丁紅艷
Unit 3
1. What are you doing for vacation?
假期里你要干什么?
該句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,常用于表示即將來臨的未來預(yù)定要做的事情,一般指?jìng)€(gè)人計(jì)劃要做的事,常跟表示將來的時(shí)間。所以本句的意思是:你在假期要干什么?例如:
My aunt is coming to see us next week. 我姑媽下周要來看望我們。
Im going to the movies this weekend.
這個(gè)周末我想去看電影。
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。
她明天動(dòng)身去上海。
She is ____ ____ Shanghai tomorrow.
[Key:leaving for]
2. Shes going camping.
她打算去野營(yíng)。
“動(dòng)詞go+v-ing”構(gòu)成的短語,常表示“去做某事”。例如:
go sightseeing 去觀光, go fishing 去釣魚, go surfing去沖浪, go swimming 去游泳, go skating 去滑冰, go shopping 去購(gòu)物
[拓展] “go+v-ing”短語還可以用來表示從事某種職業(yè)。例如:
go teaching 從事教學(xué),go farming務(wù)農(nóng),go soldiering 從軍,go nursing 從事護(hù)理
注意:go+v-ing+介詞短語,表示“去……干……”時(shí),通常介詞短語用于表明v-ing的動(dòng)作在哪里做,而不用“to”表示“去做”。例如:
Lets go swimming in the river. 不能說:Lets go swimming to the river. 我們?nèi)ズ永镉斡景伞?/p>
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。
明天去徒步旅行怎么樣?
What about ____ ____ tomorrow?
[Key: going hiking]
3. Well, have a good time. 好吧,祝你玩得開心。
此處have a good time與enjoy yourself 同義,意為“玩得很高興”,但enjoy后面跟的反身代詞應(yīng)和它前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。與此同義的說法還有have a great time, have a nice time。例如:
Did you have a good time last Sunday? 上星期天你們過得高興嗎?
[練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
They all had a good time at the party.
They all ____ ____ at the party.
[Key: enjoyed themselves]
4. Show me your photos when we get back to school.
回到學(xué)校時(shí)讓我看看你的照片。
動(dòng)詞show主要有以下幾種用法:
1)show sb. sth. (=show sth. to sb.) 意為“讓某人看某物”。例如:
Please show us your new paintings. (=Please show your new paintings to us.)請(qǐng)讓我們看看你的新畫。
Could you show me some smaller ones?
拿幾個(gè)小一點(diǎn)的給我看看好嗎?
2)show后面的賓語是代詞it或them時(shí),要用show it/them to sb.。例如:
Will you please show them to me? 請(qǐng)讓我看看他們好嗎?
3)show sb. how to do sth. 意為“向某人說明怎樣做某事”。例如:
My uncle showed me how to surf the Internet.
我叔叔曾教我怎樣上網(wǎng)。
4)“show sb.+從句”中的show意為“說明”、“表明”。例如:
His speech showed that he didnt understand the subject.
他的發(fā)言表明他對(duì)這個(gè)課題并不了解。
Ill show you where the computer room is. 我來告訴你電腦房在哪里。
5)show意為“引導(dǎo)”、“帶領(lǐng)”,后面接副詞或介詞短語。例如:
Please show the visitors in. 請(qǐng)把參觀者領(lǐng)進(jìn)來。
The headmaster showed them around the school.
校長(zhǎng)帶著他們參觀了學(xué)校。
show還可以用作名詞,意為“展出;展覽”。例如:
The pictures are on show now. 那些畫正在展出。
[練習(xí)]同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
Please show me your new dictionary.
Please show your new dictionary ____ ____.
[Key: to me]
5. Whats it like there? 那兒景色如何?
“What be…like?”是說話人用來詢問對(duì)方對(duì)有關(guān)的人或事物的評(píng)價(jià)或感受,或要求對(duì)方描述有關(guān)人或事物的外貌。例如:
——Whats the film like? 那部電影怎樣?
——Wonderful. 好極了。
——Whats the young man like? 那個(gè)年輕人是什么樣的?
——Hes tall and handsome. 他高大英俊。
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。
你們新來的數(shù)學(xué)老師長(zhǎng)得啥樣?
____ your new math teacher ____?
[Key: Whats, like]
6. Hows the weather there? 那里的天氣怎么樣?
本句常被用來詢問一個(gè)地方的天氣,相當(dāng)于“Whats the weather like+地點(diǎn)?”。例如:
Hows the weather in Hong Kong? (=Whats the weather like in Hong Kong?)香港的天氣怎么樣?
“How be…?”常被用來詢問身體狀況或某一方面的情況。例如:
——How are your parents? 你父母好嗎?
——Very well, thank you. 很好,謝謝。
[練習(xí)] 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
How is the weather today?
____ the weather ____ today?
[Key: Whats, like]
7. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada. 他曾想去希臘或西班牙,但是決定去加拿大。
decide on+名詞/V-ing形式,意為:決定,“on”作介詞,也可用“upon”。例如:
She decided on the red shoes. 她決定要買那雙紅鞋。
They decided on spending the vacation by the sea.
他們決定在海邊度假。
表示“決定”還可用decide to do…或decide+that從句。這三種不同的結(jié)構(gòu),含義相同。例如:
He decided to buy a new car.=He decided that he would buy a new car.=He decided on buying a new car. 他決定要買一輛新車。
[練習(xí)] 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
She decided to go there by train.
She decided ____ ____ there by train.
[Key: on going]
8. This time I want to do something different.
這次我想做一些不同的事情。
形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等不定代詞時(shí),常將形容詞放在這些不定代詞之后,作后置定語。例如:
Can you tell us something interesting?
你能告訴我們一些有趣的事情嗎?
Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?
在今天的報(bào)紙上有什么有趣的消息嗎?
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。
我有一些重要的事要告訴你們。
I have ____ ____ to tell you.
[Key: something important]
9. I heard that Canada is beautiful,…我聽說加拿大很美,……
句中的hear意為“聽說”,后面可以接賓語從句。hear of也含“聽說”之意,后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。兩者不可混為一談。例如:
One day, the Smiths heard that there was a good doctor in a town not far away. 一天,史密斯一家聽說不遠(yuǎn)的鎮(zhèn)上有一位好醫(yī)生。
Ive never heard of that before. 我以前從未聽說過那件事。
hear from意為“收到……的信”,“得到……消息”。其后的賓語是表示人的名詞或代詞。例如:
How often do you hear from your father?
你每隔多久收到你父親的來信?
當(dāng)hear表示“聽見”,“聽到”時(shí),常用的結(jié)構(gòu)是“hear sb. do sth.”,意為“聽到某人做某事”,“hear sb. doing sth.”意為“聽到某人正在做某事”。前者指聽到某動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的全過程;而后者是指聽到動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。試比較:
I heard the boy go down the stairs. 我聽到這個(gè)男孩走下樓去了。
I heard the boy going down the stairs. 我聽到這個(gè)男孩在下樓。
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。
我聽說她昨天回來了。
I ____ she ____ ____ yesterday.
[Key: hear, came back]
10. I cant wait! 我等不及了!
cant wait表示一種迫不及待的心情,后面可接動(dòng)詞不定式。例如:
I really cant wait to go on holidays in Australia.
我真是迫不及待地想去澳大利亞度假。
She cant wait for you to give her some work to do.
她迫不及待地想讓你給她一些事情做。
[練習(xí)]根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。
她迫不及待地打開盒子。
She cant ____ ____ ____ the box.
[Key: wait to open]
Unit 4
11. ——How do you get to school? 你平時(shí)怎樣到學(xué)校?
——Well, I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.
噢,我通常步行去,但有時(shí)候我乘公共汽車去。
1)短語get to意為“到達(dá)”,后面可跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。如:
It takes you ten minutes to get to the station.
你到火車站要花十分鐘時(shí)間。
We got to Shanghai this morning. 我們是今天早上到達(dá)上海的。
注意:當(dāng)get后面跟表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí),其后不需要跟介詞to。例如:
My mother was out when I got home. 我到家時(shí)媽媽不在家。
They got here last night. 他們昨晚到達(dá)這兒的。
2)walk與go比較:
兩者都是不及物動(dòng)詞,含有“走”的意思。go表示“離去”,不一定指步行走路,往往與帶介詞to的地點(diǎn)狀語或帶介詞by的行為方式狀語連用。其主語可以是表示人、動(dòng)物或非生物的名詞或代詞。如:
People in the cities often go and help them.
城里的人經(jīng)常去幫助他們。
He will go to Beijing by plane. 他將乘飛機(jī)去北京。
My watch doesnt go. 我的表不走了。
walk指步行或漫無目的地散步,其主語通常是表示人的名詞或代詞。如:
We are going to walk there. 我們將步行去那里。
They are walking along the street. 他們沿著大街散步。
表示“步行到某一地點(diǎn)去”時(shí),兩者可以換用。例如:
He walked/went to the window. 他向窗口走去。
注意:walk不能與on foot連用,但卻可以說“go…on foot”。試譯:他每天步行上學(xué)。
誤:He walks to school on foot every day.
正:He goes to school on foot every day.
正:He walks to school every day.
3)句中的take 意為“乘坐”,是及物動(dòng)詞,后跟plane, train, bus, car, ship, boat等表示交通工具的名詞作賓語。例如:
I want to take a bus to Beijing. 我想乘汽車去北京。
Then she went into the street and took a taxi home.
然后她走到街上,乘坐一輛出租車回家了。
12. It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.
步行需要25分鐘,乘公共汽車要10分鐘。
“It takes sb. some time+動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)” 意為“(某人)花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間做某事”。其中的take是及物動(dòng)詞,作“花費(fèi)”、“需要”解。It是形式主語,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)是真正的主語。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式表示的動(dòng)作由某人執(zhí)行時(shí),“某人”可放在take的后面。例如:
Does it take a long time to learn English well?
學(xué)好英語要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間嗎?
It took us three days to finish the work.
完成這項(xiàng)工作花了我們?nèi)鞎r(shí)間。
13. He gets up at six oclock every day, showers and has a quick breakfast. 他每天六點(diǎn)鐘起床,接著是去沐浴,然后是匆匆忙忙吃早飯。
英語中表示“三餐”的名詞前面通常不用冠詞。例如:
What time do you have breakfast? 你在什么時(shí)候吃早飯?
After lunch we usually have a rest. 午飯后我們一般都睡午覺。
What did you have for supper? 你晚飯吃什么了?
如果指某一頓飯,三餐飯的名詞前面可以有形容詞修飾,則其前可用不定冠詞。例如:
We had a light supper at home. 我們?cè)诩页粤艘活D清淡的晚餐。
14. ——How far is it from your home to school?
從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?
——Its three miles. 三英里遠(yuǎn)。
在向?qū)Ψ皆儐柧嚯x時(shí),通常使用“How far is it from…to…?”句式,意為“從某地到另外一地有多遠(yuǎn)?”。句中的it用來指距離。例如:
——How far is it from here to the station? 從這兒到火車站有多遠(yuǎn)?
——About five kilometers. 大約五公里。
注意:用how far提問時(shí),其后的主語和謂語為倒裝語序,否則就成為感嘆句。例如:
How far it is from your home to school!從你家到學(xué)校真遠(yuǎn)啊!
15. In North America, most students go to school on the school bus.
在北美,大多數(shù)學(xué)生乘校車上學(xué)。
by bus與on the bus比較:by bus是習(xí)慣用語,bus前不加冠詞,不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不帶任何修飾語。與此相類似的短語還有:by bike, by train, by plane, by ship, by boat, by car等。如:
He went there by train yesterday. 昨天他乘火車去那里了。
How are you going to Hainan, by plane or by ship?
你打算怎樣去海南,乘飛機(jī)還是乘輪船?
在介詞on或in (用on是美國(guó)英語)后面也可跟表示交通工具的名詞。交通工具前可用冠詞、物主代詞等修飾。例如:
He usually goes to work in (on) his own car.
他通常開自己的車去上班。
Im going to Beijing on (in) the train. 我將乘火車去北京。
交通工具前標(biāo)有起始或到達(dá)的時(shí)間時(shí),也可用by。例如:
Well go by (on) the 10:00 train. 我們將乘10點(diǎn)的火車。
注意:“騎自行車”應(yīng)該用by bike或on a bike, 不可以用in a bike。試譯:昨天有多少學(xué)生騎自行車來這兒?
誤:How many students came here in a bike yesterday?
正:How many students came here by bike yesterday?
正:How many students came here on a bike yesterday?
16. In China, it depends on where you are. 在中國(guó),得看你在哪里。
短語動(dòng)詞depend on意為“視……而定”、“取決于”,還可用“依靠”、“依賴”解。例如:
All depends on the weather. 一切都取決于天氣如何。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
小孩依靠父母供給衣食。
17. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!
那一定比乘公共汽車有趣得多。
1)must是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用來表示對(duì)“肯定意義”的推測(cè),意為“一定是”、“準(zhǔn)是”。例如:
He must be in the library now. 現(xiàn)在他準(zhǔn)是在圖書館里。
如果要表示“不可能”、“肯定不”、“一定不”之意,則常用cant。例如:
Mike cant be at home now, because he called me from America a moment ago. 現(xiàn)在邁克肯定不在家,因?yàn)樗麆倓倧拿绹?guó)給我打來電話。
注意:mustnt意為“不允許”、“不準(zhǔn)”,不能用于表示對(duì)“否定意義”的推測(cè)。例如:
Children mustnt play in the street. 孩子們不得在街上玩耍。
2)a lot 意為“許多”,可用來修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí),也可用來修飾動(dòng)詞。例如:
She is a lot taller than I am. 她個(gè)子比我高得多。
I feel a lot better now. 現(xiàn)在我感覺好多了。
He works a lot at home. 他在家干很多活。
a lot 還可以在句中充當(dāng)賓語。例如:
We have a lot to do. 我們有許多事情要做。
We can learn a lot at school. 我們?cè)趯W(xué)校里能學(xué)到許多東西。
18. Other parts of the world are different from the United States.
世界其他地方與美國(guó)不一樣。
1) be different from 意為“與……不同”。如:
My idea is different from yours. 我的想法與你的不一樣。
English is different from Chinese in some way.
英語在某些方面與漢語不同。
注意:這個(gè)短語中的介詞from不可改成with。
2)other, the other, others與the others比較:other意為“其他的”、“另外的”,用作形容詞,可修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
What other things can you see? 你還看到了什么別的東西嗎?
We want some other people to do it. 我們還想再要一些人做這件事。
the other意為“(兩個(gè)中的)另一個(gè)”。在上下文很明確的情況下,other后面的名詞可省去。例如:
I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue.
我有兩支鉛筆,一支是紅色的,另一支是藍(lán)色的。
Is this your football sock? Wheres the other one?
這是你的足球襪嗎?另外一只在哪里?
the other還可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示除前面提到的以外剩余的“全部”。例如:
Two of the books are yours, the other books are mine.
這些書里有兩本是你的,其余全是我的。
others泛指“其他的人或物”,others常與some對(duì)比使用。例如:
Some are swimming in the lake, others are climbing the hill.
一些人在湖里游泳,還有一些人在爬山。
the others指整體中除去一部分后,剩余的全部,意為“其余的人或物”。如:
Twenty students in the class are boys, the others are girls.
這個(gè)班里有二十個(gè)同學(xué)是男的,其余全是女的。
I can answer this question, but I cant answer the others.
這個(gè)問題我能回答,但其他的問題我回答不出來。
19. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
你認(rèn)為你們鎮(zhèn)子里的公共交通怎么樣?
1)當(dāng)你想知道對(duì)方對(duì)某事有什么看法時(shí),常使用“What do you think of…?”提問,其意與“How do you like…?”相同。例如:
——What do you think of the film? 你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?
——I think its very interesting. 我認(rèn)為它很有趣。
2)town與city比較:city的意思是“城市”、“都市”,一般指大而重要的城市。例如:
Shanghai is a big city. 上海是個(gè)大城市。
There are many cities in this area. 這個(gè)地區(qū)有許多城市。
town的含義是“城鎮(zhèn)”,指比village (村莊)大,比city小的地方。又常作countryside (農(nóng)村)的相對(duì)用語。例如:
Our town is not big. 我們的城鎮(zhèn)不大。
He was born in a little town near Nanchang.
他出生在南昌附近的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)里。
注意:依照習(xí)慣用法,city前面用定冠詞,而town 前面則不用。例如:
Ill go to the city./Ill go to town. 我將進(jìn)城去。
20.——Can I help you? 我能幫助你嗎?
——Yes, please. 好的。
“Can I help you?”意為“我能幫助你嗎?”。如果你需要對(duì)方的幫助,可以說:“Yes, please. (好的。)”如果不需要對(duì)方幫助,就說“No, thanks. (不,謝謝你。)”。例如:
——The box is too heavy. I cant carry it. 這只箱子太重,我搬不動(dòng)。
——Can I help you? 我可以幫助你嗎?
——Yes, please. 好的。
注意:“Can I help you?”在不同場(chǎng)合有不同的意義。飯店服務(wù)員這樣說,意思是“你想吃點(diǎn)什么?”。商店?duì)I業(yè)員這樣說,意思是“你要買些什么?”。例如:
——Can I help you, sir? 先生,你想要點(diǎn)什么?
——Id like 5kg of these apples. 我要五公斤這樣的蘋果。
21. Dont worry. Let me look at your map.
別擔(dān)心,讓我看看你的地圖。
worry是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“擔(dān)心”、“發(fā)愁”。例如:
Dont worry. We will find a way. 別發(fā)愁,我們會(huì)想出辦法來的。
On the way home she began to worry.
在回家的路上,她開始著急起來。
worry可與about搭配使用,意為“為……擔(dān)心”。例如:
Dont worry about John. 別為約翰擔(dān)心。
worry也可用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“使……擔(dān)心”。例如:
My poor health worries Mother very much.
我身體不好,使得媽媽很擔(dān)心。
Ⅰ.A)用go或walk填空。
1. I sometimes ____ to the factory, but I often ____ there by bike.
2. Look!The bus is full of people. Shall we ____ home?
3. My younger brother is learning to ____.
4. How many miles can the car ____ an hour?
5. He often ____ to the farm on foot.
6. Lets ____ to the zoo.
B)用take, spend, pay或cost填空。
1. The red skirt ____ her forty dollars.
2. How much did you ____ for the computer?
3. It ____ me about twenty minutes to go to school by bike every
day.
4. How long did she ____ doing her homework last night?
C)用worry或worried填空:
1. Were all ____ about you.
2. Dont ____ about the boy. Hell come back soon.
3. My little sister always ____ Mother for some toys.
4. Stop ____ her. Cant you see shes busy?
5. Tell them not to ____.
6. She felt ____ because her husband hadnt got home.
D)用another, other, the other, others或the others填空。
1. What ____ things can you see in the picture?
2. I dont like this coat. Please give me ____ one.
3. She has two pens. One is black, ____ is red.
4. There are fifty students in our class.Twenty-eight of them are boys, ____ are girls.
5. He is always(總是) helping ____.
E)用city或town填空:
1. We are doing shopping in ____.
2. I met him in the ____ yesterday.
3. Would you like to live in a ____ or in the countryside?
4. His father only comes to ____ twice a year.
5. London, Paris and New York are all large ____.
Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞。
1. 匆匆忙忙吃了早餐之后,他就上班去了。
____ ____ ____ ____ he went to work.
2. 從這兒到郵局有多遠(yuǎn)?
____ ____ ____ ____ from here to the station?
3. 走了那么長(zhǎng)的路,你一定餓了吧。
You ____ ____ ____ after your long walk.
4. 一切取決于我們是否有足夠的時(shí)間。
Everything ____ ____ whether we have enough time.
Keys:Ⅰ.A)1.walk, go 2.walk 3.walk 4.go 5.goes 6.go/walk B)1.cost 2.pay 3.takes 4.spend C)1.worried 2.worry 3.worries 4.worrying 5.worry 6.worried D)1.other 2.another 3.the other 4.the others 5.others E)1.town 2.city 3.town 4.town 5.cities Ⅱ.1.After a quick breakfast 2.How far is it 3.must be hungry 4.depends on