陳金文

對比類寫作已成為英語書面表達中一個非常重要的形式。不管是在工作學習中，還是在日常生活中，對比是人們分析問題和解決問題的重要方法和手段，這就不難理解為什么對比類寫作是高考寫作中的一個重要形式了。

【突破策略】

對比類寫作一般有兩種方式：一是集中比較或對比（集中說明一個對象的諸種特征）；二是逐點比較或對比（一條一條地說明兩者的異同）。比類寫作大致可以分為以下兩種：

一、今昔對比

在作今昔對比時，要注意時態(tài)的變化。在談到過去的情況時要用過去時態(tài)（主要是一般過去時），在談到現(xiàn)在的情況時要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（主要是一般現(xiàn)在時）。

今昔對比的寫作常見模式是：開頭（提出什么事情發(fā)生了變化）→對具體事例作對比→結論。寫作方式既可采用集中比較，也可采用逐點比較。在寫作時可用以下句型來組織完成整篇文章：

1. 開頭常用句型

(1) Great changes have taken place. 發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China.

Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.

(2) Things have begun to improve since ... 自從……以來，事情有了好轉 / 改善。

Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.

2. 對比常用句型

(1)used to ... , but now...過去常……，但是現(xiàn)在……

(2)... in the past, but now ... 在過去……，但是現(xiàn)在……

(3)once ... , but now ... 曾經(jīng)……，但是現(xiàn)在……

(4)Things are different now. 情況已大不同了。

(5)But now, everything has changed. 但是現(xiàn)在全變了。例如：

Where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library.

My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home.

Once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV.

在作對比時，為避免句型重復，可適當變換一些句式，比如：

(1)Another change is ...再有一個變化是……

Another big change is in the housing conditions.

(2)Whats more, ... 還有……

Whats more, I can go to bed earlier than in the past.

3. 結尾常用句型

In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.

2004年北京春季高考題范文

Changes In Our Life

Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life(主題句). Take my family for example(過渡句). My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home(對比一). And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV(對比二). Another big change is in the housing conditions(過渡句). When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment(對比三). In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience(總結句).

在寫這類文章時，首先要寫好主題句。同學們在審題時要把握全局，把全文要說明的主題在第一句就交待清楚。然后根據(jù)所給材料，展開今昔對比。對比時不要單調(diào)地使用同一句型，要稍有變化，并且中間要有恰當?shù)倪^渡句。最后寫好總結句，即你對這種現(xiàn)象作出自己的理解或判斷。

二、正反觀點對比

對同一件事情，人們常有不同的看法，即正反兩種觀點。在寫作時，常使用一般現(xiàn)在時。寫作格式一般是：提出問題→兩種不同的觀點→對兩種不同觀點的論據(jù)（理由）逐項作對比。有時題目會要求說出自己的觀點，可在結尾段加上自己的觀點并簡要說明理由，最好不要重復前面已談到的理由。寫作方式一般采用集中比較。在寫作時可用以下句型來組織完成整篇文章：

正反觀點對比常用句型

(1)We have a discussion about ... 我們對……進行了一次討論。

Weve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.

(2)We have had a survey on ...我們對……進行了一次調(diào)查。

Weve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools.

(3)Opinions are divided on the question. 在這個問題上意見有分歧。

(4)Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 有兩種不同的意見。

(5)Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同的看法。

(6)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of the students think otherwise. 有60%的學生支持這個觀點，然而有40%的學生則不這樣認為。

(7)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to ... , but forty percent of the students dont think so. 60%的學生認為……是必須的，而40%的學生則不這樣認為。

(8)On the one hand, … on the other hand, …… 一方面……，另一方面……

在對某一觀點作進一步論證時，可用下列句型：

(1)Whats more, ... 還有就是……

Whats more, we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study, as well as improve our English.

(2)Besides, ... 除此之外……

Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides, its far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family.

當然在提出多個論據(jù)時，也可用First, ... Second, ... Third, ...來列舉論據(jù)。

2004湖北高考題范文

The students of Class 2 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood（提出問題）.

Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood（觀點一）. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning（論據(jù)）.

But others do not agree（觀點二）. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very easy for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning（論據(jù)）. In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.

可以看出這類文章的寫作，首先要提出問題，即雙方討論的問題。接下來提出觀點一，并用一系列的論據(jù)進行闡明。說明完觀點一之后，再提出觀點二，繼續(xù)用論據(jù)進行說明。如果需要說明自己的觀點，可接下來展開表達。