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語(yǔ)篇填空解題策略

2024-08-29 00:00陳丹
初中生學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)·中考版 2024年6期

語(yǔ)篇填空是遼寧省新中考英語(yǔ)試卷筆試部分的非選擇題,通過對(duì)2024 年遼寧省初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試英語(yǔ)試卷(樣卷)分析,語(yǔ)篇填空題和高考此類題型一致,這樣也能為高中學(xué)習(xí)提供一個(gè)好的基礎(chǔ)。這種題型能全面檢測(cè)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)詞匯、語(yǔ)法,甚至是句法上的運(yùn)用能力,能更科學(xué)地反映學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合水平。其中約有3個(gè)直接填空,沒有提示,另約有7個(gè)填適當(dāng)形式,共10分。語(yǔ)篇填空是失分較多的題型,下面結(jié)合2024 年遼寧省初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試英語(yǔ)試卷(樣卷)真題,談?wù)勅绾吻捎媒忸}策略,攻克這一難關(guān)。

一、題型分析

語(yǔ)篇填空是在一篇200詞左右的短文中留出10個(gè)空白,主要考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給詞的正確形式。7個(gè)給出提示詞的空考查實(shí)詞變化,3個(gè)不給出提示詞的空考查虛詞運(yùn)用,直接填寫,一般為介詞、冠詞和連詞。

實(shí)詞的考查主要有以下幾個(gè)方向:①名詞:?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)變化、所有格變化、詞性變化(變動(dòng)詞);②形容詞:詞性變化(變副詞)、級(jí)別變化(比較級(jí)可能性較大);③副詞:詞性變化(變形容詞)、級(jí)別變化;④動(dòng)詞:謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)變化、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化、第三人稱單數(shù)變化、非謂語(yǔ)的不定式(賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ));⑤數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞變化;⑥代詞:主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞的變化。

這種題型旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用和分析能力,涉及的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目主要有詞類的句法功能、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞不定式、固定用法等。同學(xué)們?cè)趥淇紩r(shí)不僅要記住詞匯的意思和詞性,還要知道詞匯在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?,并根?jù)其語(yǔ)法功能選用正確的形式。

二、 解題思路

1.瀏覽全文,了解大意

通讀全文的目的是為了把握全文的大意,為下一步填空做好語(yǔ)義上的準(zhǔn)備。因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)義決定著空白處應(yīng)填一個(gè)什么樣的詞語(yǔ)并采用什么樣的語(yǔ)法形式。在通讀全文的過程中,為了準(zhǔn)確地把握其大意,很有必要弄清文章的題材、體裁、中心思想、寫作線索、 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、段落層次、邏輯關(guān)系、詞句理解等。這樣有助于真正讀懂文章大意,也有利于填空時(shí)進(jìn)行必要的邏輯推理,把會(huì)寫的固定搭配先寫出來。

2.精讀短文,正確填空

在通讀全文,基本把握文章大意之后,就可以著手嘗試填空了。這一步是解題的關(guān)鍵,是一個(gè)對(duì)每個(gè)段落層次以及整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇中的詞匯、句子、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行綜合分析并作出判斷的復(fù)雜的思維過程,也是對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基本功,對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇的感知能力和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)思維能力的檢驗(yàn)過程。

做題時(shí),學(xué)生對(duì)空白處的詞性能作出迅速的判斷,對(duì)文章句子的結(jié)構(gòu)能作出準(zhǔn)確的分析,然后才能準(zhǔn)確無誤地填出答案。做語(yǔ)篇填空題應(yīng)綜合考慮,先易后難。當(dāng)遇到難以判斷的空檔時(shí),不妨先放一邊,繼續(xù)往下做。因?yàn)橛行┐鸢甘潜仨毻ㄟ^下文的理解后才能作出斷定的。有時(shí),前后信息之間還有相互提示作用。因此,當(dāng)我們遇到難題時(shí),不能久久停留于此,這樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)不必要的時(shí)間。

3.復(fù)讀全文,仔細(xì)推敲

所有的空白處都填好了。這時(shí),我們有必要把整篇文章從頭至尾復(fù)讀一遍。

從語(yǔ)義和邏輯的角度審視全文,從詞義辨析、詞語(yǔ)搭配和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)等方方面仔細(xì)推敲,看其語(yǔ)法是否正確,行文是否通順流暢,條理是否清晰,邏輯是否合理,讀起來是否符合語(yǔ)感。要仔細(xì)揣摩,準(zhǔn)確定奪,重點(diǎn)檢查沒有給詞的空,若空后是序數(shù)詞或是最高級(jí)記得加the。

另外,還要特別注意單詞的拼寫,千萬(wàn)不能犯由于單詞寫錯(cuò)而導(dǎo)致失分的低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。

4.再讀短文,查缺補(bǔ)漏

結(jié)合基本語(yǔ)法和上下文語(yǔ)境,驗(yàn)證答案。重點(diǎn)檢查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、單詞大小寫、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)以及第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

三、 真題鏈接

【試題】(2023-2024學(xué)年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市和平區(qū)九上期末試卷)

閱讀短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空,使短文通順、連貫。

Today, AI is very smart. It can write an article, create a piece of art, etc. And now, it can even read your mind and translate it into text . This new AI tool__51

(develop) by a team in the U.S.A last year.

The tool has two main parts, a scanner (掃描儀) and an AI system called GPT-1.The scanner can record__52__(people) brain activities. Three human volunteers__53__(take) part in the team’s experiment. Each person spent sixteen hours listening__54 stories. The people imagined the stories as they heard them. And the scanner recorded their brain activities.

These recordings and the text of the stories were put into GPT-1. It then made connections between__55__(they).

Then came the test: some__56__(scientist) let the volunteers listen to some new stories. This time, GPT-1 was given only their brain activity recordings. The AI system then wrote out the stories according to the recordings.

The results were very similar to the correct answers. The words weren’t exactly the same.__57 they often carried the same meaning. One of the test stories, for example, was about a person who didn’t have a driver’s license. GPT-1 came up with this: “She has not learnt__58__(drive) yet.”

The scientists say that GPT-1 is the__59__(one) AI system to turn humans’ thoughts into words. Some people have lost the ability to speak because of injury or disease. In the future, this technology could be__60__(use) to them.

【文章大意】

本文主要介紹了一種新的科技GPT-1,它能把人們的想法變成文字。

【答案解析】

51.考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:“這種新的AI工具是去年由美國(guó)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的?!敝髡Z(yǔ)this new Al tool與a team之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,develop“開發(fā)”,根據(jù)“l(fā)ast year”可知,時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,be動(dòng)詞用 was,develop的過去分詞為developed。故填was developed。

52.考查名詞所有格。句意:“掃描儀可以記錄人們的大腦活動(dòng)?!笨瞻滋幮揎椕~,應(yīng)用所給單詞people的所有格形式。故填people’s。

53.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:“3名志愿者參加了該團(tuán)隊(duì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)?!眛ake part in“參加”,時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),take的過去式為took。故填 took。

54.考查介詞。句意:“每個(gè)人花了16個(gè)小時(shí)聽故事?!眑isten to story“聽故事”,固定搭配。故填to。

55.考查代詞。句意:“然后它在它們之間建立了聯(lián)系?!苯樵~between后面應(yīng)該加賓格形式,they的賓格形式為them。故填them。

56.考查名詞。句意:“然后是測(cè)試:一些科學(xué)家讓志愿者聽一些新故事?!眘cientist“科學(xué)家”可數(shù)名詞,some修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填scientists。

57.考查連詞。句意:“但它們往往具有相同的含義。”根據(jù)“The words weren’t exactly the same. (這些話并不完全一樣。)”可知前后句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,用but連接,句子首字母大寫。故填But。

58.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:“GPT-1得出這樣的結(jié)論:‘她還沒有學(xué)會(huì)開車?!眑earn to do sth“學(xué)會(huì)做某事”,固定搭配,drive“開車”,空白處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。故填to drive。

59.考查序數(shù)詞。句意:“科學(xué)家們表示,GPT-1是第一個(gè)將人類思想轉(zhuǎn)化為文字的人工智能系統(tǒng)?!备鶕?jù)“the”及所給單詞提示可知,空白處應(yīng)用one的序數(shù)詞first,表示第一個(gè)。故填 first。

60.考查形容詞。句意:“在未來,這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可能對(duì)他們有用?!?be useful to sb“對(duì)某人有用”,be動(dòng)詞后面加形容詞,use的形容詞為 useful。故填useful。

四、跟蹤練習(xí)

閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

According to some old Chinese stories, there once was__1 ancient emperor named Shennong. At that time, people could not tell the difference between medicinal(藥用的)and poisonous(有毒的) plants. When they got sick, there was no medicine to treat their illnesses. Many sick people could only wait for__2__(die). To save his people, Shennong decided__3__(find) and test out different plants. He and his followers__4__(set) out on a journey in search of medicinally effective plants. Once, they saw a large forest on a high cliff (懸崖) from a distance.__5

there must be many different kinds of plants, they couldn’t find a way to the cliff.__6__(sudden), they saw some monkeys climbing along the vines and trees hanging down from the cliff. Shennong was inspired by the scene. He asked his followers to cut down the tree trunks and vines. Together they built a scaffold(腳手架). With its help, they climbed to the cliff and collected many__7__(value) plants.

Each time the team found a new type of plant, Shennong would taste it__8

(he). Some plants made him sleepy. Some caused him to suffer pains in his stomach. Some made him tremble(顫抖) all over.__9 searching and testing over a long period of time, he and his followers managed to discover hundreds of medicinal plants.

One day, Shennong tested a poisonous plant by mistake, and passed away later. People covered him with thousands of flowers. From then on, Shennong__10__(call) the “Emperor of Medicine”.

答案:1.an 2. death 3. to find 4. set 5. Although / Though 6. Suddenly 7. valuable 8. himself 9. After / By 10. was called / has been called

總之,要做好語(yǔ)篇填空題,理解短文是解題的前提,扎實(shí)的詞匯、句型和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是基礎(chǔ),英語(yǔ)國(guó)家背景知識(shí)是必要的補(bǔ)充。對(duì)于初中學(xué)生來說,及時(shí)快速地掌握語(yǔ)篇填空這種題型的解題方法與技巧是很重要的。因此在現(xiàn)階段的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中就應(yīng)該做到學(xué)以致用,并根據(jù)考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析歸納,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),以便在實(shí)踐中取得好成績(jī)。