Intense races during the Paralympics Games reveal the “shadow heroes” who work with Paralympians， as guides play an important role in helping para-athletes reach their potential and battle for supremacy in sports.

Since the London 2012 Paralympics， guides have also received medals in certain events such as athletics and cycling.

殘奧會期間，激烈的比賽展現(xiàn)了與殘奧會運動員一起比賽的“影子英雄”。作為領(lǐng)賽員，他們在幫助殘奧會運動員發(fā)揮潛力和爭奪比賽優(yōu)勢方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。

自2012年倫敦殘奧會以來，領(lǐng)賽員在田徑和自行車等特定項目中獲得過獎牌。

Para-cycling

殘奧會自行車比賽

Para-cycling has track and road events.

Athletes with limb impairments use a bicycle and para-cyclists who can only use their upper body use a handcycle， which as the name implies is paddled by hand. Athletes with cerebral palsy use a tricycle.

The two-wheeled tandem is used by athletes with a visual impairment， with a sighted guide riding in the front. Such a guide is called the “pilot”， and will make tactical decisions.

殘奧會自行車比賽分為場地自行車賽和公路自行車賽。

肢體殘疾的運動員使用兩輪自行車，下半身殘疾的運動員只能使用手動自行車，顧名思義，手動自行車是用手驅(qū)動的。腦癱的運動員使用三輪車。

兩輪雙人自行車是視力受損的運動員使用的，由一名視力良好的領(lǐng)賽員在前面駕駛。這樣的領(lǐng)賽員被稱為“領(lǐng)騎員”，負責制定戰(zhàn)術(shù)決策。

Para-swimming

殘奧會游泳比賽

Para-swimming features different levels based on the type and level of athletes impairment to ensure the competition is as fair as possible.

Swimmers can use different starting methods during the swimming events. For example， swimmers with a visual impairment can locate themselves in the pool by touching the lane rope with their body.

A guide in such event is known as a “tapper” because they tap the swimmers head or body with a tapping device to signal the start or finish of the race.

殘奧會游泳比賽會根據(jù)運動員的殘疾類型和級別設(shè)置不同的等級，以確保比賽的公平性。

在游泳項目中，游泳運動員可以使用不同的方法開始比賽。例如，視力有障礙的游泳運動員可以用身體觸碰泳道繩來定位自己在泳池中的位置。

在這類比賽中，領(lǐng)賽員被稱為“輕拍員”，因為他們用輕拍裝置輕拍游泳運動員的頭部或身體，發(fā)出比賽開始或結(jié)束的信號。

Para-athletics

殘奧會田徑比賽

Athletes with a visual impairment can compete with guide runners.

According to how much their impairment affects their performance， athletes are placed into different competition categories， consisting of a prefix “T” or “F” plus a number as T stands for “track” and F means “field” events.

T/F11， T/F12 and T/F13 are for visually impaired athletes. T11 means total visual impairment and T12 implies low vision.

“Sport Class T11 athletes run with the guide and Sport Class T12 competitors can choose whether to run with a guide runner or alone，” noted the Olympics.com.

Runners and their guide runners stay together by holding onto a rope and running side by side.

Safety always comes first and guide runners can verbally communicate information about the course， times and surroundings in guiding the athlete to the finish line.

Leading the runner or crossing the finish line ahead of the runner results in disqualification， according to the rules.

視力受損的運動員可以與領(lǐng)跑員一起參加比賽。

根據(jù)殘疾對成績的影響程度，運動員被分為不同的比賽類別，分別由綴“T”或“F”加上一個數(shù)字組成，T代表“徑賽”項目，F(xiàn)代表“田賽”項目。

T/F11、T/F12、T/F13為視障運動員專用。T11表示視力完全受損，T12表示視力低下。

奧林匹克網(wǎng)指出：“運動級別T11的運動員帶著領(lǐng)跑員參賽，運動級別T12的運動員可以選擇帶著領(lǐng)跑員參賽或獨自參賽。”

運動員和他們的領(lǐng)跑員抓住一根繩子，一起并肩跑。

安全永遠是第一位的，在引導運動員到達終點的過程中，領(lǐng)跑員可以口頭傳達路線、時間、周圍環(huán)境等信息。

比賽規(guī)則規(guī)定：領(lǐng)跑員若領(lǐng)先運動員或先于運動員越過終點線將被取消參賽資格。