曾　軍

中考復(fù)習(xí)迎考千頭萬緒，同學(xué)們對(duì)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的各種不同的句式，常感覺無從下手。而不少句型或因交際范圍廣，或因結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙而在中考試卷上頻繁出現(xiàn)，成為名副其實(shí)的名句。本文談?wù)勚锌汲Ｒ娒涞氖褂锰攸c(diǎn)及在中考中的考查情況，幫助同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)初中英語句式考點(diǎn)，以便同學(xué)們?cè)诳荚囍腥〉脙?yōu)異的成績。

一、“花費(fèi)”句型

spend句型為（1）Sb. spends some money/time on sth.（2）Sb. spends some money/time(in) doing sth.

take句型為（1）It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.（2）Sb. takes some time to do sth.（3）Sth. takes (sb.) some time.

cost句型為（1）Sth. costs sb. some money.（2）It costs (sb.) some money to do sth.（3）Sth. costs (sb.) time, labour, life, …

pay句型為（1）Sb. pays some money for sth.（2）One pays sb./sth. (for sth.).（3）One pays sb. some money for sth.（4）One pays sb. some money to do sth.（5）Sb. pays for sth.如：

1. He bought a pair of new slippers and it ____ him 20 yuan.

(2006貴陽市)

A. cost B. paid C. spent

2. What a beautiful sweater!How much did you ____ for it?

(2006南京市)

A. take B. cost C. pay D. spend

3. His parents were worried that he ____ too much time chatting on line. (2006北京市)

A. spent B. cost C. paid D. had

4. It took Li Ming an hour ____ his bike yesterday.(2006岳陽市)

A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair

答案:1.A 2.C 3.A 4.A

注：take作“花費(fèi)”解時(shí)，若主語是it，take既可用于花時(shí)間，也可用于花金錢，若主語是人或事物，則只能用于時(shí)間。cost雖可用作及物動(dòng)詞，但不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，cost作“花費(fèi)”解時(shí)，主語只能是事物或it，不能是人，接雙賓語時(shí)，若只接錢數(shù)時(shí)，作“價(jià)值”講。pay作“花費(fèi)、付款”時(shí)，主語只能是人，不能是物。

二、祈使句+and/or+陳述句

在這兩個(gè)句型中，祈使句表示條件，陳述句表示結(jié)果，陳述句常用一般將來時(shí)；句型中的祈使句有時(shí)也可用名詞短語代替；如果祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的肯定條件狀語從句，陳述句表示一個(gè)令人高興或愉快的結(jié)果，常用and，這時(shí)句意是肯定的，and意為“那么，那就”；如果祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的否定條件狀語從句，陳述句表示一個(gè)令人不高興或不愉快的結(jié)果，常用or，這時(shí)句意是否定的，or意為“否則，要不然”。如：

1. Work hard, ____ you may catch up with your classmates soon.

(2006重慶)

A. or B. but C. and D. yet

2. ——Be careful, ____ you will make mistakes in your exam.

——I know, Mum. One can never be too careful.(2006河南)

A. and B. or C. not D. but

3. Hurry up, or youll miss the early train.(改為If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句)

(2004煙臺(tái)市)

If you ____ ____ ____, youll miss the early train.

4. Stand higher, and you will see far away.(改為If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句)(2004重慶市)

____ ____ stand at a higher place, youll see far away.

答案:1.C 2.B 3.dont hurry up 4.If you

三、there be句型

在there be句型中，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其緊鄰的主語保持一致，be有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。其反意疑問句的主語用there，there be與have的區(qū)別為：there be句型表示“存在”關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為“there+be+人/物+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間”，譯為“某地(某時(shí))有某物(某人)”，主語在謂語be之后。而have表示“所有，占有”關(guān)系，譯成漢語為“某人(物)擁有某(人)物”，主語在have前。如：

1. There ____ some old people taking a walk in the park.

(2006重慶市)

A. are B. is C. has D. have

2. There is going to ____ a sports meeting next week. If it ____,

well have to cancel it. (2006 汕頭市)

A. be; will rain B. have; will rain C. be; rains

3. There ____ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow

morning. (2005武漢市)

A. has B. is going to be C. will have D. has been

4. There is little milk in the bottle.（變反意疑問句）（2005年桂林）

There is little milk in the bottle， ____ ____？

答案:1.A 2.C 3.B 4.is there

四、感嘆句

常見的感嘆句有How和What開頭的兩種形式，How用于修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞，What用于修飾名詞或名詞詞組。它們的常見句型為：1.What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語！2.What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式+主語+謂語！3.What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語！4.How+形容詞+主語+謂語！5.How+副詞+主語+謂語！6.How+主語+謂語！7.How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語！what或how引起的感嘆句在口語中?？梢允÷灾髡Z、謂語或其它句子成分。如：

1. ____ exciting game it is!(2006吉林)

A. What B. What an C. How D. How much

2. ____ it is from Chengdu to Jiuzhaigou!(2006岳陽市)

A. How long way B. How a long way

C. What long way D. What a long way

3. ____ lovely weather!Lets go on a picnic.(2006沈陽市)

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

4. ____ long the bridge is!Let me drive you over it. (2005南通市)

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

答案：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C

五、比較句型

(1)A＋動(dòng)詞＋(much， a lot， a little, a bit, far)+比較級(jí)＋than＋另一比較對(duì)象。

本句型表示兩者之間進(jìn)行比較，可改為“not so/as＋原級(jí)＋as或prefer…to/rather than…”句型。如：

1. This year our school is ____ than it was last year. (2006陜西)

A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful

C. the most beautiful D. beautiful

2. Henry is a little ____ than Bill. (2006成都)

A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest

3. Jim likes football better than volleyball．(2004廣東)

Jim ____ football ____ volleyball．

答案：1.A 2.B 3.prefers…to

(2)“A＋動(dòng)詞＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as B”或否定式“A＋動(dòng)詞＋not+as/so＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as B”，肯定式表示A與B兩者在某一方面相等，否定式表示A在某一方面不如B，兩個(gè)句型都用形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。否定式可改為less…than結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

1. ——Who did better, Kate or Ann?

——I think Kate did just ____ Ann. (2005內(nèi)蒙古)

A. as well as B. as good as

C. as better as D. more badly than

2. ——Travelling by plane is ____ than travelling by train.

——Yes, but it is not so ____ as travelling by train. (2006深圳市)

A. quickly; cheaper B. more quick; cheaply

C. quick; more cheap D. quicker; cheap

3. Shark is getting old and can not jump as ____ as he did.

(2006杭州市)

A. high B. higher C. highest D. much higher

4. I think this book is not so interesting as that one. （改為同義句)

I think this book is ____ interesting ____ that one. (2004廣州市)

答案：1.A 2.D 3.A 4.less…than

(3)the＋比較級(jí)(+主語+謂語)，the+比較級(jí)(+主語+謂語)

表示一方隨另一方的程度變化而變化，意為“越……越……”，句子的主語和謂語可以省略。如：

1. ——Remember, boys and girls. ____ you work, ____ result you

will get.

——We know, Miss Gao. (06河北)

A. The better; the harder B. The harder; the better

C. The hard; the better D. The harder; the good

2. Read more books, and you will get more knowledge. (06濟(jì)南市)The ____ ____ you read， the ____ ____ you will get.(改為同義句)

答案:1.B 2.more books， more knowledge

六、it句型

(1)It is+形容詞+for/of sb.+to do sth.

It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.側(cè)重說明某人做某事的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的性質(zhì)、情況，并不涉及人的品質(zhì)，常用于表示客觀情況的形容詞，該形容詞是形容句末的主語（動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作），這樣的形容詞有difficult, easy,hard, important, impossible, necessary等；在句型It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.中，側(cè)重表明對(duì)某人做某事的評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是人，常用careless,clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。形容詞修飾的是不定式前的sb.，在邏輯上可以作sb.的表語。如：

1. Its important ____ the piano well. (2006天津市)

A. of him to play B. for him to play

C. of him playing D. for him playing

2. Its very nice ____ you to get me two tickets ____ the World

Cup.(2004安徽)

A. for; of B. of; for C. for; for D. of; of

3. Its very nice for you to bring me the newspaper and magazines.

ABC D

(改錯(cuò))(2006南京市)

答案：1.B 2.B 3.for改為of

(2)Sb. finds it形容詞/名詞+to do sth.

意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)干……怎么樣”，這里it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語，形容詞或名詞是賓補(bǔ)。主句中常用的動(dòng)詞為think, believe, make, find, consider, feel。如：

1. Jim finds ____ easy to remember all the English words. ____ a

smart child he is! (2006深圳市)

A. it; What B. that; How C. this; What D. it; How

2. Smokers always find ____ difficult to give up smoking.

(2006貴陽市)

A. it B. that C. this

答案:1.A 2.A

(3)It is/has been+段時(shí)間+since從句

句意為“自從……以來有多長時(shí)間了”。主句中時(shí)間段作表語，其時(shí)態(tài)可用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句常是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞。如：

1. It ____ ten years since we last ____ in Beijing. (05河北)

A. was; met B. has been; met C. was; meet D. is; meet

2. Oh, dear!Surprised to meet you here. ____ since we last met.

(05云南)

A. It is a long time B. How I miss you

C. I havent seen you D. Itd been a long time

答案:1.B 2.A

（4）Its time for+sth./Its time to do sth./Its time for sb. to do sth.

這個(gè)句型可譯為“該做某事了”或“到做某事的時(shí)候了”。如：

1. 是我們努力學(xué)習(xí)英語的時(shí)候了。(翻譯) （2004長沙）

It is ____ for us ____ study English hard.

2. Its time for us ____ games now. （2005貴州）

A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play

答案:1.time; to 2.D

（5）Its ones turn to do sth.

這個(gè)句型可譯為“輪到某人做某事了”。如：

輪到你在會(huì)上發(fā)言了。(翻譯)(2006天津市）

Its ____ ____ to speak in the meeting.

答案: your turn

七、“So/Neither/Nor+動(dòng)詞+主語”或“So+主語+動(dòng)詞”

“So+助動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語?！背Ｓ脕碚f明前面所說的情況也同樣適用于后面的人或物，意為“某人（物）也一樣”，so相當(dāng)于also，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的時(shí)態(tài)和前句保持一致，助動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）必須與前句的謂語動(dòng)詞和后句的主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致；“So+主語+助動(dòng)詞（be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）。”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“的確如此、確實(shí)如此”，so相當(dāng)于indeed，表示后者贊同前者的話或意見，只是進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)并重復(fù)前句所述的內(nèi)容。前后句的主語指的是同一人或物。如果前面的句子是否定句，則用neither/nor，說明前句否定的情況也適用于后面的句子，相當(dāng)于either用于否定句，助動(dòng)詞后要用肯定形式，neither適用于兩者，nor適用于兩者或兩者以上。如：

1. ——How well Alan dances!

——I cant believe my eyes!____. (06濰坊市)

A. So he does B. So does he C. So I do D. So do I

2. ——Did you go to the school party last night?

——Yes, I did. ____. (06深圳市)

A. So did Tim B. So Tim did C. Tim do so D. Tim went so

3. Peter doesnt know much French. ____. (05 山東)

A. So do I B. So am I C. Neither do I D. Neither am I

答案:1.A 2.A 3.C

八、so/such…that從句

so/such…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以致于”，such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so后面是跟形容詞還是副詞由so前面的謂語動(dòng)詞類型決定，如果前面謂語動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，用形容詞，如果是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，用副詞，如果名詞前有many, few, much, little等修飾時(shí)用so，它們的常用句型為：(1) so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句。 (2)such a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that從句。(2)such＋形容詞＋復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞＋that從句。(4)so＋形容詞＋a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that從句。 (5)so many/few/much/little+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that+從句。當(dāng)so…that引導(dǎo)的從句為肯定句時(shí)，并且主、從句的主語一致，可用enough to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句。當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為肯定句時(shí)，但主、從句的主語不一致，可用enough for sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為簡單句。當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為否定句時(shí)，并且主、從句中的主語一致，可用too…to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句。當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的從句為否定句時(shí)，并且主、從句的主語不一致，可用too…for sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成簡單句。 如：

1. She worked so quietly ____ no one knew she was there.

(2006杭州市)

A. which B. after C. as D. that

2. The drink is ____ delicious ____ I enjoy it very much.

(2006哈爾濱市)

A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that

3. Beijing has ____ many buses that there is often traffic jam in

rush hours. (2004重慶市)

A. so B. such C. too D. much

4. Uncle Wang is ____ man that he always helps others.

(2004北京市)

A. such friendly of B. such a friendly

C. such friendly D. so friendly

5. David was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper.(改為同義句)(2004福州市)

David was ____ careless ____ find the mistakes in his test paper.

答案:1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.too; to

九、請(qǐng)求或請(qǐng)求許可句型

(1)Would （Do） you mind…?

本句型可譯為“你介意做某事嗎？”或“請(qǐng)你做某事好嗎?”。Would （Do）you mind…?可后接動(dòng)名詞或if 從句。如果要指出動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語，常用形容詞性物主代詞表示， 非正式文體中，形容詞性物主代詞可換成賓格，后接if從句時(shí)，用Do開頭時(shí)表示說話人比較直率，故if從句謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，用Would開頭時(shí)則表示說話人語氣較為委婉，if從句謂語常用虛擬語氣，用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。該句型無論以Do還是以Would開頭，其答語相同，表示“同意”或“不介意”時(shí)用no或not回答，不用yes，表示許可時(shí)，還可加上please go ahead或Do it as you like, please等。表示“反對(duì)”、“介意”或“不同意”時(shí)要用Yes./Certainly./Of course.或(Im) Sorry, but…等來回答。如：

1. ——Its too hot. Would you mind my ____ the window?

——____. Do it as you like, please. （2005黃岡市）

A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not

C. closing; Of course D. open; Good idea

2. ——Do you mind opening the window?

——____. Go ahead, please. （2006成都市）

A. Certainly B. Yes, I do C. No, not at all

3. ——Would you mind watering the flowers for me?

——____. I have to go to the post office. （2006重慶市）

A. Not at all B. Never mind C. No, please D. Sorry, I cant

答案:1.B 2.C 3.D

(2)Would/Could/Will you please (not) do sth.?

本句型可譯為“請(qǐng)你做某事好嗎?”。后接動(dòng)詞原形，否定式在動(dòng)詞原形前加not，意為“請(qǐng)你不做某事好嗎?”。如：

——Could you please do the dishes, Lana? Im cleaning the room.

——____.(2006長春市)

A. Yes, sure B. Yes, you can C. No, thanks D. No, you cant

答案：A

十、征求意見或建議句型

(1)Would you like…?

是征求對(duì)方意見的一種常見方式，其后跟名詞時(shí)常用Yes, please. (No, thanks.)之類的句子作答，其后跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)則常用Yes, Id love/like to. Id love/like to, but…之類的句子作答。如：

1. ——Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?

——____, but I have a lot of homework to do. (2006南京市)

A. Id love to B. Yes, lets go

C. No, I wont D. It doesnt matter

2. ——____

——Yes, Id like some soup. (2005浙江)

A. Help yourself to some fish.

B. What can I do for you?

C. Would you like some soup?

答案:1.A 2.C

(2)表示建議的常用句型為Why not(Why dont you) do sth.?/How(What) about doing sth.?/Lets do sth./You should(not) do sth./Shall we do sth.?/If I were you, I would do sth.，常用Certainly./Of course./Good idea./All right./OK./Lets…/Why not?/No, lets do…等回答。如：

1. ——Its hot today. How about going swimming after school?

——____!Lets ask Daniel to go with me.（2006安徽）

A. Thats OK B. Best wishes C. Good luck D. Good idea

2. ——What a nice day!Lets go for a picnic on the beach together.

——____.（2006杭州市）

A. Goodbye B. Good idea C. Good job D. Good day

3. ——Shall we go out for a walk?

——____. This TV show is not interesting at all. （2006岳陽市）

A. Thank you B. It doesnt matter

C. Not at all D. All right

答案:1.D 2.B 3.D

(3)What do you think of it?

本句型意為“你認(rèn)為怎樣？”，用來詢問對(duì)方對(duì)某事物的喜好程度，常用回答有I like it./I dont like it./I cant stand it./I like it very much./I love it./Its beautiful./Theyre fantastic.等。如：

1. ——What do you think of the new book?

——____. (2006吉林)

A. Id love it B. I think so C. I love it D. So do I

2. ——What do you ____ your hometown?

——I love it very much.(2006長沙市)

A. look at B. talk about C. think of

答案:1.C 2.C

十一、tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth.

本句型意為“告訴/要求某人(不)做某事”，是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定是在to前加not。如：

1. Cars cause most of Beijings air pollution. So the “No Car Day”

campaign asks Beijing drivers ____ their cars at home one day

each month. (06哈爾濱)

A. leave B. leaving C. to leave

2. Our teachers tell us ____ more English in and out of class.

(2006重慶市)

A. speak B. spoken C. to speak D. speaking

答案:1.C 2.C

十二、疑問句

疑問句分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句。一般疑問句的語序是“系動(dòng)詞be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語＋其他成分”，將陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r(shí)，如句中有be動(dòng)詞（am， is， are…）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can， may， must…）或助動(dòng)詞(will, has, have)等時(shí)，可直接將它們提至主語前。如主語為第一人稱，應(yīng)將其改為第二人稱。陳述句中只有一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r(shí)要在句首加do, does或did，主語后的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用原形。用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句叫做特殊疑問句。

特殊疑問句有兩種語序：疑問詞作主語或主語的定語語序?yàn)椤耙蓡栐~（＋主語）＋謂語動(dòng)詞＋其他成分？”。如疑問詞作其他成分，語序?yàn)椤耙蓡栐~＋一般疑問句語序？”，疑問詞分為疑問代詞和疑問副詞，疑問代詞可在疑問句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。常見的有：what， who， whose， which等。疑問副詞可在疑問句中作狀語、定語。常見的有: when， where, how， how many，how much, how tall， how old， why等。

反意疑問句都由兩部分組成，前一部分用陳述句形式，后一部分是一個(gè)附著在前一部分上的簡短問句，中間用逗號(hào)隔開。結(jié)構(gòu)形式主要有“肯定的陳述部分＋否定的附加疑問句”或“否定的陳述部分＋肯定的附加疑問句”。附加疑問句的主語一般同陳述部分的主語保持一致。附加疑問句的謂語的確定主要取決于陳述部分的謂語動(dòng)詞。以Lets開頭，附加疑問句用shall we。Let us后的反意疑問句用will you或wont you。當(dāng)陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)， 附加疑問句用there。當(dāng)陳述部分含有no, nothing, little, few, never, hardly, nobody, seldom, nowhere等否定或半否定詞時(shí)，附加疑問句要用肯定形式。如：

1. ——____ do you like koala bears?

——Because they are cute.(2006北京)

A. Why B. Where C. How D. When

2. ——____ is “Lucky 52” shown on CCTV-2?

——Every week. (2006黃岡市)

A. How long B. How often

C. How many times D. How soon

3. She went to see her uncle last week. (改為一般疑問句)(2005重慶市)

____ she ____ to see her uncle last week？

4. She listens to the radio every day, ____? （2006重慶）

A. doesnt she B. isnt she C. hasnt she D. wont she

5. Tom has never been to the Great Wall, ____?（2006岳陽市）

A. hasnt he B. has he C. doesnt he D. does he

答案:1.A 2.B 3.Did， go 4.A 5.B