在英語中,當(dāng)我們陳述了一個(gè)事實(shí),提出某種看法或建議,需要得到對方的贊同與否,我們通常會在陳述句后面加上一個(gè)簡短的問句,這種句子就叫作“反意疑問句”,又叫“附加疑問句”。反意疑問句是疑問句的一種。本文將對英語中反意疑問句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)及常見類型舉例分析,并配以相應(yīng)的練習(xí),以期對英語學(xué)習(xí)者有所幫助。
一、反意疑問句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及回答
反意疑問句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)是:陳述句+對前部分的簡短反問。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)又可以細(xì)分為以下兩種情況:
1.肯定陳述句+否定形式的疑問。例如:
They are from America, aren't they?
2.否定陳述句+肯定形式的疑問。例如:
The computer doesn't work, does it?
簡而言之,反意疑問句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)是“前面肯定,則后面否定;前面否定,則后面肯定”。不管反意疑問句的附加疑問句是肯定形式還是否定形式,譯成中文時(shí)都可以翻譯成“是嗎?”“對嗎?”“不是嗎?”“不對嗎?”“是不是?”或“對不對?”。
但是,在回答反意疑問句時(shí),應(yīng)特別注意不能用中文思維,更不能僅憑中文字面意思來譯成英文。試比較下列兩組對話。
第一組:
(1) A: It is very cold today, isn't it?
甲:今天天氣很冷,是不是?
B: Yes, it is.
乙:是的,今天很冷。
(2) A: It is very cold today, isn't it?
甲:今天天氣很冷,是不是?
B: No, it isn't.
乙:不,今天天氣不是很冷。
第二組:
(1) A: It isn't very cold today, is it?
甲:今天天氣不是很冷,不是嗎?
B: Yes, it is.
乙:不,今天天氣很冷。
(2) A: It isn't very cold today, is it?
甲:今天天氣不是很冷,不是嗎?
B: No, it isn't.
乙:是的,今天天氣不是很冷。
練習(xí)(一):選擇正確的選項(xiàng)填空。
1. The bread is yummy,________it?
A. is""" B. isn't
2. She didn't pass the exam,________she?
A. didn't""" B. did
練習(xí)(二):將下列句子譯成英語。
1.李明不喜歡那件T恤衫,是不是?
是的,他不喜歡。
2.你明天將去上海,是不是?
不,我不去。
二、反意疑問句的特征
1.前后人稱和數(shù)需保持一致。例如:
The tree is taller and taller, isn't it?
這棵樹長得越來越高,是不是?
這句話中,前面的主語“the tree”是第三人稱單數(shù),后面的“it”也是第三人稱單數(shù)。
These students are going to leave school tomorrow, aren't they?
這些學(xué)生明天離校,是不是?
這句話中,前面的主語“these students”是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù),后面的“they”也是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)。
2.前后時(shí)態(tài)需一致。例如:
Jenny went to the supermarket, didn't she?
珍妮去超市了,是不是?
這句話中,前面的謂語動(dòng)詞“went”用的是一般過去時(shí),后面的助動(dòng)詞也是用的一般過去時(shí)的否定形式“didn't”。
練習(xí)(三):完成下列句子。
1. The pool girl lost her purse, didn't________?
2. Zhang Ming will visit Suzhou next month,________he?
三、反意疑問句的運(yùn)用
1.當(dāng)陳述句部分出現(xiàn)be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞時(shí),附加疑問句和回答中仍套用這些詞。例如:
A: The students are playing basketball on the playground, aren't they?
B: Yes, they are.
甲:那些學(xué)生正在操場上打籃球,是不是?
乙:是的。
又如:
A: Tom and his father can't swim, can they?
B: No, they can't.
甲:湯姆和他的父親不會游泳,是嗎?
乙:是的,他們不會游泳。
練習(xí)(四):選擇正確的選項(xiàng)填空。
Your sister doesn't get up early,________?
A. is she B. does she
2.當(dāng)陳述句部分出現(xiàn)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),附加疑問句和回答中需要根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)選擇相應(yīng)的詞語。例如:
A: The girl wrote a letter to her father last night, didn't she?
B: Yes, she did.
甲:那個(gè)女孩昨晚給她父親寫了一封信,是不是?
乙:是的。
練習(xí)(五):完成下列句子。
1. The man left his hometown at 15 years old,________he?
2. The child drinks milk every day,________he?
3.當(dāng)陳述句部分是“There be”句型時(shí),附加疑問句用“be there?”。例如
There are some grapes in the basket, aren't there?
籃子里有一些葡萄,是不是?
練習(xí)(六):完成下列句子。
There is enough time to deal with the problem,________?
4.當(dāng)陳述句部分主語是this或that時(shí),附加疑問句主語用it;當(dāng)陳述句部分主語是these或those時(shí),附加疑問句主語用they。例如:
This is the first day of January, isn't it?
今天十一月份的第一天,是不是?
Those aren't your friends, are they?
那些人并不是你的朋友,是吧?
練習(xí)(七):完成下列句子。
This is your computer, isn't________?
5.當(dāng)陳述句是“Let's ...”時(shí),附加疑問句用“shall we?”。當(dāng)陳述句是“Let us ...”時(shí),附加疑問句用“will you?”或“won't we?”。例如:
Let's go to the park, shall we?
我們?nèi)ス珗@,好嗎?
Let us buy something to eat, will you?
我們?nèi)ベI些東西吃吧?
練習(xí)(八):選擇正確的選項(xiàng)填空。
1. Let's have some drinks together,________?
A. shall we B. will you
2. Let us solve the problem step by step,""" ?
A. shall we B. will you
6.當(dāng)陳述句是“I am...”時(shí),附加疑問句用“aren't I?”。例如:
I am late, aren't I?
我遲到了,是不是?
7.當(dāng)陳述句中帶有hardly, seldom, never, few, little等表示否定或半否定意思的副詞時(shí),句子具有否定的含義,因此附加疑問句需用肯定形式。例如:
Few people know this kind of plant, do they?
沒有幾個(gè)人知道這種植物,是不是?
We had never met before, had we?
我們此前從未見過,是不是?
但是,如果陳述句中出現(xiàn)impossible, unhappy等帶有否定前綴的形容詞時(shí),則依然將陳述句看作肯定句,附加疑問句依然用否定形式。例如:
Your mom is unhappy, isn't she?
你媽媽不開心,是吧?
練習(xí)(九):選擇正確的選項(xiàng)填空。
1. She seldom visits her parents,________?
A. does she""" B. doesn't she
2. They dislike the idea,________?
A. do they""" B. don't they
8.當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語是everybody, somebody, no one, every-one, someone, nobody時(shí),附加疑問句的主語都用“they”。例如:
Everybody knows his name, don't they?
人人都知道他的名字,是吧?
Nobody came to watch that show, didn't they?
沒有人來看那場演出,是嗎?
練習(xí)(十):選擇正確的選項(xiàng)填空。
1. Someone told me the secret,________?
A. did they""" B. didn't they
2. No one wants to go to that theatre,________?
A. do they""" B. don't they
9.當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時(shí),附加疑問句的主語都用“it”。例如:
Everything seems all right now, doesn't it?
一切似乎正常,對吧?
Something is wrong, isn't it?
什么地方出了差錯(cuò),是不是?
練習(xí)(十一):選擇正確的選項(xiàng)填空。
Something must be done to protect the earth,________?
A. mustn't it""" B. isn't it
10.當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語是“one”時(shí),附加疑問句在正式場合用“one”,在非正式場合可以用“you”。例如:
One cannot always do whatever he wants, can one?
人不可隨心所欲,對不對?
One shouldn't waste food, should one / should he?
任何人都不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)食品,是不是?
11.當(dāng)陳述句部分有“must”時(shí),如果must表示“一定、必須”,附加疑問句用“mustn't”或“needn't”;如果“mustn't”表示“禁止”,附加疑問句用“must”。例如:
She mustn't go home right now, must she?
她現(xiàn)在并非必須回家,是不是?
Students mustn't smoke, must they?
學(xué)生不得抽煙,對不對?
練習(xí)(十二):完成下列句子。
1. You must leave now,________you?
2. You mustn't swim in a river,________you?