胡揚(yáng)朋
Unit 8How was your school trip?
1. win v. 獲勝;贏
Toby won a prize. (P48) 托比獲得了一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)。
辨析: win與beat
win意為“獲勝”、“贏得”,其后的賓語(yǔ)不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,而是表示比賽(game)、 獎(jiǎng)品(prize)、 戰(zhàn)斗(battle)一類的名詞。例如:
He won the Nobel prize for physics in 1921. 他在一九二一年獲得了諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)金。
—Who won the race? 賽跑中誰(shuí)獲勝了?
—I won but David came second. 我獲勝了,不過(guò)大衛(wèi)跑了第二。
They won the battle but lost many men. 他們?nèi)〉昧藨?zhàn)斗的勝利,但犧牲了很多人。
beat意為“勝過(guò)”、“打敗”,其賓語(yǔ)必須是“人”或一個(gè)集體,如a team, a class, a school等。例如:
We beat their team by 10 points. 我們贏了他們隊(duì)十分。
I beat John at chess yesterday. 昨天和約翰下棋我贏了他。
2. else adj. & adv. 其他的;別的;另外的
What else did you do? (P48) 你還干了些什么?
辨析: else與other
兩者都可以表示“別的”、“其他的”、“另外的”。 else用作形容詞或副詞時(shí),常出現(xiàn)在who, what等疑問(wèn)代詞, nobody, nothing, anybody, anything, somebody, something等不定代詞以及where, how等疑問(wèn)副詞之后,作后置定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例如:
What else would you like? 你還喜歡什么?
Did you see anybody else? 你看到別的什么人了嗎?
Look at something else in the room. 看看房間里別的東西吧。
Where else did you go? 你還去過(guò)別的什么地方?
注意:“不定代詞+ elses”可構(gòu)成該不定代詞的所有格。例如:
Then it will be someone elses turn. 然后就要輪到其他某個(gè)人了。
other用作形容詞修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只能放在它們前面。例如:
You can read other books. 你可以看別的書(shū)。
Dont tell the other boys about it. 不要把此事告訴別的男孩子。
other還可修飾代詞one或ones。 例如:
This story is more interesting than the other one. 這個(gè)故事比那個(gè)更有趣。
注意:可以說(shuō)the two other books, 也可以說(shuō)the other two books; 可以說(shuō)two other books, 但不能說(shuō)other two books。
3. take photos 拍照
Did you take any photos? (P48) 你照相了嗎?
take photos意為“拍照”、“照相”; photo是photograph的縮寫(xiě)形式。 take a photo of somebody意為“給某人拍照片”。例如:
I took a photo of my sister. 我給我姐姐照了一張相片。
注意:若要表示“請(qǐng)某人拍照”,常用have ones photo taken。 例如:
He had his photo taken this morning. 今天上午他請(qǐng)人拍照。
4. at the end of在……結(jié)束時(shí);在……盡頭
At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the class monitor cleaned the bus after the trip. (P49) 在一天結(jié)束時(shí),理科教師非常高興,因?yàn)榘嚅L(zhǎng)在旅游結(jié)束之后打掃了公共汽車(chē)。
at the end of之后可接表示時(shí)間的名詞,表示“在……時(shí)間末”。例如:
At the end of this month well go to the Great Wall. 本月末我們將去參觀長(zhǎng)城。
He came back from Japan at the end of 1998. 他在1998年末從日本回來(lái)。
at the end of后面也可接表示事物的名詞,表示“在某物的末端”。例如:
At the end of the road youll see the hospital. 在路的盡頭你會(huì)看到那所醫(yī)院。
Then she sat down on the seat at the end of the garden. 然后她在花園盡頭的座位上坐了下來(lái)。
5. day off休息日;假日
On my next day off, I dont want to go for a drive. (P50) 下個(gè)休息日,我不想開(kāi)車(chē)去兜風(fēng)。
day off是“休假的一天”,其中的day可根據(jù)意思上的需要有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。例如:
Tomorrow is my day off, and Im going to take my family to the park. 明天我休息,我打算帶全家上公園去玩。
We will have three days off next month. 下個(gè)月我們有三天假。
6. have fun玩得高興
Im sorry you didnt have fun on your day off. (P51) 真遺憾,你休息日過(guò)得不開(kāi)心。
have fun意為“玩得高興”、“過(guò)得愉快”,相當(dāng)于have a good time。 在這里fun是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不能加a,也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Its a good place to have fun. 這是一個(gè)好玩的地方。
Boys and girls, please come, have fun! 孩子們,請(qǐng)過(guò)來(lái),盡情地玩吧!
have fun后面可以接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,意為“愉快地做某事”。例如:
Did you have fun camping? (P51) 你們野營(yíng)有趣嗎?
Well have fun learning English this term. 這學(xué)期我們將愉快地學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
7. again adv. 再一次;又一次
Do you want to go again? (P52) 你想再去一次嗎?
again意為“再一次”、“又一次”,指重復(fù)某一動(dòng)作。例如:
Say it again, please. 請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍。
Its good to see all my teachers and friends again. 再一次見(jiàn)到我的老師和朋友們,真是好極了。
again的另一個(gè)意思是“現(xiàn)在又恢復(fù)原來(lái)的狀態(tài)”,指經(jīng)過(guò)變化后又回到原來(lái)的狀態(tài),不是指某一動(dòng)作的重復(fù)。例如:
She was ill, but now she was well again. 她病了,可現(xiàn)在又康復(fù)了。
比較: again and again意為“再三地”、“一再地”,強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)地做某事或某一動(dòng)作。例如:
She asked me again and again to go shopping with her. 她一再請(qǐng)求我與她一起去購(gòu)物。
8. in the future將來(lái)
We watched a movie about living in the future. (P52) 我們看了一部有關(guān)未來(lái)生活的電影。
辨析: in the future與in future
in future意為“從今以后”,相當(dāng)于from now on。 例如:
In future, you must be more careful with your work. 從今以后,你做工作時(shí)必須更加小心。
Try to live a better life in future. 盡力使今后的日子過(guò)得好一些。
in the future意為“將來(lái)”、“未來(lái)”,但不一定就是從今立即開(kāi)始,而是指將來(lái)的時(shí)間,相當(dāng)于in the time yet to come。 例如:
No one knows what will happen in the future. 沒(méi)有人知道將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
鞏固練習(xí):
1. 用beat或win填空:
1) Dick ______ John and _______ the game.
2) He ______ all runners in the race.
3) It was easy for him to _______ the race.
4) We will certainly_______ the basketball match with Class Four.
2. 用other或else填空:
1) Give me the ________ pencil, not this one.
2) He has nothing ______ to do today.
3) Whom_______did you see?
4) Have you any_______books on this subject?
3. 用in the future或in future填空:
1) Youd better not go out alone_______.
2) Id like to be a teacher_________.
3) You must be more careful_______.
4) Maybe one day ________ we will be able to take a trip to the moon.
Key:
1. 1) beat; won2) beat3) win4) win
2. 1) other2) else3) else4) other
3. 1) in future2) in the future3) in future4) in the future