胡瑞明

1.so引起的倒裝句。

【課文原句】Rock music is OK，and so is skiing.

【經(jīng)典考例】

1.—My room gets very cold at night.

—________.

A.So is mineB.So mine is

C.So does mineD.So mine does

2.— Father，you promised!

— Well，But it was you didnt keep your word first.

A.so was I B.so did I

C.so I wasD.so I did

【考點(diǎn)解析】Keys： 1.C 2.D

“so+助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 / 連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示前面主語(yǔ)的情況也適用于另一主語(yǔ)。

—Jack was in Beijing last winter.杰克去年冬天在北京。

—Really?So was I.(= I was also in Beijing last winter.) 是嗎?我也在北京呀。

“so+主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語(yǔ)序，so相當(dāng)于indeed，certainly，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)前面或?qū)Ψ剿f(shuō)情況的贊同或證實(shí)，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。例如：

—You seem to like coffee.你似乎喜歡喝咖啡。

—So I do.是的，我喜歡。

如果前一分句中有幾種不同形式的謂語(yǔ)，后一分句表達(dá)相同情況時(shí)，不能使用so引起的倒裝句，而要用so it is with ...或It is the same with ...It is true of …或The same is true of…句型。例如：

She doesnt play the piano，but she likes singing.So it is with my sister.她不彈鋼琴，但喜歡唱歌，我姐姐也是如此。

Tods father is an honest man and he works hard；so its with Tod.托德的父親為人誠(chéng)實(shí)，工作努力，托德也一樣。

2.when引導(dǎo)并列句

【課文原句】One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.

【經(jīng)典考例】：He was about halfway through his meal________a familiar voice came to his ears.(NMET 2006遼寧)

A.why B.where

C.whenD.while

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為C。該空表示“正在這時(shí)，突然”，因此應(yīng)填when引導(dǎo)并列句。when引導(dǎo)并列句時(shí)表示“正在這時(shí)，突然”，強(qiáng)調(diào)后一分句的動(dòng)作是在前一分句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的期間發(fā)生。例如：

He was watching TV，when he heard someone knocking at the door.他正在看電視，突然聽(tīng)到有人敲門(mén)。

She was about to go to bed，when the telephone rang.她正準(zhǔn)備上床睡覺(jué)，突然電話鈴響了。

3.even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

【課文原句】Even though Wilson is just a volleyball，he becomes fond of him.

【經(jīng)典考例】Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，________they knew it to be valuable.(NMET 2007浙江)

A.as if B.now thatC.even thoughD.so that

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為C。even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“即使……”，“縱使……”之意?？膳ceven if替換，兩者意思基本相同，但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性，而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的，也就是說(shuō)，說(shuō)話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。

4.should +現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

【課文原句】He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.

【經(jīng)典考例】I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I________have driven her there.(NMET 2007 陜西)

A.couldB.must

C.mightD.should

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為D。 should have done意為“(過(guò)去)本應(yīng)該做……而實(shí)際上未做”，用來(lái)表示對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生事情的不滿或責(zé)備等語(yǔ)氣。其否定式表示某種行為本不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了?？梢耘cought to +不定式完成式(have done)互換。例如：

There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You ought to have come，but why didnt you? 昨天的聚會(huì)非常有意思。你本應(yīng)該來(lái)，為何不來(lái)呢?

拓展比較：neednt have done表示“本來(lái)不必做而實(shí)際上做了某事”；can (could) have done在肯定句中表示“本來(lái)可以做而實(shí)際上未做某事”，含有遺憾的意味；must have done sth表示“過(guò)去一定做了某事”。

5.have difficulty in doing sth句型

【課文原句】However，most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.

【經(jīng)典考例】

—Did you have any trouble ________the ________ house?

—No，but I had a lot of difficulty________ .

________ Nobody seemed to know where the key ________ was.

A.to find；getting into

B.in finding；to get in

C.finding；getting into

D.finding；getting in

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為D。have difficulty in doing sth意為“做某事有困難“，其中的difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞，可用much，little等來(lái)修飾。此外該句型中的difficulty可換成trouble，problem，a hard time等。還可構(gòu)成句型：have some difficulty with sth。

6.“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)

【課文原句】With so many people communicating in English every day，we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

【經(jīng)典考例】

1.— Come on，please give me some ideas about the project.

________— Sorry.With so much work________my mind，I almost break down.(NMET 07福建卷)

A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled

2.John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work________he gladly accepted it.(NMET 07安徽卷)

A.finished________ B.finishing________

C.having finished D.was finished

【考點(diǎn)解析】答案為1.B 2.A “with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”，稱為 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，其中的賓補(bǔ)可以是名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去分詞等等。在考題中常要求選擇賓補(bǔ)的形式，在選擇時(shí)賓補(bǔ)該使用什么形式，主要取決于賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系，主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞，此外，不定式作賓補(bǔ)一般表示將來(lái)要做的事，例如：

With so many people communicating in English every day，it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.(賓語(yǔ)so many people與communicate是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ))

With everything he needed to buy，he went into the store.(不定式作賓補(bǔ)表示將來(lái)要做的事)

With everything he needed bought，he left the store.(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表被動(dòng)表完成)

With my key lost，I couldnt enter my room.(過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表被動(dòng))

With nothing to do，I went out for a walk.(不定式作賓補(bǔ))★