張嵐

文學(xué)是藝術(shù)的主要表現(xiàn)形式之一。文學(xué)的分類較多，小說、紀(jì)實(shí)文學(xué)、詩歌和戲劇，都是文學(xué)的重要類型。

1?Like?other?art?forms，?literature?is?classified?into?four?main?literary?genres—fiction，?non?fiction，?poetry，?and?plays.

●Fiction

2?The?most?popular?literary?genre?nowadays?is?fiction.?Fiction，?in?literature，?is?any?work?that?is?created?by?the?imagination，?or?in?other?words，?not?real.?These?stories?may?be?based?on?real?events?or?persons，?but?most?of?them?have?been?altered.?Fiction?often?includes?novels?and?short?stories.?Fiction?focuses?on?the?narrative?（敘述）?and?the?meanings?from?their?authors.?Here，?the?art?of?storytelling?is?most?important，?which?consists?of?the?plot，?setting，?characters，?conflict，?and?theme.

●Creative?non?fiction

3?This?literary?genre?is?the?opposite?of?fiction，?although?they?are?very?similar?in?terms?of?components?（成分）?and?their?usage?of?storytelling?techniques.?Creative?non?fiction?makes?use?of?stories，?people，?or?events?that?really?happened.?The?strain?for?most?writers?of?creative?non?fiction?is?the?need?to?be?100%?true?to?the?facts—they?cannot?alter?any?minor?detail.?In?fact，?the?only?detail?non?fiction?writers?can?change?is?the?names?of?the?characters?or?places?to?protect?the?people?involved.?Creative?non?fiction?includes?personal?narrative?essays，?biographies，?autobiographies?or?memoirs，?and?literary?journalism.

●Poetry

4?Probably?poetry?is?the?oldest?literary?genre，?dating?back?to?prehistoric?times?when?it?was?still?part?of?oral?tradition.?Due?to?its?origin?in?oral?tradition，?poetry?is?characterized?by?meter?and?rhyme.?Over?time，?different?styles?and?schools?of?poetry?developed.?And，?from?having?a?strict?meter?and?rhyme，?contemporary?poems?developed?to?free?verse，?which?is?characterized?by?their?rhythm?and?sound.72232DEF-F64D-401B-8CE7-D6C5B9B553A3

●Plays

5?The?play?is?the?most?elusive?of?literary?genres?which?often?goes?beyond?our?understanding.?Being?a?performance，?there?is?no?sole?creator?to?which?we?can?ascribe?（歸因于）?its?greatness?or?failure.?It?is?a?cooperation?between?the?playwright，?the?director，?the?light?technician，?the?costume?designer，?actors，?and?at?times?even?the?audience.?Plays?primarily?make?use?of?dialogues?between?characters，?so?the?stage?direction?and?acting?are?important?components.?Today，?plays?continue?to?be?staged?all?around?the?world，?but?another?version?has?appeared—films，?which?use?similar?elements?as?plays?but?are?executed?differently.

Ⅰ.?Choose?the?best?answers?according?to?the?text

Detail???1.?What?do?fiction?and?creative?non?fiction?have?in?common？

A.?Both?of?them?must?be?based?on?real?events.

B.?Both?of?them?focus?on?dialogues.

C.?Their?small?details?can?be?changed.

D.?Their?storytelling?skills?are?similar.

Inference???2.?Why?can?the?names?of?the?characters?in?creative?nonfiction?be?changed？

A.?To?simplify?its?process.?B.?To?appeal?to?readers.

C.?To?protect?privacy.?D.?To?arouse?sympathy.

Detail?????3.?Which?of?the?following?probably?has?the?longest?history？

A.?Plays.?B.?Poetry.

C.?Fiction.?D.?Creative?non?fiction.

Vocabulary???4.?What?does?the?underlined?word?“elusive”?in?the?last?paragraph?mean？

A.?Puzzling.?B.?Attractive.72232DEF-F64D-401B-8CE7-D6C5B9B553A3

C.?Cooperative.?D.?Professional.

Ⅱ.?Discussion

What?are?the?different?genres?of?literature？?Can?you?tell?their?differences？

Ⅰ.?Discover?useful?structures?in?the?text

1.?which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句

Here，?the?art?of?storytelling?is?most?important，?which?consists?of?the?plot，?setting，?characters，?conflict，?and?theme.?在這里，講故事的藝術(shù)是最重要的，它由情節(jié)、背景、人物、沖突和主題組成。

2.?although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

This?literary?genre?is?the?opposite?of?fiction，?although?they?are?very?similar?in?terms?of?components?and?their?usage?of?storytelling?techniques.?這種文學(xué)體裁與小說相反，盡管它們在組成部分和講故事的技巧的使用方面非常相似。

Ⅱ.?Memorize?some?text?centered?chunks

be?classified?into?分（類）為

in?other?words?換言之;換句話說;也就是說

be?based?on?基于;以……為基礎(chǔ)

focus?on?專注于;關(guān)注;聚焦于

consist?of?包括;由……組成

in?terms?of?依據(jù);從……角度看;根據(jù)……來說

make?use?of?使用;利用

date?back?to?追溯到

due?to?由于

all?around?the?world?全世界72232DEF-F64D-401B-8CE7-D6C5B9B553A3