河南鄭州市惠濟(jì)區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué) 李莎莎 編譯

Asymphony orchestrais a large orchestra composed of four groups of instruments,which arestring orchestra,woodwind orchestra,brass orchestraandpercussion orchestra.Sometimes,some other instruments such as piano will be added.Theconductoris thesoulof a band.When directing the performance of the whole band,the conductor must make the performance of these parts become a whole.The conductor of the symphony orchestra not only controls the speed and performance strength of the whole piece of music,maintainstheunityof work structure and form,so that the orchestra can correctly and uniformly perform the work,but also has the responsibility tostimulatethe best potential of the orchestra members and ensure the performance effect.

交響樂團(tuán)是一種由四種樂器組成的大型管弦樂隊(duì)，分別是弦樂隊(duì)、木管樂隊(duì)、銅管樂隊(duì)和打擊樂隊(duì)，有時(shí)，還會(huì)加入鋼琴等其他樂器。指揮家在指揮整個(gè)樂隊(duì)演奏時(shí)，必須使這些聲部的演奏成為一個(gè)整體，可謂一個(gè)樂隊(duì)的靈魂人物。交響樂團(tuán)的指揮，不僅控制整首曲子呈現(xiàn)的速度和演奏力度，保持作品結(jié)構(gòu)與形式的統(tǒng)一，使樂隊(duì)能夠正確、統(tǒng)一地演奏作品，而且具有激發(fā)樂團(tuán)成員最佳潛能和確保演出效果的責(zé)任。

Almost all the world famous symphony orchestra conductors are men.However,there is a quiteoutstandingfemale conductor in China,who is Professor Zheng Xiaoying.

世界上著名的交響樂團(tuán)指揮家?guī)缀醵际悄行?。然而，在中國卻有一位相當(dāng)杰出的女性指揮家，她就是鄭小瑛教授。

Zheng Xiaoying,born in Shanghai in September,is a Chinese conductor and the very first woman conductor in China.She was the chief conductor of China National Opera House(CNOH) and she used to be the director of the Conducting Department of the Central Conservatory of Music(CCOM) in Beijing.

鄭小瑛，1929 年9 月出生于上海，是中國指揮家，也是中國第一位女性指揮家。她是中央歌劇院首席指揮,曾任中央音樂學(xué)院指揮系主任。

Zheng Xiaoying studied at Ginling College in Nanjing in 1947.There,she took part in the Chinese CommunistRevolution,where her job was to train a large song and dancetroupeand conduct Chinese operas.During that period of time,she was working in Henan Province.Later,she studied at the CCOM in 1952.Her first conducting teacher was Nicolai Tumascheve,who taught chorus-conducting.She taught at the CCOM between 1956 and 1960.Then she studied opera conducting at Moscow State Techaikovsky Conservatory between 1960 and 1963.In 1962,she was the first Chinese conductor to conduct an opera in a foreign setting when she conductedToscaat Moscow National Theater.After Moscow,she returned to CCOM and taught.

1947 年，鄭小瑛就讀于南京的金陵女子大學(xué)。在那里，她參加了革命工作，她的工作是培訓(xùn)一個(gè)大型歌舞團(tuán)，并指揮中國歌劇。在此期間，她在河南省工作。后來，她于1952 年在中央音樂學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。她的第一位指揮老師是尼古拉·杜馬舍夫，他教合唱指揮。1956—1960 年，鄭小瑛在中央音樂學(xué)院任教。1960—1963 年，她曾在莫斯科國立柴可夫斯基音樂學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)歌劇指揮。1962 年，她成為第一位在國外指揮歌劇的中國指揮家，當(dāng)時(shí)她在莫斯科音樂劇院指揮了歌劇《托斯卡》。離開莫斯科之后，她回到中央音樂學(xué)院教書。

In 1977,Zheng Xiaoying became the chief conductor at the CNOH in Beijing.She was involved in the influential performances ofThe God of Flowers,La Traviata,Carmen,Le Nozze di FigaroandMadam Butterfly.

1977 年，鄭小瑛成為中央歌劇院的首席指揮。她參與了《護(hù)花神》《茶花女》《卡門》《費(fèi)加羅的婚禮》《蝴蝶夫人》等有影響力作品的演出。

In 1993,she founded the first women’ symphony orchestra in China—the Ai Yue Nu Philharmonic Orchestra,which has performed around the world.The group played both Western and Chinese music.Zheng Xiaoying and the women’s orchestra performed at the Fourth World Conference on Women.

1993 年，她創(chuàng)辦了中國第一個(gè)女子交響樂團(tuán)——愛樂女樂團(tuán)，該樂團(tuán)已在世界各地演出。這個(gè)樂團(tuán)同時(shí)演奏西方音樂和中國音樂。鄭小瑛和女子交響樂團(tuán)還在第四次世界婦女大會(huì)上演出。

When Zheng Xiaoying retired from the CNOH in 1997,she moved to Xiamen.In 1998,she started Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra,a non-State musicalensemble.In 2011,she was honored with the Golden Melody Prize from the Chinese Musicians’ Association.She received the 2012 Chinese Cultural Figure title for hercontributionto music education and conducting.She retired from Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra in 2013.In 2014,she was honored by the CNOH with the title Honorary Conductor for Life.

1997 年，鄭小瑛從中央歌劇院退休后，搬到了廈門。1998 年，她創(chuàng)辦了廈門愛樂樂團(tuán)，這是一個(gè)非國營的音樂團(tuán)體。2011 年，她榮獲中國音樂家協(xié)會(huì)金曲獎(jiǎng)。她因?qū)σ魳方逃椭笓]的貢獻(xiàn)而獲得“2012 年度中國文化名人”稱號(hào)。2013 年，她從廈門愛樂樂團(tuán)退休。2014 年，她被中央歌劇院授予“終身榮譽(yù)指揮”稱號(hào)。

Apart from herfruitful careeras a conductor,Zheng Xiaoying also dedicates herself to classical music education as well as other public activities.She has done a lot to help the public understand and appreciate the orchestra.She also teaches audiences about concertetiquette.At a rough estimate she has given more than 1,000 lectures to audiences of 200,000 people.She is absolutely agiftedconductor who brings the classical music to the public.

除了豐富的指揮生涯外，鄭小瑛還致力于古典音樂教育及其他公共活動(dòng)。她做了很多工作來幫助公眾理解和欣賞交響樂。她還教給觀眾一些音樂會(huì)禮儀。據(jù)粗略估計(jì)，她已經(jīng)開了1000 多場講座，觀眾達(dá)20 萬人。她絕對是一位天才指揮家，她把古典音樂帶給了大眾。

Although she has experiencedcancerthree times,she still stands on thepodiumof the symphony orchestra!

盡管她三次患癌，但她仍然站在交響樂團(tuán)的指揮臺(tái)上！

Notes:

symphony orchestra 交響樂團(tuán)

string orchestra 弦樂隊(duì)

woodwind orchestra木管樂隊(duì)

brass orchestra 銅管樂隊(duì)

percussion orchestra 打擊樂隊(duì)

conductorn.指揮

souln.靈魂

maintainv.保持

unityn.統(tǒng)一

stimulatev.促進(jìn)；激發(fā)

outstandingadj.杰出的

revolutionn.革命

troupen.團(tuán)隊(duì)

ensemblen.樂團(tuán)；樂隊(duì)

contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)

fruitfuladj.富有成果的

careern.事業(yè)

etiquetten.禮儀

giftedadj.天才的

cancern.癌癥

podiumn.指揮臺(tái)