孟書云 邵立 殷磊磊 劉漢忠 陳桂
摘要:工藝課程實(shí)驗(yàn)是為智能制造工程專業(yè)設(shè)立的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課所必需的重要基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)。針對(duì)智能制造背景下對(duì)生產(chǎn)加工工藝提出的新要求,遵循“以成果為導(dǎo)向”的OBE教學(xué)理念,建立模擬智能制造動(dòng)態(tài)化生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的教學(xué)場(chǎng)景,使學(xué)生能全身心融入生產(chǎn)工藝制定的沉浸式學(xué)習(xí)氛圍,充分了解國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)工藝并將之融合到加工中,能靈活地根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況及時(shí)調(diào)整生產(chǎn)工藝,進(jìn)而能在設(shè)計(jì)性實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)提出的多種制造工藝方案擇優(yōu)。該環(huán)節(jié)的順利實(shí)施,可以充分鍛煉學(xué)生的自主思考能力,供學(xué)生體驗(yàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)工藝產(chǎn)出過程,收獲可行且優(yōu)質(zhì)的最終加工工藝,并為后續(xù)智能制造系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化的實(shí)現(xiàn)奠定扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞:智能制造;工藝課程實(shí)驗(yàn);場(chǎng)景教學(xué)
中圖分類號(hào):G642? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1009-3044(2021)26-0233-02
開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):
Exploration and Research of Process Course Experiments for Intelligent Manufacturing
MENG Shu-yun, SHAO Li, YIN Lei-lei, LIU Han-zhong, CHEN Gui
(Department of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering, School of Automation, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China)
Abstract: The process course experiment is an important basic experiment for the specialized basic course of intelligent manufacturing engineering. According to these new requirements of manufacturing process under the background of intelligent manufacturing, based on the OBE teaching concept of"the results of goal-oriented ", the teaching scene of simulating the dynamic production site of intelligent manufacturing is established, which enables students to fully integrate into the immersive learning atmosphere of production process formulation. And students can fully understand the advanced production process at home and abroad and integrate it into the processing, and flexibly adjust the production process in time according to the on-site situation.Then the students can select the most optimal one among multiple manufacturing process schemes proposed in the design experiment.The successful implementation of this link can fully exercise the students' independent thinking ability, which makes our students experience the procedure of high-quality process outputs, and obtain the feasible and high-quality final production process. This will lay a solid foundation for the subsequent realization of intelligent manufacturing system automation.
Key words: intelligent manufacturing; experiment of process course; scene teaching
課程實(shí)驗(yàn)是將理論知識(shí)具象化的一個(gè)重要手段,對(duì)提高大學(xué)生對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的感性認(rèn)識(shí)頗為關(guān)鍵。為適應(yīng)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)需要而設(shè)立的智能制造工程專業(yè),肩負(fù)著培養(yǎng)智能制造所需的合格及優(yōu)秀人才的重任。如何設(shè)置與制造業(yè)升級(jí)相匹配的工藝課程實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目和內(nèi)容,決定著專業(yè)人才的培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量、大學(xué)生對(duì)理論知識(shí)的深刻領(lǐng)會(huì)和應(yīng)用能力。
關(guān)于工藝課程實(shí)驗(yàn)等實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)置,有很多值得向各大高校繼承和借鑒的。比如:從基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握和能力的培養(yǎng)來看,傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械加工制造技術(shù)及工藝的實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)設(shè)置得較為完備和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化[1-4]。關(guān)于新的生產(chǎn)工藝和生產(chǎn)設(shè)備出現(xiàn)后,如何引入到課程教學(xué)中來,可以看到有高校做了積極的改革,即通過恰當(dāng)?shù)纳a(chǎn)設(shè)備實(shí)驗(yàn)室化,將工藝濃縮在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的產(chǎn)線中,來革除傳統(tǒng)的演示性、驗(yàn)證性實(shí)驗(yàn)的弊端,充分調(diào)動(dòng)了學(xué)生的動(dòng)手動(dòng)腦積極性,人才培養(yǎng)條件與生產(chǎn)實(shí)際更為貼近[5]。
1 現(xiàn)有實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)存在的問題
從往年加工制造技術(shù)課程群教學(xué)調(diào)研情況來看,同學(xué)們難以將理論知識(shí)、基本概念運(yùn)用到工藝規(guī)程的設(shè)計(jì)中,對(duì)基本概念的領(lǐng)悟不夠透徹,沒有建立起相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)間的聯(lián)系。結(jié)合智能制造的特點(diǎn)和制造業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài),通過了解機(jī)械加工制造技術(shù)及工藝課程的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置的情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前公開的實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)對(duì)指定零件的加工方案做了深入挖掘;但從企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)的角度來看,生產(chǎn)工藝涉及的因素眾多,不僅僅局限在如何把一個(gè)零件制造出來上,還要考慮生產(chǎn)效率、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、制造成本,甚至是生產(chǎn)空間的規(guī)劃,物流配送的便捷性等。這種傳統(tǒng)的工藝規(guī)劃課程實(shí)驗(yàn)是基于靜態(tài)的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)和狀況設(shè)置的,但實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)過程中各要素不斷處于動(dòng)態(tài)變化中,很明顯傳統(tǒng)工藝規(guī)劃方式無法將動(dòng)態(tài)因素納入生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)實(shí)中,不再適應(yīng)未來制造新業(yè)態(tài)。隨著工業(yè)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、傳感器技術(shù)、數(shù)字化信息化網(wǎng)絡(luò)化技術(shù)在工業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的逐步推廣和大范圍應(yīng)用,動(dòng)態(tài)的、精準(zhǔn)的工藝規(guī)劃方式成為解決傳統(tǒng)方式弊端的一個(gè)突破點(diǎn)。