了解城市規(guī)劃和建設(shè)的人們知道,山東省省會濟(jì)南是一座非常美麗的城市,有許多迷人的地方。其中,最為人們稱道的就是有泉水,有72名泉,是世界上少有的泉城。要說濟(jì)南的第二個突出特點(diǎn),那就是山多山美,也是世界上少有的一座“山城”,“城在山里,山在城中”。
濟(jì)南市區(qū)及四周有很多的山。據(jù)濟(jì)南市國土資源局統(tǒng)計(jì),濟(jì)南市有642座山,其中歷史文化名山24座,如千佛山(歷山)、華山(華不注山)、佛慧山、五峰山、英雄山等。筆者喜歡游覽山水,尤其喜歡馬山。
馬山是一座 “名山”。據(jù)《左傳》記載,馬山又稱格(隔)馬山,因山形酷似臥馬而得名,從北向南望,猶如臥佛。地處濟(jì)南市長清區(qū)馬山鎮(zhèn),東依泰山,西瀕黃河,南臨曲阜,北靠泉城,古“齊國咽喉”之地,為濟(jì)南市24座歷史名山之第五位。
馬山主脈南北走向,長1.5 公里,面積 3.6 平方公里,主峰海拔512.3 米。山上懸崖百丈,古樹參天,奇花異草遍地,景色十分秀麗。馬山景點(diǎn)號稱“五泉十洞”“四十八景”,主要有建于春秋、唐、宋、元、明、清等時期的古建筑或遺址,如靈官廟、豐施侯廟、天王殿、鐘樓、后土殿、碧霞元君殿等;早于秦長城490余年的齊長城,環(huán)繞在馬山群峰之上,長達(dá)30多公里;東山坡栽植100多萬株柏樹、占地面積達(dá)276.9畝的世界最大植物標(biāo)語“毛主席萬歲”,被列入世界基尼斯名錄;山西側(cè)的馬泉院(也稱馬灣廟)抗日戰(zhàn)爭初期長清縣抗日游擊隊(duì)成立并駐扎于此,得到發(fā)展壯大,成為大峰山抗日游擊隊(duì)誕生地之一;車轍峰下的通明洞(又稱穿心洞),幽深險(xiǎn)僻,東西貫通,長約1.5公里。這些景觀以及藏寶洞、馬耳洞、馬尾洞、河蚌洞、老鼠洞、馬嘴泉、馬尿泉、飯湯泉、天井、天池、飛來玉璽、燒餅石、仙人酒場、仙人棋盤等景點(diǎn),都有神奇迷離的傳說故事。
馬山也是一座“明山”。濟(jì)南人都知道,馬山古為道教圣地,與泰山、五峰山并稱“三姊妹”山。傳說泰山奶奶有兩個親姐妹,其中大姐在馬山修道,尊稱馬山圣母,也稱馬山奶奶,泰山奶奶為二姐,五峰山奶奶為三姐。馬山奶奶樂善好施,“有求必應(yīng)”,因此馬山成為遠(yuǎn)近聞名的仙山、靈山。周邊方圓百里的百姓每逢農(nóng)歷三月初三,便云集馬山,登山祈福,祭祀懷古,趕會購物,歷經(jīng)千年不衰。
“馬山之勝在山頂”。在“馬背天街”西北隅有兩個唐代所建的山門,東西開,是由山左和山右兩條路——“天階云梯”登臨山巔的必經(jīng)之路。兩個古老的山門,孤懸半天,十分險(xiǎn)絕,只有穿過山門,方到絕頂。山頂寬大的青石板上有兩個“天池”,小的能盛幾噸水,大的盛水?dāng)?shù)十噸,系早年人工“鑿巖蓄雨水以備飲者”。山頂?shù)貏葺^平坦,成長桌面狀,長約500米、寬約17米,原靈官廟、豐施侯廟、天王殿、碧霞元君殿等古建筑即建在此處,雖然現(xiàn)在多數(shù)僅存遺址或新建,但山頂特有風(fēng)光依然令人神往和驚嘆。
站在馬山高峻奇妙的山脊四望,遠(yuǎn)見泰岱、靈巖、五峰諸山對峙,云霧彩霞神秘變幻;近現(xiàn)群嶺錯落,“神秀谷”湖塘鑲嵌,“山外風(fēng)光”萬千。真可謂:“臥馬岱宗西,藏仙萬古迷。五泉十洞幽,百景百神奇。遠(yuǎn)眺峰巒靜,近聞玄鳥啼。明山靈水秀,康養(yǎng)兩相宜?!币髟姼锌畷r,不禁使人想起清代邑人庸敬子對馬山的贊嘆:“滿路飛花滿嶺松,巖高削出玉芙蓉。鳥聲清亮泉聲雅,人立馬山第一峰。”
馬山不但景色宜人,而且生物資源豐富,樹多鳥多,山果野花珍草無數(shù),尤其是中藥材資源獨(dú)特。馬山栝樓(瓜蔞)是《本草綱目》記載的道地原產(chǎn)中草藥,野生靈芝、山參、何首烏、金銀花、野菊花、柴胡等100多種名貴中藥材遍及山上山下,更增添了馬山的奇特魅力。
“山明水秀鳥兒啼,康養(yǎng)游玩甚適宜。人道瑤池天上美,桃源再現(xiàn)亦難及?!边h(yuǎn)眺馬山,峰岫峣嶷,猶如駿馬臥云間;仰望主峰,大有世界名山——南非桌山之風(fēng)范!
Statistics shows that there are 642 mountains in Jinan, including 24 famous mountains of historical and cultural significance, such as the Thousand-Buddha Mountain, Hua Mountain, Fohui Mountain, Wufeng Mountain and Yingxiong Mountain. Among them, the Mount Ma is my favorite.
According to the Zuo Zhuan, the Mount Ma is so named because it looks like a recumbent horse. Located in Mashan town, Changqing district, it lies to the east of the Mount Tai, west to the Yellow River, south to Qufu city and north to Jinan city. It ranks fifth in the twenty-four famous mountains in Jinan.
Running from south to north, the Mount Ma is 1.5 kilometers long and covers an area of 3.6 square kilometers, with its main peak reaching an altitude of 512.3 meters above sea level. The mountain has beautiful sights such as cliffs rising to a hundred feet, ancient trees stretching up to the sky, and rare flowers flourishing. Ancient buildings and ruins that date back to the Spring and Autumn Periods, as well as Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties spread across the mountain. The scenic spots boast their own legendary stories.
The Mount Ma, Mount Tai and Wufeng Mountain were collectively called the “three-sister mountains”. On the Double Third festival, the people of the surrounding areas climb up the mountain for worship, benediction and shopping.