趙 賢
Unit 7
1.a bit; a little
a bit和a little在肯定句中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)時(shí),可以互換。表示“一點(diǎn)兒”的意思。例如:
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little louder so as to make himself heard more clearly.
講演者把嗓門提高了一點(diǎn),以便使別人聽得更清楚一些。
In fact, the earth is actually a bit/a little nearer to the sun during the winter. 事實(shí)上,冬天地球離太陽更近一些。
a bit和a little在否定句中意思恰恰相反,not a bit相當(dāng)于“not at all”(一點(diǎn)兒都不),not a little相當(dāng)于“very(much)”。例如:
He wasnt a bit hungry.(=He wasnt hungry at all.) 他一點(diǎn)兒都不餓。
He wasnt a little hungry.(=He was very hungry.) 他餓極了。
注意:not a bit可分開使用,而not a little不可分開。
a little可直接作名詞的定語,而a bit則要在后面加of構(gòu)成短語才能作定語,二者都只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
Theres only a little(=a bit of) food left for lunch.
午餐只剩一點(diǎn)兒食物了。
說明:a bit of的復(fù)數(shù)形式是bits of, a little不能變復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
He took some paper and a few bits of wood and soon made a fire.
他取出一些報(bào)紙和一些木片很快生著了火。
There were bits of broken glass on the floor.
地板上有好幾塊玻璃碎片。
2. tall; high
tall常指長(zhǎng)度、高度,往往含有高度或長(zhǎng)度遠(yuǎn)過于寬度的細(xì)長(zhǎng)形的東西的意味,常用來指人或動(dòng)物。其反義詞是short。high主要強(qiáng)調(diào)高于地面之上的垂直高度或借喻性的高。如:高山、高溫、高速、高價(jià)等。其反義詞是low。如:
a tall horse, a tall man, a tall tree, a high mountain, a high level, high clouds, high in price, high heels(高跟鞋)等。
指建筑物“高”既可用tall,也可用high。如:a tall/high building。
指人身材高矮用tall,也可用high。例如:
My brother is taller than me. 我弟弟比我個(gè)子高。
He is six feet high. 他身高六英尺。
指某人所處的空間位置高,只能用high,不能用tall。因?yàn)閠all僅指從頭到腳的一段長(zhǎng)度,而high既可指從頭到腳的長(zhǎng)度,也可指離地面的一段距離。
3. person; people
person可以指man, woman或child,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是people。用person則強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量的概念,比較正式。一個(gè)人應(yīng)該說“a person”;不能說“a people”;兩個(gè)人則可以說“two persons”或“two people”。例如:
There are only three persons in the room. 房間里只有三個(gè)人。
Among the people at the party, I did not know a single person.
聚會(huì)的人中,我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)。
people泛指人們;the people指人民或確指的人們;a people, peoples指民族,種族。例如:
Were there many people at the meeting? 出席會(huì)議的人多嗎?
The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中華民族是勤勞的民族。
We should study hard for the people. 我們應(yīng)該為人民而努力學(xué)習(xí)。
4. as; like
“像,如同”。like用于說明類似關(guān)系,即兩者在形態(tài)上或性質(zhì)上有相似之處,但并不等同。例如:
Dont treat me like a guest. 別把我當(dāng)客人。
Like Lei Feng he has done a lot of good deals.
他像雷鋒那樣,做了許多好事。
as指“身份”或“資格”等,意為“作為,看作”等。例如:
Dont treat me as a child. 別把我當(dāng)孩子看。
She has got a job as an editor. 她找到一份擔(dān)任編輯的工作。
比較以下兩句:
He works like a worker. 他像工人一樣干活。(言外之意:He really isnot a worker.)
He works as a worker. 他作為一名工人而工作。(言外之意:He himself is a worker.)
like常見搭配有:look like, be like, like this, like that等。例如:
Dont treat him like that. 別那樣對(duì)待他。
What does she look like? 她看起來怎樣?
5. stop doing sth.; stop to do sth.
stop doing sth.意為“停止(正在)做的事情”。doing在句中是stop的賓語。例如:
When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking and laughing.
當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)來時(shí),學(xué)生們停止了談笑。
stop to do sth.意為“停下(正在做的事)去做某事”。to do sth.在句中是目的狀語。例如:
He stopped to write a letter to her. 他停下手邊的工作,給她寫信。
Unit 8
6. as well as; also; too
三個(gè)詞語都可表示“也”,但用法不同:
1)as well as 是并列連詞,表示“也,還,同樣”,用來連接同等成分即名詞,代詞,動(dòng)詞(用動(dòng)詞的ing形式),形容詞,介詞短語,不定式等。
注意:(A)連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。如:
She as well as you is a student. 她和你一樣也是一個(gè)學(xué)生。
(B)連接不定式時(shí),第一個(gè)不定式帶to, 第二個(gè)不帶to。如:
We want her to do the housework as well as look after the children.
我們要她既照顧孩子也干家務(wù)。
2)also是副詞,表示“也, 還”,用在肯定句中。一般說來also是比較正式的用語,它經(jīng)常放在句中,其位置在行為動(dòng)詞之前,be動(dòng)詞之后。如有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,一般放在其后。如:
He also studies in that school. 他也在那個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
I can also tell you a story. 我也能給你講個(gè)故事。
3)too副詞,表示“也, 還”,用在肯定句中。一般放在句末,可用逗號(hào)隔開,也可不用。如置于句中,需前后用逗號(hào)分開。如:
He is in Class Two, too. 他也在二班。
She, too, is a singer. 她也是一位歌唱家。
7. big; great; large
三個(gè)都是形容詞,表示“大”的意思。都可以在句中作定語和表語,只是程度和搭配上有差異。
1)big 使用得最廣,反義詞是small,可以指范圍、重量、面積等方面,較口語化。如:
It is a big apple. 這是個(gè)大蘋果。
There is a big tree in front of the house. 房前有一棵大樹。
2)great常側(cè)重于抽象化的東西,常帶有主觀的感情色彩。用來指人時(shí)表示“偉大的;杰出的”之意。如:
China is a great country. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家。
3)large 常用來指面積、體積、容積和數(shù)量,不常指人。如:
There is a large hall in our school. 我們學(xué)校有一個(gè)大廳。