龍　敏

非謂語動(dòng)詞是中學(xué)英語中的重要語法項(xiàng)目，也是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一。非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種形式：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過去分詞。筆者對近幾年各地的中考試卷進(jìn)行了分析，總結(jié)了非謂語動(dòng)詞的八大熱門考點(diǎn)，并以2007年各地中考題為例進(jìn)行講解，以期對同學(xué)們的復(fù)習(xí)迎考有所幫助。

【考點(diǎn)1】it代替不定式作形式主語的情況

【典型試題】

Its very nice ____ pictures for me. (2007年天津)

A. of you to draw B. for you to draw

C. for you drawing D. of you drawing

【簡析】本題句中it為形式主語，it作形式主語一般代替的都是不定式，故后面空格處填的應(yīng)該是個(gè)不定式，所以先排除選項(xiàng)C和D；又因?yàn)榫渲械男稳菰~是nice，要用of引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞不定式短語的邏輯主語，所以本題正確答案為A。

[解題點(diǎn)撥] ◆當(dāng)較長的不定式作主語時(shí)，習(xí)慣用it作形式主語，把真正的不定式主語放在句末，構(gòu)成“It is+形容詞+（for/of sb.）to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu), 其中it作句子的形式主語,真正的主語是“for/of sb. to do sth.”；

◆當(dāng)句子中的形容詞是諸如brave, good, clever, careful, wise, stupid, foolish, nice, polite等用來說明人的性格、特征、品德等單詞時(shí)，用of引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞不定式短語的邏輯主語；

◆若句子中的形容詞是諸如important, necessary, natural等表示事物的特點(diǎn)，行為本身的單詞,則用for引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞不定式短語的邏輯主語。

【考點(diǎn)2】非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語

【典型試題】

1. ——Would you mind ____ my pet dog when I am out?

——Sorry, I cant. I have to study for my test this week.

（2007年重慶）

A. take care of B. taking care of

C. to take care of D. taking care

【簡析】mind后面跟v-ing形式，所以先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；又因?yàn)閠ake care of“照顧”是固定短語，所以正確答案為B。

2. ——There goes the bell.

——Its time for class. Lets stop ____.（07年福州）

A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. not talk

【簡析】stop doing sth. 的含義與 stop to do sth.不同。前者表示“停止做某事”,后者表示“停下正在做的事去做另外一件事”。本題句意為“上課了，咱們該停止說話了”，所以答案選C。

[解題點(diǎn)撥] 不定式、v-ing形式均可作賓語，分以下幾種情況：

◆多數(shù)動(dòng)詞后面既可接不定式又可接v-ing形式作賓語，兩者并無區(qū)別，如：begin, start等；

◆某些動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式作賓語，如：hope, wish, expect, pretend,decide, plan, seem等；

◆有些動(dòng)詞和詞組后面只能接v-ing形式作賓語，如enjoy, be busy, cant help, suggest, include, keep on, consider, finish, practice, put off, miss, give up, imagine, feel like, mind等；

◆有些動(dòng)詞后面既可接不定式又可接v-ing形式作賓語，但意義和用法大不相同。例如：

1. stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

2. remember/forget doing sth. 記得/忘了曾經(jīng)做過某事

remember/forget to do sth. 記住/忘了要去做某事

3. go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事

go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事

4. try doing sth. 試著做某事

try to do sth. 努力去做某事

【考點(diǎn)3】非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

【典型試題】

1. He didnt feel very well yesterday, so his mother told him ____ a rest. (2007年桂林)

A. to have B. has C. had D. having

【簡析】tell sb．后面應(yīng)用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，所以答案選A。

2. When I got home, I found my pet dog ____(lie) on the floor, dead. (2007年蘭州)

【簡析】本題意為“我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的寵物狗躺在地板上”， 故應(yīng)該填上表主動(dòng)意義的v-ing形式，用作賓語補(bǔ)足語；lie的動(dòng)詞-ing形式為lying。

3. She tells her son to have his hair ____ (cut) every other month. (2007年蘭州)

【簡析】分析語境可知“頭發(fā)應(yīng)該被修剪”， 故填表被動(dòng)意義的過去分詞cut作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

[解題點(diǎn)撥]◆不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語多考查ask/tell/want/invite/order/warn sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)；

◆現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語多強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行、主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；

◆過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語多強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

◆不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)就變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，它多出現(xiàn)于be asked/told/invited/ordered/warned to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

◆特別需要注意的是:hope， suggest， stop等詞后面不可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

【考點(diǎn)4】疑問詞+不定式

【典型試題】

——My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know ____.

——Lets read the instructions.(2007年河南)

A. what to use B. which one to use

C. how to use it D. when to use it

【簡析】分析語境邏輯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空表示“不知道如何使用MP4”，可用“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)how to use it作賓語。

[解題點(diǎn)撥]◆what, who, which等連接代詞與及物動(dòng)詞的不定式連用時(shí),這些連接代詞本身已經(jīng)是該不定式的邏輯賓語,故無需再在該不定式后面用一個(gè)名詞或代詞作賓語；

◆如果動(dòng)詞不定式與how, when, where等連接副詞連用時(shí),則該動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)為不及物動(dòng)詞或“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語”。

【考點(diǎn)5】不定式省略to

【典型試題】

1. Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them ____ how much they mean to us. (2007年哈爾濱)

A. to know B. knowing C. know

【簡析】本句中make為使役動(dòng)詞，后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語應(yīng)省to，所以選C。

2. The young man was often seen ____ by the lake.(2007年濟(jì)南)

A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew

【簡析】本題感官動(dòng)詞see為被動(dòng)形式，則其后充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)帶to，所以選A。

3. Wed better ____ off our mobile phones. The meeting will start in a minute. (2007年上海)

A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned

【簡析】had better后面接不定式應(yīng)省to，所以選C。

[解題點(diǎn)撥]◆在hear, see, watch, notice, observe等感官動(dòng)詞和make, have, let等使役動(dòng)詞后面應(yīng)跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。若這些使役動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)形式,則其后充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)帶to；

◆would rather, had better, why not后面應(yīng)該跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。

【考點(diǎn)6】非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式

【典型試題】

1. Our teacher told us again ____ to each other in the library.

(2007年成都)

A. to speak B. not to speak C. dont speak

【簡析】根據(jù)句意“老師叫我們不要說話”先排除選項(xiàng)A；又因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ阶髻e語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)其否定式為not to do sth.，所以答案選B。

2. Please dont play basketball here, will you? (改為同義句)

Would you ____ ____ playing basketball here? (2007年茂名)

【簡析】根據(jù)句意“你介意不要在這里打籃球嗎？”可知該用v-ing形式的否定式mind not playing basketball。

[解題點(diǎn)撥] ◆動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是在to前面加not或never等否定詞，構(gòu)成“not/never+to do sth.”；

◆“had better(not) do sth.”及“have/make/let sb. (not) do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，若要表達(dá)否定意義，則用“not+動(dòng)詞原形”；

◆v-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。

【考點(diǎn)7】不定式作狀語

【典型試題】

——What should I do, Doctor? (2007年江西省)

——____ healthy, you should take more exercise.

A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Having kept

【簡析】分析語境邏輯可知，該空表示“為了保持健康”，因此應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語，所以選擇C。

【典型試題】

The father is creative enough ____ so many nice toys for his daughter. （2007年鎮(zhèn)江）

A. buying B. making C. to buy D. to make

【簡析】本題考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)“enough to…”，動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語，所以先排除A和B；又因?yàn)榫渲杏衏reative表示“有創(chuàng)造力的”，所以答案應(yīng)選D (to make)。

[解題點(diǎn)撥] ◆不定式?？捎米鳡钫Z，修飾動(dòng)詞，表示行為的目的、結(jié)果、原因等；

◆為加強(qiáng)語氣在不定式前還可加上in order或so as組成詞組（即：in order to…，so as to…），作狀語表示目的；

◆在“so…as to…”，“such…as to…”，“enough to…”，“only to…”以及“too…to…”等結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式皆表示結(jié)果。

【考點(diǎn)8】動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語

【典型試題】

In the future, there isnt going to ____ enough space to ____ on the earth.（07年蘭州）

A. have; stand in B. be; stand

C. have; stand D. be; stand in

[簡析]由there be結(jié)構(gòu)可以先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；又因?yàn)閟tand是不及物動(dòng)詞，故用作后置定語時(shí)應(yīng)在stand后面加介詞in，所以正確答案為D。

[解題點(diǎn)撥]若作后置定語用的動(dòng)詞不定式本身為不及物動(dòng)詞，則應(yīng)在該不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

鞏固練習(xí)：

1. It is everyones duty ____ the laws.

A. obeying B. obey C. to obey D. obeyed

2. Lucy wants ____ a new pen.

A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. buys

3. On her way home， Lucy saw a thief ____ in a shop． She stopped

____ 110 at once.

A. steal, call B. to steal, call

C. stealing, to call D. stealing, calling

4. The girls were asked ____ out at night．

A． to not go B． not go C． not to go D. didnt go

5. I hope Tina ____ to my birthday party on time next Wednesday．

A. to come B. come C. came D. will come

6. ——Shopping with me?

——Sorry． I have a lot of clothes ____.

A. to wash B. washed C. wash D. to be washed

7. Yesterday morning I got up early ____ be late for the exam．

A. in order to B. in order to not

C. so as not to D. so as to

8. ——Millie, could you give me some advice? I dont know ____.

——Why dont you wear this red shirt?

A. when to wear B. what to wear

C. how to wear D. where to wear

9. ——Is Wei Fang good at singing?

——Yes, she is. We often hear her ____ in the next room.

A. to sing B. sings C. sing D. sang

10. The boy is old enough ____ the army.

A. joining B. joining in C. to join D. to join in

Key:1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C