王博文
昨夜品讀汪曾祺老先生的《人間至味》,其中描寫的豆腐可謂是寫到我心坎兒里去了。若問我汪老這么多篇美食佳作,為何對這一篇印象深刻?大抵是源于我對豆腐的偏愛。
童年時候的我是個十足的肉食主義者,無肉不歡,對豆腐一類的素食并沒有太大的興趣。那時離家不遠的金東市場新開了一家豆腐鋪子。據(jù)說他家的豆腐格外好吃。豆腐鋪老板是個俊朗的瘦高男子,待人彬彬有禮,賣豆腐從不缺斤短兩,因此也就打出了名聲,每天去買豆腐的人也是絡(luò)繹不絕。父親帶我去市場買豆腐,常會對我打趣道:“要想變成像豆腐鋪老板一樣的俊小伙兒,就得多吃豆腐哩!”
說者無心聽者有意,豆腐在我淺淺的認知中儼然成了可以使我“貌比潘安”的靈丹妙藥。望著餐桌上還冒著熱乎氣兒的白色“立方體”,竟難得涌起了強烈的食欲。夾起一塊兒放入嘴中,口感先是出奇的軟糯柔滑,一股豆香在口中炸開,隨即順著味蕾在口腔里四散奔走,在舌尖與唇齒留下無盡的甜鮮!個中滋味入心入腦,令人回味無窮!自那以后,豆腐便成了我的摯愛,雖然“貌比潘安”的愿望并沒實現(xiàn),但也幸虧父親的玩笑讓我與豆腐結(jié)下不解之緣。
豆腐不僅口味喜人,更有著深厚的文化底蘊。豆腐之起源,相傳始于西漢淮南王劉安。劉安是一名煉丹家,在一次煉丹過程中誤將豆?jié){與石膏混在了一起,形成了最初的豆腐。后經(jīng)推廣,各地在原有基礎(chǔ)上對豆腐制法與味道進行不斷改良,最終形成了像安徽八公山豆腐、四川羅泉豆腐、陜西榆林豆腐、云南石屏豆腐等異彩紛呈的豆腐文化。
豆腐極具浪漫主義色彩,從“碾出一團真白玉,將歸回向未來人”,到“出匣寧愁方璧碎,憂羹常見白云飛”,再到“一輪磨上流瓊液,百沸湯中滾雪花”。自古以來,文人雅客的情調(diào)便在豆腐上得以深層表達與延伸。也正因如此,白花花的豆腐也便有了“文學(xué)骨”。吃豆腐不是大碗喝酒的豪情,而是細品之下別具一格的風(fēng)雅。
豆腐是飲食界的“交際花”,任你酸甜苦辣,隨你煎炸蒸煮,皆不懼怕。但吃豆腐得講究個時令情景,什么季節(jié)什么場合怎么吃都有說法。就好比三伏艷陽天,用小香蔥拌個“一清二白”(小蔥拌豆腐)。三九寒天,用辣椒和肉末蒜苗炒盤“麻婆豆腐”。在家耍懶不愛開火,干脆啥佐料也不加,直接用豆腐蘸著味極鮮和芥末調(diào)的醬汁大快朵頤。逢年過節(jié),就著粉條子和五花肉燉鍋“東北大菜”。從市井老巷的“油炸臭豆腐”到國宴上堪比“佛跳墻”的“文思豆腐”,老百姓將豆腐吃出了花樣兒,更是吃出了名堂。
我有時想,若是把豆腐擬人化,那他絕對算得上是個剛正清廉的真君子。就好比說,你無論用刀橫切還是豎切,它始終能保持方方正正,至少也能做到有棱有角,很少見到有人能將豆腐切成圓弧狀的。再者,常規(guī)烹飪下的豆腐,可能外表顏色會發(fā)生變化,但豆腐里面卻始終是白的?!胺凵硭楣菧啿慌?,要留清白在人間”?!妒乙鳌芬鞯氖怯谥t的凜然正氣,而此時用以表達我心中的“豆腐精神”也是再合適不過的了。
豆腐作為千百年來中華餐桌上的飲食符號,早已超越了食材的字面境界,形成了一種文化、一類文明。正所謂“美食者不必是饕餮客”,味蕾的藝術(shù)有時還真不一定建立于飲食的稀有度與珍貴度之上,而是體現(xiàn)于歷史的傳承與自然的選擇中,大俗即大雅。對于美食的選擇,十個人眼里有十個哈姆雷特。對我而言,一盤豆腐便足以守護我心中的人間煙火。
Last night I read Mr. Wang Zengqi’s book titled Best Tastes in the World, which description of Tofu really touched my heart. If you ask me why I have a deep impression of it among all the articles about food, it might stem from my preference to Tofu.
In my childhood I was a pure meatarian who only enjoyed eating meat and had much less interest in such vegetarian food as Tofu. At that time a Tofu store was open in Jindong Market in our vicinity. Allegedly, their Tofu was especially delicious. The owner of the store was a thin, tall and handsome man who treated others politely and never gave short measure in his sale. Hence, he became well known and a constant stream of customers went to buy his Tofu every day. My father often joked when he took me to buy Tofu in the market: “You have got to eat more Tofu if you want to become a handsome guy like the owner of the Tofu store.”