本刊試題研究中心

第一部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50 分）

第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

If you could change your childs DNA in the future to protect them against diseases，would you？ It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPRC，or justCRISPR.

CRISPR involves a piece of RNA， a chemical messenger， designed to work on one partof DNA; it also uses an enzyme （酶） that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in，according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA， but CRISPR will do itvery simply， quickly， and exactly.

The uses of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything fromAlzheimer's disease to cancer to HIV. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancerkillinggenes into a patient's immune system， the technology could help greatly.

The US National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPRsethics （倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）. For example， CRISPR doesnt work properly yet. As well as cutting theDNA it is looking for， it often cuts other DNA， too. In addition， we currently seem to havetoo little understanding of what qualities DNA gives people.

There are also moral questions around“ playing God”. Of course， medicine alreadystops natural things from happening—for example， it saves people from infections. Theopportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn't keep going.

Also， according to The Economist， gene editing may mean that parents make choicesthat are not obviously in the best interests of their children：“ Deaf parents may prefer theirchildren to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at allcosts.”

In the end， more research is still needed to see what we can and cant do withCRISPR.“ It's still a huge mystery how we work，” Craig Mello， a Medical School biologistand Nobel Prize winner， told The Boston Globe. “We're just trying to figure out thisamazingly complicated thing we call life.”

1. What is the text mainly about？

A. What we can and can't do with CRISPR.

B. The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics.

C. How CRISPR was developed by scientists.

D. Scientists' experiments of using CRISPR to edit human embryos.

2. What does the author mean by saying“ playing God” in paragraph 5？

A. Playing jokes on religious people.

B. Asking God to help deal with moral questions.

C. Following the instructions of God.

D. Doing things that go against nature.

3. According to the text， the technology of CRISPR .

A. is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for

B. is very helpful to cure people of any disease

C. could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children

D. could help us understand how complicated life is

B

To solve the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways， chemists in the CzechRepublic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger thanthe tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits the microrobots， they produce chemicalreactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece ofplastic， they stick to it and start to break it down.

Chemist Martin Pumera at the University of Chemistry and Technology， Prague led theproject. A decade ago， he chose to focus on the problem posed by microplastics. They'reeverywhere—from the bottom of the ocean to the air blowing onto ice atop mountains.They've turned up in drinking water. Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plasticend up in the worlds waters. The plastic has many sources， from shopping bags to washing?and cleaning wipes.

In lab experiments， the starshapedswimmers stuck onto each of four different typesof plastic. And after a week exposed to light， the robots had reduced the weight of theplastics. It wasn't much—only by percent. But that was an indication that they werebreaking the plastic down. They also caused the surface of the plastic to change fromsmooth to rough. That's another sign that the robots were degrading （分解） it. The newstudy is a proof of concept type. That means it shows something can be done successfully.

In fact， Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics.And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all. The researchersalso have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment， although Pumera saysthats their next goal. The first realworldtest will be in a wastewatertreatmentplant.“Indeed，” says one researcher，“ we'll need a lot of testing to show that they're safe in openwaterways， such as at sea.”

4. What does the underlined word“ brainchild” in paragraph 1 refer to？

A. Idea. B. Hope. C. Project. D. Routine.

5. What does the author focus on in paragraph 2？

A. The purpose of Pumera's project.

B. The preciousness of drinking water.

C. The seriousness of plastic pollution.

D. The working principle of the microrobots.

6. What shows the effectiveness of the microrobots in lab experiments？

A. The weight loss of the plastics.

B. The disappearance of the plastics.

C. The shape change of the microrobots.

D. The improvement in the quality of water.

7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？

A. Ways to obtain cleaner drinking water

B. Microrobots invented to treat wastewater

C. New hope for the solution to plastic pollution

D. Technology widely applied in environment protection

C

Over a fouryearperiod， Swiss researchers have developed a machine that can keephuman livers （肝） alive outside of the body for one week.

Livers are among the most commonly transplanted （移植） human organs. Currenttechnology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that， in 2017，about 8000 liver transplants were performed in the US， of which 360 used livers from livinggivers. In addition， about 11，500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a livertransplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improvethe chances of survival for patients.

The researchers say the purpose of their“ Liver4Life” machine is to perform what theycall liver perfusion （灌注） operations outside of the human body. Perfusion is the processby which blood or other liquids are pumped through organs and tissue. The machine keepsthe liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body.Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart， the machine alsoprovides oxygen to the organ， controls red blood cell levels and removes waste.

The research team began their experiments with livers from pigs. After repeatedtesting and engineering development， they succeeded in getting the pig livers to survive forseven days with support only provided from the Liver4Life machine. They also discoveredthe system can work to repair damaged livers. The team is now planning its next step totransplant machinetreatedorgans into patients.

PierreAlainClavien， leader of the research said in a statement，“ This technology willgreatly increase the number of livers available for transplant， improving the chances ofsurvival for patients. The success of this unique machine opens a way for many newapplications in transplantation and cancer medicine.”

8. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2？

A. Introduce a brand new topic for discussion.

B. Provide some latest data about present liver transplants.

C. Show the urgency of tech improvement in liver transplants.

D. Remind readers of the importance of a healthy liver.

9. What does the underlined word“ it” in paragraph 3 refer to？

A. The machine. B. The liver.

C. The temperature. D. The tissue.

10. What can we learn about the Liver4Life machine？

A. It is among the most commonly used machines for liver transplants.

B. It is aimed to carry out liver perfusion operations in the human body.

C. It can perform several functions to keep the liver working normally.

D. It can be used to keep the pig livers alive for more than one week.

11. Where is this text most likely from？

A. A biology textbook.B. A firstaid brochure.

C. A social web page. D. A health magazine.

D

Three scientists who studied how cells sense and adapt to oxygen levels have beenawarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. William G. Kaelin， Jr. of theDanaFarberCancer Institute and Harvard University， Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe of OxfordUniversity and the Francis Crick Institute， and Gregg L. Semenza of Johns HopkinsUniversity were jointly awarded the prize.

“The meaningful discoveries by this year's Nobel winners showed life's most adaptiveprocesses，” Randall Johnson， a member of the Nobel Assembly at Swedens KarolinskaInstitute said.“ The three physicians found the molecular switch （分子開關(guān)） that regulateshow our cells adapt when oxygen levels drop.”

“Cells and tissues are constantly experiencing changes in oxygen availability，”Johnson said.“ As an embryo （胚胎） grows and develops， and as muscles work， the oxygenavailable changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way to adjust to theamount of oxygen they have， while still doing their important jobs.”

The committee said that the discoveries are vital for physiology and could exploit newstrategies to fight anemia， cancer and many other diseases.

Kaelin was born in New York and received an MD from Duke University. He did hisspecialist training in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins， Baltimore， and atthe DanaFarberCancer Institute， Boston.

Ratcliffe was born in Lancashire， the United Kingdom， and studied medicine atGonville and Caius College at Cambridge University and did his specialist training innephrology at Oxford. He is the director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute inLondon and a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.

Semenza was born in New York. He obtained a BA in biology from Harvard and hisMD from the University of Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics atDuke University. He is the director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns HopkinsInstitute for Cell Engineering.

12. What can we know about the three scientists？

A. They studied different fields.

B. They shared one prize.

C. They researched heart disease.

D. They found the function of embryos.

13. What did Johnson think of the discoveries？

A. Important. B. Meaningless.

C. Interesting. D. Disappointing.

14. What does the underlined word“ exploit” in paragraph 4 mean？

A. Develop. B. Handle. C. Stress. D. Follow.

15. What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about？

A. The three scientists' achievements.

B. The influence of the discoveries.

C. The example set by the three scientists.

D. The introduction of the three scientists.

第二節(jié) （共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Virtually， there is nothing that man cannot do. Only what he has to do is keep doingand doing without being discouraged. Success will come someday or other， though it mayapparently be the conception about something that it cannot be done. 16 But the?reality is that mans success depends on whether he can do the toughest tasks successfully.It is because our life is complicated and tough. And to succeed in this tough battle，perseverance and hard work are a must. 17 We can prove this fact when we look at thereality of life and the history of mans success. Perseverance helps us do what we otherwisewould consider impossible to do.

What the worldfamousscientist Sir Isaac Newton had done by twelve years' constanthard work was burnt out by his pet dog. But that could not discourage him a little. 18It is only for his undefeated perseverance that we have been able to have many inventionsand discoveries.

19 He went through thick and thin to reach his destination after months of thestrenuous voyage on the sea. He discovered the way from Spain to America and offered theworld a new route of communication with America. This outcome of his perseverance willbe generated by the world forever.

All the great men in history have written their names in golden letters by means ofperseverance. 20 If we all are perseverant in whatever we do， we are sure to stand outas a successful nation in the near future.

A. Every action has its reaction.

B. They are a unique precondition of success in life.

C. In human life， perseverance plays a very important role.

D. Their success will always remain as perfect examples to us.

E. Columbus has left us an adventurous story of perseverance.

F. The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy.

G. He was able to do it again through years of hard work and perseverance.

第二部分 語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30 分）

第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2000 years ago. The Chinese had aform of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fire to make 21during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it.The Chinese 22 that the gunpowder escaping from the tube could lift itself into the air.The idea of the rocket was 23 .

The first 24 use of rockets was in 1232. The Song Dynasty was at war with theMongols. During the 25 of Kaifeng， the Song army 26 “ arrows of flying fire”. Thetubes were 27 to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straightdirection. 28 the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possiblethat they 29 them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were manyrocket 30 in England， France and Italy. They were used for military purposes. OneItalian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hita（n） 31 ship.

Not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu， a Chinese governmentofficial， invented a 32 chair. He attached two big kites to the chair， and 47 rockets tothe kites. The rockets were lit. There was a huge explosion and 33 of thick smoke.When the smoke 34 ， Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared. No one knows whathappened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion？ Or was he carried miles into space， becomingthe world's first 35 ？

21. A. cuisines B. decorations C. explosions D. differences

22. A. thought B. discovered C. understood D. decided

23. A. born B. burst C. found D. improved

24. A. political B. formal C. military D. scientific

25. A. occupation B. attack C. search D. battle

26. A. lifted B. shot C. watched D. held

27. A. attached B. shaken C. wrapped D. used

28. A. Finally B. Suddenly C. Soon D. Thus

29. A. delivered B. threw C. passed D. introduced

30. A. transformations B. performances C. experiments D. exhibitions

31. A. business B. official C. transportation D. enemy

32. A. flying B. diving C. surfing D. blowing

33. A. packs B. clouds C. masses D. bunches

34. A. faded B. completed C. cleared D. reflected

35. A. chemist B. researcher C. astronaut D. explorer

第二節(jié) （共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Five outstanding researchers received LOréalUNESCOFor Women in ScienceInternational Award at a ceremony in Paris， France 36. _______Friday evening for theirpioneering research in the life science. One of the 37._______（receive） was Chinese ancientvertebrates （脊椎動物） scientist Zhang Miman.

87yearoldZhang， also 38. _______（know） as Meemann Chang， is a paleontologist （古生物學(xué)家） at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology （IVPP）. Manyspecies， such as the extinct fish Meemannia， have been named in honor of her. In 2016，Zhang 39. _______（give） the RomerSimpsonLifetime Achievement Award， 40. _______isthe highest prize in vertebrate paleontology.

“She was appointed for her pioneering work on fossil （化石） records 41. ________（lead）to a clear understanding of how aquatic （水生的） vertebrates adapted to life on land，”UNESCO said in a statement. Zhang was the 42.________（five） Chinese female scientist towin the award. The other four winners 43. ________ （be） from South Africa， the UK， Argentinaand Canada.

As 44. _________result of a partnership between French company LOréal and theUnited Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization， the L'OréalUNESCOFor Women in Science foundation was founded in 1998 45._________（encourage） equality inscience. Each winner will be awarded $100，000 as part of their prize.

第三部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40 分）

第一節(jié) （滿分15分）

假定你是李華，你校英語報擬刊登一篇介紹中國科學(xué)家的短文，請你寫一篇文章投稿。內(nèi)容包括：

1. 人物簡介；

2. 事跡或貢獻(xiàn)；

3. 對你的影響。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)80左右；

2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

___________________

第二節(jié) （滿分25分）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

On a hot September afternoon， Peter and his friend Isabel were on their way to thelibrary. When they passed by Tubman Park， Isabel suggested cutting through it to get to thelibrary. As they entered the park， the sight of the swings （秋千） and the merrygoroundbrought back a flood of memories of their childhood spent there. But now everything lookedso old， sad， and dirty. Litter lay on the ground next to an overflowing trash bin. There werestill young schoolchildren playing there but they had to avoid the trash that littered theplayground. A little boy told them that the city took the other trash cans away and theremaining one never got emptied often.

As they headed towards the library， the two high school students wrinkled theirforehead. In the library， they encountered Mrs Evans， their kindheartedfifthgradeteacher， retired yet still passionate. Mrs Evans listened as Isabel and Peter eagerlyexplained what theyd seen. Finally， she recommended them to go to the City Hall to voicetheir concerns.

The next day， Isabel and Peter went into the building of the City Hall but met with animpatient officer. They were informed that the city couldnt help with their problem due to atight budget. Discouraged， they left and turned to Mrs Evans for help.

Under her guidance， they decided to ask Go Green， a nonprofitorganization whosegoal is to protect the environment， for help. “This group is good at raising money forprojects just like yours，” said Mrs Evans. She promised to arrange them to present theirideas to Go Green. Hearing this， their face lit up.

Two main tasks remained ahead： researching ways to clean up the park and preparinga convincing presentation. As Isabel was good at researching while Peter always had atalent for speaking， they cooperated quite well. Isabel learned from a science magazine thata new type of trash bin can squeeze the trash down without being emptied often， whichsaves time， money， and energy. Based on this， Peter practiced his presentation over andover again.

注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

Paragraph 1：

A week later， Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall where Go Green was meeting._________________________

Paragraph 2：

After the meeting， Isabel excitedly told Peter the good news.____________________