唐孝云

記敘文是以記敘、描寫為主要表達方式，以寫人物的經歷和事物發(fā)展變化為主要內容的一種文體?！镀胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z課程標準（2017年版）》對記敘文的類型介紹包括個人故事、人物介紹、短篇小說、童話、劇本、小說、科幻故事、幽默故事等。記敘文作為高考英語閱讀理解中的必考語篇，常有以寫人敘事為主的個人經歷、人物傳記、回憶錄等類型，也有夾敘夾議、通訊等類型。本文以高考真題中的記敘文為語料，分析如何運用WE策略幫助考生提高記敘文的閱讀能力和解題能力。

一、WE策略概述

在WE策略中，W指的是Who和What，E指的是Event和Emotion。在高考英語閱讀理解中的記敘文，主要內容及內在邏輯可概括為：記敘或描寫主人公（Who）經歷的事情（Event），事情的發(fā)生與某事物（What）有關；在事情發(fā)生過程中或之后，主人公與他人或與某物產生了某種情感態(tài)度（Emotion）或已有的情感態(tài)度（Emotion）發(fā)生了變化。題目基本都圍繞Who、What、Event和Emotion進行設置。因此，考生在閱讀過程中，找出語篇中的Who、What、Event和Emotion可以更快地解碼語篇內容，挖掘語篇重點，理清語篇內在邏輯，理解語篇意義。

二、WE策略運用

1.?運用WE策略分析語篇內容

在閱讀過程中，運用WE策略，即尋找Who、What、Event和Emotion可以有效快捷地掌握語篇內容，理清語篇內在邏輯。下表總結了近兩年的全國I卷、II卷、甲卷、乙卷以及浙江卷中的記敘文。

試卷類型主要內容（WE策略）2022年新高考I卷B篇這是一篇通訊類的記敘文。講述“我”（Who）有一次浪費了許多芝麻菜（Event），進而引出并圍繞食物浪費（What）展開，講述浪費食物的后果和避免措施（Event），號召人們勤儉節(jié)約（Emotion）。2022年新高考II卷B篇這是一篇夾敘夾議的記敘文。“我”（Who）給孫子讀故事書后（Event）意識到新多媒體工具（What）對年輕人來說很平常（Emotion）；“我”的新媒體體驗（Event）說明“我”也有能力使用新媒體工具（Emotion）。2022年全國甲卷C篇這是一篇通訊類的記敘文。講述熱愛（Emotion）旅行（What）的71歲的Ginni（Who）在孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開始周游世界，并在2008年前往南極洲旅行（Event）。2022年全國乙卷B篇這是一篇書評，簡要介紹Dorothy?Wickenden的書籍并對其進行評價。其中，關于書中故事的講述是記敘文類型，主要講述一對好朋友Dorothy?Woodruff?和Rosamond?Underwood（Who）想做一些有用的事，于是去到落基山山區(qū)里教書的故事（Event）。續(xù)表

試卷類型主要內容（WE策略）2022年1月浙江卷A篇這是一篇通訊類的記敘文。講述Merebeth（Who）從事寵物運輸工作（What）的原因和情況（Event），以及這份工作所帶來的滿足感（Emotion）。2022年6月浙江卷A篇這是一篇夾敘夾議的記敘文。講述“我”（Who）通過三份夏天的工作（Event），了解并接受了世界的多樣性（What），不再是幼兒園里那個害怕的小女孩了（Emotion）。2021年新高考I卷B篇這是一篇敘事的記敘文。Mr.?Titterton（Who）為鋼琴家做翻頁工作（What），需要訓練和與鋼琴家達成默契（Event），被妻子Ms.?Raspopova認為既是最“差”的也是最棒的（Emotion）。2021年新高考II卷B篇這是一篇敘事的記敘文。講述“我”（Who）在家照顧兩只小老虎（What）的原因、經過（Event）和感受（Emotion）。2021年全國甲卷C篇這是一篇介紹個人經歷的記敘文。講述作者（Who）九歲時搬到倫敦剛開始很不適應，后來找到了玩滑板的地方并結識了玩滑板的朋友（Event），有了共同的語言（What）后適應了（Emotion）。作者15歲時離開倫敦在成年后再次返回并在之前玩滑板的地方尋找回憶（Event），通過與玩滑板的孩子交談（What）找到久違的熟悉感（Emotion）。2021年全國乙卷C篇這是一篇通訊類的記敘文。圍繞塑料垃圾（What），講述藝術家Benjamin?（Who）使用海洋中的塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑（Event），引發(fā)人們對塑料污染的反思（Emotion）。2021年1月浙江卷A篇這是一篇敘事的記敘文。講述Brierley（Who）小時候走丟了，長大后通過一個數字地圖程序（What）成功地找到家和媽媽（Event）。2021年6月浙江卷A篇這是一篇人物介紹類型的記敘文。講述Nielsen（Who）的演藝生涯（What）中發(fā)生的事（Event），讓讀者學習他的精神（Emotion）。

2.?運用WE策略解題

以真題為例講解WE策略的使用步驟。首先通過WE策略閱讀原文，理清原文內容和內在邏輯，然后以此為基礎分析問題的設置進行分析和解答。

（一）

（2022年新高考I卷B篇）?Like?most?of?us，?I?try?to?be?mindful?of?food?that?goes?to?waste.?The?arugula?（芝麻菜）?was?to?make?a?nice?green?salad，?rounding?out?a?roast?chicken?dinner.?But?I?ended?up?working?late.?Then?friends?called?with?a?dinner?invitation.?I?stuck?the?chicken?in?the?freezer.?But?as?days?passed，?the?arugula?went?bad.?Even?worse，?I?had?unthinkingly?bought?way?too?much；?I?could?have?made?six?salads?with?what?I?threw?out．

In?a?world?where?nearly?800?million?people?a?year?go?hungry，?“food?waste?goes?against?the?moral?grain，”?as?Elizabeth?Royte?writes?in?this?months?cover?story.?Its?jawdropping?how?much?perfectly?good?food?is?thrown?away—from?“ugly”?（but?quite?eatable）?vegetables?rejected?by?grocers?to?large?amounts?of?uneaten?dishes?thrown?into?restaurant?garbage?cans.

Producing?food?that?no?one?eats?wastes?the?water，?fuel，?and?other?resources?used?to?grow?it.?That?makes?food?waste?an?environmental?problem.?In?fact，?Royte?writes，?“if?food?waste?were?a?country，?it?would?be?the?third?largest?producer?of?greenhouse?gases?in?the?world.”

If?thats?hard?to?understand，?lets?keep?it?as?simple?as?the?arugula?at?the?back?of?my?refrigerator.?Mike?Curtin?sees?my?arugula?story?all?the?time—but?for?him，?its?more?like?12?boxes?of?donated?strawberries?nearing?their?last?days.?Curtin?is?CEO?of?DC?Central?Kitchen?in?Washington，?DC.?which?recovers?food?and?turns?it?into?healthy?meals.?Last?year?it?recovered?more?than?807，500?pounds?of?food?by?taking?donations?and?collecting?blemished?（有瑕疵的）?produce?that?otherwise?would?have?rotted?in?fields.?And?the?strawberries？?Volunteers?will?wash，?cut，?and?freeze?or?dry?them?for?use?in?meals?down?the?road．

Such?methods?seem?obvious，?yet?so?often?we?just?dont?think.?“Everyone?can?play?a?part?in?reducing?waste，?whether?by?not?purchasing?more?food?than?necessary?in?your?weekly?shopping?or?by?asking?restaurants?to?not?include?the?side?dish?you?wont?eat，”?Curtin?says．

（1）理清主要內容和語篇邏輯

這是一篇通訊類的記敘文，通過講述一件事引出要說明的現(xiàn)象。本文在描述該現(xiàn)象時采取了說明文的行文方式。在這一篇記敘文中，側重點是食物浪費（What）現(xiàn)象。講述“我”（Who）有一次浪費了許多芝麻菜（Event），引出并圍繞食物浪費（What）展開。接著按照說明文“現(xiàn)象——導致問題——解決辦法”的結構，講述浪費食物的后果和避免措施（Event）。最后，號召人們勤儉節(jié)約（Emotion）。

（2）解析問題的設置與解答

24.?What?does?the?author?want?to?show?by?telling?the?arugula?story？

A.?We?pay?little?attention?to?food?waste.

B.?We?waste?food?unintentionally?at?times．

C.?We?waste?more?vegetables?than?meat.

D.?We?have?good?reasons?for?wasting?food．

針對作者（Who）有關食物浪費（What）的經歷（Event）提問，根據題目中“want?to”，分析選項中“l(fā)ittle?attention，unintentionally，good”?不難發(fā)現(xiàn)是要分析作者的（Emotion），在原文中可找到表達作者（Emotion）的線索，“try?to?be?mindful，unthinkingly”，以及連詞“but...?but...even?worse”，由此推斷答案選B。

25.?What?is?a?consequence?of?food?waste?according?to?the?text？

A.?Moral?decline.B.?Environmental?harm．

C.?Energy?shortage.D.?Worldwide?starvation．

26.?What?does?Curtins?company?do？

A.?It?produces?kitchen?equipment.

B.?It?turns?rotten?arugula?into?clean?fuel．

C.?It?helps?local?farmers?grow?fruits.

D.?It?makes?meals?out?of?unwanted?food．

27.What?does?Curtin?suggest?people?do？

A.?Buy?only?what?is?needed.B.?Reduce?food?consumption．

C.?Go?shopping?once?a?week.D.?Eat?in?restaurants?less?often．

本文圍繞食物浪費（What）展開，25、26、27三個問題都針對浪費食物（What）設置。25題問食物浪費造成的后果，26題問Curtin公司采取的避免食物浪費的措施，27題問Curtin建議人們做的事即他的態(tài)度。三個問題的內在邏輯符合原文介紹食物浪費（What）的邏輯，即“問題——解決辦法——發(fā)出號召”，三道題的答案必然也符合這一邏輯。通過閱讀和分析答案為BDA。

（二）

（2023年1月浙江卷B篇）Live?with?roommates？?Have?friends?and?family?around?you？?Chances?are?that?if?youre?looking?to?live?a?more?sustainable?lifestyle，?not?everyone?around?you?will?be?ready?to?jump?on?that?bandwagon．

I?experienced?this?when?I?started?switching?to?a?zero?waste?lifestyle?five?years?ago，?as?I?was?living?with?my?parents，?and?I?continue?to?experience?this?with?my?husband，?as?he?is?not?completely?zero?waste?like?me.?Ive?learned?a?few?things?along?the?way?though，?which?I?hope?youll?find?encouraging?if?youre?doing?your?best?to?figure?out?how?you?can?make?the?change?in?a?notalwayssupportive?household．

Zero?waste?was?a?radical?lifestyle?movement?a?few?years?back.?I?remember?showing?my?parents?a?video?of?Bea?Johnson，?sharing?how?cool?I?thought?it?would?be?to?buy?groceries?with?jars，?and?have?so?little?trash！?A?few?days?later，?I?came?back?with?my?first?jars?of?zero?waste?groceries，?and?my?dad?commented?on?how?silly?it?was?for?me?to?carry?jars?everywhere.?It?came?off?as?a?bit?discouraging．

Yet?as?the?months?of?reducing?waste?continued，?I?did?what?I?could?that?was?within?my?own?reach.?I?had?my?own?bedroom，?so?I?worked?on?removing?things?I?didnt?need.?Since?I?had?my?own?toiletries（洗漱用品），?I?was?able?to?start?personalising?my?routine?to?be?more?sustainable.?I?also?offered?to?cook?every?so?often，?so?I?portioned?out?a?bit?of?the?cupboard?for?my?own?zero?waste?groceries.?Perhaps?your?household?wont?entirely?make?the?switch，?but?you?may?have?some?control?over?your?own?personal?spaces?to?make?the?changes?you?desire．

As?you?make?your?lifestyle?changes，?you?may?find?yourself?wanting?to?speak?up?for?yourself?if?others?comment?on?what?youre?doing，?which?can?turn?itself?into?a?whole?household?debate.?If?you?have?individuals?who?are?not?on?board，?your?words?probably?wont?do?much?and?can?often?leave?you?feeling?more?discouraged．

So?here?is?my?advice：?Lead?by?action．

（1）理清主要內容和語篇邏輯

本文是一篇夾敘夾議的記敘文。講述作者（Who）的零廢棄生活方式（What），雖然家人（Who）不理解和支持（Emotion），但作者仍然堅持（Event），從而得出感悟（Emotion）：在群體生活中不被理解和支持時，“用行動說話”是最好的辦法。

（2）解析問題的設置與解答

24.What?do?the?underlined?words?“jump?on?that?bandwagon”?mean?in?the?first?paragraph？

A.?Share?an?apartment?with?you.

B.?Join?you?in?what?youre?doing．

C.?Transform?your?way?of?living.

D.?Help?you?to?make?the?decision．

第一段作者引出議題。根據語篇主要內容和邏輯，作者（Who）追求零廢棄生活方式（What）家人（Who）不理解和支持（Emotion）。劃線詞所在句“Chances?are?that?if?youre（Who）?looking?to?live?a?more?sustainable?lifestyle（What），?not?everyone（Who）?around?you?will?be?ready?to?jump?on?that?bandwagon（Emotion）.”不難推測，后半句表達的含義是“不理解、不支持……”所以B?答案最佳。

25.What?was?the?attitude?of?the?authors?father?toward?buying?groceries?with?jars？

A.?He?disapproved?of?it.?B.?He?was?favorable?to?it．

C.?He?was?tolerant?of?it.D.?He?didnt?care?about?it．

25題問作者堅持追求零廢棄生活方式（What）時，與父親發(fā)生的一件事（Event）：“A?few?days?later，?I?came?back?with?my?first?jars?of?zero?waste?groceries，?and?my?dad?commented?on?how?silly?it?was?for?me?to?carry?jars?everywhere.?It?came?off?as?a?bit?discouraging.”體現(xiàn)出即父親的態(tài)度（Emotion）。不管是從語篇的主要內容和邏輯，還是句子中的形容詞“silly，discouraging”都可以推斷出正確答案為A。

26.What?can?we?infer?about?the?author？

A.?She?is?quite?good?at?cooking.

B.?She?respects?others?privacy．

C.?She?enjoys?being?a?housewife.

D.?She?is?a?determined?person．

27.What?is?the?text?mainly?about？

A.How?to?get?on?well?with?other?family?members．

B.How?to?have?ones?own?personal?space?at?home．

C.How?to?live?a?zero?waste?lifestyle?in?a?household．

D.How?to?control?the?budget?when?buying?groceries．

26題問作者的性格特點，27題問文章的主要內容（What），都可以根據歸納的文章主要內容和內在邏輯進行分析和解答，答案為DC。

三、模擬測試

（2023年大灣區(qū)一模B篇）?In?2013，?Deegan?was?trying?to?take?control?of?her?life?after?winning?the?fight?against?drinking.?She?did?quit，?but?she?was?having?difficulty?reconnecting?with?people.?Even?looking?someone?in?the?eyes?proved?to?be?difficult.?“I?was?sort?of?like?a?shell?of?a?person?and?just?didnt?really?have?many?life?skills?or?selfconfidence，”?Deegan?said.

However，?baking?was?something?that?always?brought?her?joy?as?a?child.?One?day?while?helping?out?in?the?neighborhood，?Deegan?picked?up?a?handheld?mixer?and?started?baking.?“My?life?was?just?out?of?control，?but?baking?is?such?a?controlled?thing，?where?if?you?take?the?right?steps?and?follow?the?directions，?youll?get?a?pretty?exact?result，”?she?said.

Deegan?started?bringing?her?homemade?baked?cookies?to?peoples?homes，?which?helped?her?reconnect?with?people.?“Feeding?people?is?such?a?universal?love?language，”?she?said.?However，?she?was?still?trying?to?figure?out?how?to?find?a?career?at?27?years?old.?She?had?no?real?work?experience?and?she?couldnt?put?‘quit?drinking?”?on?her?resume.

Deegans?life?shifted?in?2015.?Encouraged?by?her?friends，?she?challenged?herself?to?see?if?she?could?sell?just?one?pie.?She?sold?dozens！?She?began?baking?out?of?her?tiny?apartment?and?eventually?launched?an?official?business?in?2017.?She?spent?four?years?developing?a?pie?crust?cookie?recipe，?which?has?since?become?the?bread?and?butter?of?her?business.?“People?have?been?walking，?running?and?lining?up?to?get?cookies，?and?its?just?been?so?magical?seeing?that，”?she?said.

When?she?needs?more?help，?Deegan?says?she?looks?for?anyone?who?is?just?excited?to?work，?even?if?they?dont?have?any?experience.?After?her?own?struggle，?she?realized?that?the?desire?to?work?was?better?than?having?a?certain?skill?set.?And?she?became?a?secondchance?employer，?hiring?women?out?of?prison?or?the?shelter?system.?“You?just?have?to?walk?through?the?door?and?be?ready，?willing?and?able?and?excited?to?show?up?and?work?and?youve?got?a?job，”?Deegan?told?the?reporter．

4.?What?was?Deegan?mainly?struggling?with?in?2013？

A.?Emotion?management.B.?Interpersonal?relationship．

C.?Worklife?balance.D.?Alcohol?addiction．

5.?What?prepared?Deegan?for?her?bakery?business？

A.?Working?previously?in?the?baking?industry.

B.?Seeing?people?running?to?get?cookies．

C.?Wanting?desperately?to?gain?total?control.

D.?Offering?baked?food?out?of?goodwill．

6.?According?to?paragraph?4?and?5，?what?is?special?about?Deegan?and?her?business？

A.?She?achieved?success?through?baking.

B.?She?was?ambitious?about?her?business．

C.?She?has?an?opendoor?employment?policy.

D.?She?only?hired?inexperienced?workers．

7.?Which?of?the?following?best?describes?Deegan？

A.?Creative?and?smart.B.?Persistent?and?receptive．

C.?Honest?and?optimistic.?D.?Kind?and?easygoing．

解析：這是一篇通訊類的記敘文。講述Deegan（Who）雖然已經戒酒，但是很難與他人和社會建立聯(lián)系（Event）。后來通過堅持做自己喜歡的烘焙（What）逐漸與他人和社會聯(lián)系起來（Event）。在自己的烘焙事業(yè)（What）越來越好之后，她意識到比起有工作技能，有工作的欲望才更重要（Emotion），所以她在招聘員工時很包容，不在乎他們是否有經驗或者有不好的過去（Emotion）。參考答案：BDCB。

四、總結

總之，運用WE策略分析記敘文語篇能幫助考生理清記敘文的主要內容與內在邏輯，提高和發(fā)展考生的閱讀能力及邏輯思維能力，進而幫助考生提高記敘文的解題能力。

責任編輯吳昊雷