陳梅香 謝溪莊
摘要:研究一類具有季節(jié)交替的n維Gilpin-Ayala競爭模型。利用單調(diào)動力系統(tǒng)的理論,當(dāng)n=1時,系統(tǒng)存在著閾值動力學(xué)。根據(jù)離散競爭映射的負(fù)載單形理論,證得n維系統(tǒng)存在一個(n-1)維的負(fù)載單形。結(jié)果表明:(n-1)維的負(fù)載單形吸引了系統(tǒng)在Rn+中的所有非平凡軌道。
關(guān)鍵詞:季節(jié)交替;Gilpin-Ayala競爭模型;周期解;龐加萊映射;負(fù)載單形
中圖分類號:O 175.13文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號:1000-5013(2024)03-0417-06
Dynamics of A n-Dimensional Gilpin-Ayala Competition Model With Seasonal Succession
CHEN Meixiang,XIE Xizhuang
(School of Mathematical Sciences,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China)
Abstract:A type of n dimensional Gilpin-Ayala competition models with seasonal succession are studied. Using the theory of monotonic dynamical systems,when n=1,the system has threshold dynamics. Using the theory of carrying simplex of discrete competitive mappings,the existence of a (n-1) dimensional carrying simplex in the n dimensional system is proved. The result shows that (n-1) dimensional carrying simplex attracts all nontrivial orbits in Rn+of the system.
Keywords:seasonal succession;Gilpin-Ayala competition model;periodic solution;Poincaré mapping;carrying simplex
1 預(yù)備知識
季節(jié)性更替是自然界的普遍現(xiàn)象,深深影響著種群的生存與增長,群落的結(jié)構(gòu)和組成[1]。當(dāng)氣溫、降水量、氣壓、濕度和季風(fēng)隨著季節(jié)的更替而變化時,種群和群落處于一個周期性波動的外部環(huán)境中[2-3]。Sommer等[4]利用季節(jié)交替模型研究種群動力學(xué)[5-7]。在經(jīng)典的n種群Gilpin-Ayala競爭模型[8-9]的基礎(chǔ)上,利用文獻(xiàn)[2,5]中的建模方法,構(gòu)造具有季節(jié)交替的n種群Gilpin-Ayala競爭模型,即
2 基本定義和引理
3 負(fù)載單形的存在性及其證明
4 結(jié)論
1)當(dāng)n=1時,系統(tǒng)(1)存在閾值動力學(xué),即當(dāng)rφ-λ(1-φ)≤0時,不管種群的初始數(shù)量處于什么水平,種群都將走向滅絕;當(dāng)rφ-λ(1-φ)>0時,系統(tǒng)(1)存在唯一的正周期解,使種群的初始數(shù)量為非零值時,最終都將收斂到這個正周期解。
2)當(dāng)n≥2時,系統(tǒng)(1)必將存在一個(n-1)維的有界不變閉曲面(負(fù)載單形),其吸引了系統(tǒng)(1)的所有非平凡軌道。
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(責(zé)任編輯:陳志賢 ?英文審校:黃心中)