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新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)(上)Units3—4課文聊天室

2008-09-03 09:18丁紅艷
中學(xué)英語之友·中 2008年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:及物動(dòng)詞代詞介詞

丁紅艷

Unit 3

1. What are you doing for vacation?

假期里你要干什么?

該句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,常用于表示即將來臨的未來預(yù)定要做的事情,一般指?jìng)€(gè)人計(jì)劃要做的事,常跟表示將來的時(shí)間。所以本句的意思是:你在假期要干什么?例如:

My aunt is coming to see us next week. 我姑媽下周要來看望我們。

Im going to the movies this weekend.

這個(gè)周末我想去看電影。

[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。

她明天動(dòng)身去上海。

She is ____ ____ Shanghai tomorrow.

[Key:leaving for]

2. Shes going camping.

她打算去野營(yíng)。

“動(dòng)詞go+v-ing”構(gòu)成的短語,常表示“去做某事”。例如:

go sightseeing 去觀光, go fishing 去釣魚, go surfing去沖浪, go swimming 去游泳, go skating 去滑冰, go shopping 去購(gòu)物

[拓展] “go+v-ing”短語還可以用來表示從事某種職業(yè)。例如:

go teaching 從事教學(xué),go farming務(wù)農(nóng),go soldiering 從軍,go nursing 從事護(hù)理

注意:go+v-ing+介詞短語,表示“去……干……”時(shí),通常介詞短語用于表明v-ing的動(dòng)作在哪里做,而不用“to”表示“去做”。例如:

Lets go swimming in the river. 不能說:Lets go swimming to the river. 我們?nèi)ズ永镉斡景伞?/p>

[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。

明天去徒步旅行怎么樣?

What about ____ ____ tomorrow?

[Key: going hiking]

3. Well, have a good time. 好吧,祝你玩得開心。

此處have a good time與enjoy yourself 同義,意為“玩得很高興”,但enjoy后面跟的反身代詞應(yīng)和它前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。與此同義的說法還有have a great time, have a nice time。例如:

Did you have a good time last Sunday? 上星期天你們過得高興嗎?

[練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

They all had a good time at the party.

They all ____ ____ at the party.

[Key: enjoyed themselves]

4. Show me your photos when we get back to school.

回到學(xué)校時(shí)讓我看看你的照片。

動(dòng)詞show主要有以下幾種用法:

1)show sb. sth. (=show sth. to sb.) 意為“讓某人看某物”。例如:

Please show us your new paintings. (=Please show your new paintings to us.)請(qǐng)讓我們看看你的新畫。

Could you show me some smaller ones?

拿幾個(gè)小一點(diǎn)的給我看看好嗎?

2)show后面的賓語是代詞it或them時(shí),要用show it/them to sb.。例如:

Will you please show them to me? 請(qǐng)讓我看看他們好嗎?

3)show sb. how to do sth. 意為“向某人說明怎樣做某事”。例如:

My uncle showed me how to surf the Internet.

我叔叔曾教我怎樣上網(wǎng)。

4)“show sb.+從句”中的show意為“說明”、“表明”。例如:

His speech showed that he didnt understand the subject.

他的發(fā)言表明他對(duì)這個(gè)課題并不了解。

Ill show you where the computer room is. 我來告訴你電腦房在哪里。

5)show意為“引導(dǎo)”、“帶領(lǐng)”,后面接副詞或介詞短語。例如:

Please show the visitors in. 請(qǐng)把參觀者領(lǐng)進(jìn)來。

The headmaster showed them around the school.

校長(zhǎng)帶著他們參觀了學(xué)校。

show還可以用作名詞,意為“展出;展覽”。例如:

The pictures are on show now. 那些畫正在展出。

[練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

Please show me your new dictionary.

Please show your new dictionary ____ ____.

[Key: to me]

5. Whats it like there? 那兒景色如何?

“What be…like?”是說話人用來詢問對(duì)方對(duì)有關(guān)的人或事物的評(píng)價(jià)或感受,或要求對(duì)方描述有關(guān)人或事物的外貌。例如:

——Whats the film like? 那部電影怎樣?

——Wonderful. 好極了。

——Whats the young man like? 那個(gè)年輕人是什么樣的?

——Hes tall and handsome. 他高大英俊。

[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。

你們新來的數(shù)學(xué)老師長(zhǎng)得啥樣?

____ your new math teacher ____?

[Key: Whats, like]

6. Hows the weather there? 那里的天氣怎么樣?

本句常被用來詢問一個(gè)地方的天氣,相當(dāng)于“Whats the weather like+地點(diǎn)?”。例如:

Hows the weather in Hong Kong? (=Whats the weather like in Hong Kong?)香港的天氣怎么樣?

“How be…?”常被用來詢問身體狀況或某一方面的情況。例如:

——How are your parents? 你父母好嗎?

——Very well, thank you. 很好,謝謝。

[練習(xí)] 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

How is the weather today?

____ the weather ____ today?

[Key: Whats, like]

7. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada. 他曾想去希臘或西班牙,但是決定去加拿大。

decide on+名詞/V-ing形式,意為:決定,“on”作介詞,也可用“upon”。例如:

She decided on the red shoes. 她決定要買那雙紅鞋。

They decided on spending the vacation by the sea.

他們決定在海邊度假。

表示“決定”還可用decide to do…或decide+that從句。這三種不同的結(jié)構(gòu),含義相同。例如:

He decided to buy a new car.=He decided that he would buy a new car.=He decided on buying a new car. 他決定要買一輛新車。

[練習(xí)] 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

She decided to go there by train.

She decided ____ ____ there by train.

[Key: on going]

8. This time I want to do something different.

這次我想做一些不同的事情。

形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等不定代詞時(shí),常將形容詞放在這些不定代詞之后,作后置定語。例如:

Can you tell us something interesting?

你能告訴我們一些有趣的事情嗎?

Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?

在今天的報(bào)紙上有什么有趣的消息嗎?

[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。

我有一些重要的事要告訴你們。

I have ____ ____ to tell you.

[Key: something important]

9. I heard that Canada is beautiful,…我聽說加拿大很美,……

句中的hear意為“聽說”,后面可以接賓語從句。hear of也含“聽說”之意,后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。兩者不可混為一談。例如:

One day, the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away. 一天,史密斯一家聽說不遠(yuǎn)的鎮(zhèn)上有一位好醫(yī)生。

Ive never heard of that before. 我以前從未聽說過那件事。

hear from意為“收到……的信”,“得到……消息”。其后的賓語是表示人的名詞或代詞。例如:

How often do you hear from your father?

你每隔多久收到你父親的來信?

當(dāng)hear表示“聽見”,“聽到”時(shí),常用的結(jié)構(gòu)是“hear sb. do sth.”,意為“聽到某人做某事”,“hear sb. doing sth.”意為“聽到某人正在做某事”。前者指聽到某動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的全過程;而后者是指聽到動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。試比較:

I heard the boy go down the stairs. 我聽到這個(gè)男孩走下樓去了。

I heard the boy going down the stairs. 我聽到這個(gè)男孩在下樓。

[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。

我聽說她昨天回來了。

I ____ she ____ ____ yesterday.

[Key: hear, came back]

10. I cant wait! 我等不及了!

cant wait表示一種迫不及待的心情,后面可接動(dòng)詞不定式。例如:

I really cant wait to go on holidays in Australia.

我真是迫不及待地想去澳大利亞度假。

She cant wait for you to give her some work to do.

她迫不及待地想讓你給她一些事情做。

[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。

她迫不及待地打開盒子。

She cant ____ ____ ____ the box.

[Key: wait to open]

Unit 4

11. ——How do you get to school? 你平時(shí)怎樣到學(xué)校?

——Well, I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.

噢,我通常步行去,但有時(shí)候我乘公共汽車去。

1)短語get to意為“到達(dá)”,后面可跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。如:

It takes you ten minutes to get to the station.

你到火車站要花十分鐘時(shí)間。

We got to Shanghai this morning. 我們是今天早上到達(dá)上海的。

注意:當(dāng)get后面跟表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí),其后不需要跟介詞to。例如:

My mother was out when I got home. 我到家時(shí)媽媽不在家。

They got here last night. 他們昨晚到達(dá)這兒的。

2)walk與go比較:

兩者都是不及物動(dòng)詞,含有“走”的意思。go表示“離去”,不一定指步行走路,往往與帶介詞to的地點(diǎn)狀語或帶介詞by的行為方式狀語連用。其主語可以是表示人、動(dòng)物或非生物的名詞或代詞。如:

People in the cities often go and help them.

城里的人經(jīng)常去幫助他們。

He will go to Beijing by plane. 他將乘飛機(jī)去北京。

My watch doesnt go. 我的表不走了。

walk指步行或漫無目的地散步,其主語通常是表示人的名詞或代詞。如:

We are going to walk there. 我們將步行去那里。

They are walking along the street. 他們沿著大街散步。

表示“步行到某一地點(diǎn)去”時(shí),兩者可以換用。例如:

He walked/went to the window. 他向窗口走去。

注意:walk不能與on foot連用,但卻可以說“go…on foot”。試譯:他每天步行上學(xué)。

誤:He walks to school on foot every day.

正:He goes to school on foot every day.

正:He walks to school every day.

3)句中的take 意為“乘坐”,是及物動(dòng)詞,后跟plane, train, bus, car, ship, boat等表示交通工具的名詞作賓語。例如:

I want to take a bus to Beijing. 我想乘汽車去北京。

Then she went into the street and took a taxi home.

然后她走到街上,乘坐一輛出租車回家了。

12. It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.

步行需要25分鐘,乘公共汽車要10分鐘。

“It takes sb. some time+動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)” 意為“(某人)花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事”。其中的take是及物動(dòng)詞,作“花費(fèi)”、“需要”解。It是形式主語,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)是真正的主語。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作由某人執(zhí)行時(shí),“某人”可放在take的后面。例如:

Does it take a long time to learn English well?

學(xué)好英語要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間嗎?

It took us three days to finish the work.

完成這項(xiàng)工作花了我們?nèi)鞎r(shí)間。

13. He gets up at six oclock every day, showers and has a quick breakfast. 他每天六點(diǎn)鐘起床,接著是去沐浴,然后是匆匆忙忙吃早飯。

英語中表示“三餐”的名詞前面通常不用冠詞。例如:

What time do you have breakfast? 你在什么時(shí)候吃早飯?

After lunch we usually have a rest. 午飯后我們一般都睡午覺。

What did you have for supper? 你晚飯吃什么了?

如果指某一頓飯,三餐飯的名詞前面可以有形容詞修飾,則其前可用不定冠詞。例如:

We had a light supper at home. 我們?cè)诩页粤艘活D清淡的晚餐。

14. ——How far is it from your home to school?

從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?

——Its three miles. 三英里遠(yuǎn)。

在向?qū)Ψ皆儐柧嚯x時(shí),通常使用“How far is it from…to…?”句式,意為“從某地到另外一地有多遠(yuǎn)?”。句中的it用來指距離。例如:

——How far is it from here to the station? 從這兒到火車站有多遠(yuǎn)?

——About five kilometers. 大約五公里。

注意:用how far提問時(shí),其后的主語和謂語為倒裝語序,否則就成為感嘆句。例如:

How far it is from your home to school!從你家到學(xué)校真遠(yuǎn)啊!

15. In North America, most students go to school on the school bus.

在北美,大多數(shù)學(xué)生乘校車上學(xué)。

by bus與on the bus比較:by bus是習(xí)慣用語,bus前不加冠詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不帶任何修飾語。與此相類似的短語還有:by bike, by train, by plane, by ship, by boat, by car等。如:

He went there by train yesterday. 昨天他乘火車去那里了。

How are you going to Hainan, by plane or by ship?

你打算怎樣去海南,乘飛機(jī)還是乘輪船?

在介詞on或in (用on是美國(guó)英語)后面也可跟表示交通工具的名詞。交通工具前可用冠詞、物主代詞等修飾。例如:

He usually goes to work in (on) his own car.

他通常開自己的車去上班。

Im going to Beijing on (in) the train. 我將乘火車去北京。

交通工具前標(biāo)有起始或到達(dá)的時(shí)間時(shí),也可用by。例如:

Well go by (on) the 10:00 train. 我們將乘10點(diǎn)的火車。

注意:“騎自行車”應(yīng)該用by bike或on a bike, 不可以用in a bike。試譯:昨天有多少學(xué)生騎自行車來這兒?

誤:How many students came here in a bike yesterday?

正:How many students came here by bike yesterday?

正:How many students came here on a bike yesterday?

16. In China, it depends on where you are. 在中國(guó),得看你在哪里。

短語動(dòng)詞depend on意為“視……而定”、“取決于”,還可用“依靠”、“依賴”解。例如:

All depends on the weather. 一切都取決于天氣如何。

Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.

小孩依靠父母供給衣食。

17. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!

那一定比乘公共汽車有趣得多。

1)must是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用來表示對(duì)“肯定意義”的推測(cè),意為“一定是”、“準(zhǔn)是”。例如:

He must be in the library now. 現(xiàn)在他準(zhǔn)是在圖書館里。

如果要表示“不可能”、“肯定不”、“一定不”之意,則常用cant。例如:

Mike cant be at home now, because he called me from America a moment ago. 現(xiàn)在邁克肯定不在家,因?yàn)樗麆倓倧拿绹?guó)給我打來電話。

注意:mustnt意為“不允許”、“不準(zhǔn)”,不能用于表示對(duì)“否定意義”的推測(cè)。例如:

Children mustnt play in the street. 孩子們不得在街上玩耍。

2)a lot 意為“許多”,可用來修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí),也可用來修飾動(dòng)詞。例如:

She is a lot taller than I am. 她個(gè)子比我高得多。

I feel a lot better now. 現(xiàn)在我感覺好多了。

He works a lot at home. 他在家干很多活。

a lot 還可以在句中充當(dāng)賓語。例如:

We have a lot to do. 我們有許多事情要做。

We can learn a lot at school. 我們?cè)趯W(xué)校里能學(xué)到許多東西。

18. Other parts of the world are different from the United States.

世界其他地方與美國(guó)不一樣。

1) be different from 意為“與……不同”。如:

My idea is different from yours. 我的想法與你的不一樣。

English is different from Chinese in some way.

英語在某些方面與漢語不同。

注意:這個(gè)短語中的介詞from不可改成with。

2)other, the other, others與the others比較:other意為“其他的”、“另外的”,用作形容詞,可修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

What other things can you see? 你還看到了什么別的東西嗎?

We want some other people to do it. 我們還想再要一些人做這件事。

the other意為“(兩個(gè)中的)另一個(gè)”。在上下文很明確的情況下,other后面的名詞可省去。例如:

I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue.

我有兩支鉛筆,一支是紅色的,另一支是藍(lán)色的。

Is this your football sock? Wheres the other one?

這是你的足球襪嗎?另外一只在哪里?

the other還可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示除前面提到的以外剩余的“全部”。例如:

Two of the books are yours, the other books are mine.

這些書里有兩本是你的,其余全是我的。

others泛指“其他的人或物”,others常與some對(duì)比使用。例如:

Some are swimming in the lake, others are climbing the hill.

一些人在湖里游泳,還有一些人在爬山。

the others指整體中除去一部分后,剩余的全部,意為“其余的人或物”。如:

Twenty students in the class are boys, the others are girls.

這個(gè)班里有二十個(gè)同學(xué)是男的,其余全是女的。

I can answer this question, but I cant answer the others.

這個(gè)問題我能回答,但其他的問題我回答不出來。

19. What do you think of the transportation in your town?

你認(rèn)為你們鎮(zhèn)子里的公共交通怎么樣?

1)當(dāng)你想知道對(duì)方對(duì)某事有什么看法時(shí),常使用“What do you think of…?”提問,其意與“How do you like…?”相同。例如:

——What do you think of the film? 你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?

——I think its very interesting. 我認(rèn)為它很有趣。

2)town與city比較:city的意思是“城市”、“都市”,一般指大而重要的城市。例如:

Shanghai is a big city. 上海是個(gè)大城市。

There are many cities in this area. 這個(gè)地區(qū)有許多城市。

town的含義是“城鎮(zhèn)”,指比village (村莊)大,比city小的地方。又常作countryside (農(nóng)村)的相對(duì)用語。例如:

Our town is not big. 我們的城鎮(zhèn)不大。

He was born in a little town near Nanchang.

他出生在南昌附近的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)里。

注意:依照習(xí)慣用法,city前面用定冠詞,而town 前面則不用。例如:

Ill go to the city./Ill go to town. 我將進(jìn)城去。

20.——Can I help you? 我能幫助你嗎?

——Yes, please. 好的。

“Can I help you?”意為“我能幫助你嗎?”。如果你需要對(duì)方的幫助,可以說:“Yes, please. (好的。)”如果不需要對(duì)方幫助,就說“No, thanks. (不,謝謝你。)”。例如:

——The box is too heavy. I cant carry it. 這只箱子太重,我搬不動(dòng)。

——Can I help you? 我可以幫助你嗎?

——Yes, please. 好的。

注意:“Can I help you?”在不同場(chǎng)合有不同的意義。飯店服務(wù)員這樣說,意思是“你想吃點(diǎn)什么?”。商店?duì)I業(yè)員這樣說,意思是“你要買些什么?”。例如:

——Can I help you, sir? 先生,你想要點(diǎn)什么?

——Id like 5kg of these apples. 我要五公斤這樣的蘋果。

21. Dont worry. Let me look at your map.

別擔(dān)心,讓我看看你的地圖。

worry是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“擔(dān)心”、“發(fā)愁”。例如:

Dont worry. We will find a way. 別發(fā)愁,我們會(huì)想出辦法來的。

On the way home she began to worry.

在回家的路上,她開始著急起來。

worry可與about搭配使用,意為“為……擔(dān)心”。例如:

Dont worry about John. 別為約翰擔(dān)心。

worry也可用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“使……擔(dān)心”。例如:

My poor health worries Mother very much.

我身體不好,使得媽媽很擔(dān)心。

Ⅰ.A)用go或walk填空。

1. I sometimes ____ to the factory, but I often ____ there by bike.

2. Look!The bus is full of people. Shall we ____ home?

3. My younger brother is learning to ____.

4. How many miles can the car ____ an hour?

5. He often ____ to the farm on foot.

6. Lets ____ to the zoo.

B)用take, spend, pay或cost填空。

1. The red skirt ____ her forty dollars.

2. How much did you ____ for the computer?

3. It ____ me about twenty minutes to go to school by bike every

day.

4. How long did she ____ doing her homework last night?

C)用worry或worried填空:

1. Were all ____ about you.

2. Dont ____ about the boy. Hell come back soon.

3. My little sister always ____ Mother for some toys.

4. Stop ____ her. Cant you see shes busy?

5. Tell them not to ____.

6. She felt ____ because her husband hadnt got home.

D)用another, other, the other, others或the others填空。

1. What ____ things can you see in the picture?

2. I dont like this coat. Please give me ____ one.

3. She has two pens. One is black, ____ is red.

4. There are fifty students in our class.Twenty-eight of them are boys, ____ are girls.

5. He is always(總是) helping ____.

E)用city或town填空:

1. We are doing shopping in ____.

2. I met him in the ____ yesterday.

3. Would you like to live in a ____ or in the countryside?

4. His father only comes to ____ twice a year.

5. London, Paris and New York are all large ____.

Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。

1. 匆匆忙忙吃了早餐之后,他就上班去了。

____ ____ ____ ____ he went to work.

2. 從這兒到郵局有多遠(yuǎn)?

____ ____ ____ ____ from here to the station?

3. 走了那么長(zhǎng)的路,你一定餓了吧。

You ____ ____ ____ after your long walk.

4. 一切取決于我們是否有足夠的時(shí)間。

Everything ____ ____ whether we have enough time.

Keys:Ⅰ.A)1.walk, go 2.walk 3.walk 4.go 5.goes 6.go/walk B)1.cost 2.pay 3.takes 4.spend C)1.worried 2.worry 3.worries 4.worrying 5.worry 6.worried D)1.other 2.another 3.the other 4.the others 5.others E)1.town 2.city 3.town 4.town 5.cities Ⅱ.1.After a quick breakfast 2.How far is it 3.must be hungry 4.depends on

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