?D?細(xì)節(jié)題。由第四段第二句“That?allowed?them?to?use?electrical?pulses?to?excite?a?range?of?sensations.”可知，在Copeland大腦中放置電極的目的是產(chǎn)生能夠激活感官的電脈沖。故選D項(xiàng)。

15.?C?推斷題。由最后一段最后一句“And?as?robotic?arms?provide?more?tactile?feedback，?they?will?become?more?useful.”可知，未來(lái)機(jī)器手臂會(huì)越來(lái)越有用。故選C項(xiàng)。

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青