張祥美
乍一看, hope和wish都能表達(dá)“希望”,但這兩種“希望”卻大不相同。筆者希望通過(guò)本文,能幫助你辨別hope和wish的用法。
★ 從詞性上看, hope和wish不僅可以用作動(dòng)詞,而且還可以用作名詞。用作名詞時(shí), hope和wish既可用作可數(shù)名詞,也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
My hope is to be a teacher. 我的愿望是當(dāng)一名教師。
This new medicine will give hope to you. Please dont lose hope. 這種新藥會(huì)給你帶來(lái)希望的。請(qǐng)不要失去希望。
With best wishes for a Happy New Year! 恭祝新年快樂(lè)!
They have no wish to be rich. 他們不想發(fā)財(cái)。
★ 從意義上看, hope多用于對(duì)某事的預(yù)想、盼望,這種愿望將來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很大;而wish所表示的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小,甚至是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。具體地說(shuō), wish后面賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為過(guò)去式,用來(lái)表達(dá)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。例如:
I hope it will be fine the day after tomorrow. 我希望后天的天氣會(huì)好起來(lái)。
I wish you had two wings and flew up in the blue sky. 我希望你生出雙翅,翱翔藍(lán)天。
★ 從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,它們的用法既有相同之處,又有不同之處。
① 相同之處:
﹡hope和wish后面都可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
I hope/wish to watch another football match. 我希望再看一場(chǎng)足球賽。
I hope/wish to go boating with you. 我希望和你一起去劃船。
﹡hope和wish后面都可跟賓語(yǔ)從句,但wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,這時(shí),連詞that通??墒÷?,而且that 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如:
Her mother hopes that I will pass the exam. 她媽媽希望我能通過(guò)考試。
I wish I were you. 但愿我是你。
﹡hope和wish后面都不可以接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
誤: I cant come today, but I really hope/wish visiting you on Sunday.
正: I cant come today, but I really hope/wish to visit you on Sunday.
﹡hope和wish后面都可接介詞for, 意為“期望、希望”。例如:
There is every reason to hope for success. 有充分的理由期望成功的到來(lái)。
This time we really wished for better results. 這次我們的確希望取得較好的成果。
② 不同之處:
wish 后面可以跟由“名詞/代詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)或由“間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的雙賓語(yǔ),即“wish sb to do sth”或“wish sb sth”, 而hope則不能這樣用。例如:
I wish you to be happy. 我希望你幸福。 (wish不可用hope替代)
I wish you well. 祝您健康。 (wish不可用hope替代)
★ 使用hope和wish時(shí),應(yīng)注意:可以說(shuō)“I hope so/not. (但愿如此。/希望不會(huì)。)”或“I dont hope so.”, 不可說(shuō)“I wish so/not.”或“I dont wish so.”。例如:
—Our team will win. 我們的隊(duì)會(huì)贏的。
—I hope so. 我希望如此。
—Will it rain the day after tomorrow? 后天會(huì)下雨嗎?
—I hope not. 希望不會(huì)。
請(qǐng)大家做下面的練習(xí),測(cè)一測(cè)自己是否掌握了hope和wish的用法。
Ⅰ. 用hope或wish填空。
1. Millie ______ to work in your school.
2. They ________ that their teacher wont tell their parents about it.
3. Henrys family ________ that they could visit the Great Wall at once.
4. Give our best ________ to your teacher.
5. —Can she finish her homework today?
—I________so.
Ⅱ. 選擇填空
1. I wish that I _______ young again.
A. can be B. could be C. will be D. may be
2. I hope that I_________ your school soon.
A. am visiting B. visit C. will visit D. would visit
3. I hope _______ go to college in the future.
A. you to B. youll C. you could D. you
4. She has some _______for success.
A. hopes B. hope C. wish D. wishs
5. I _______ me alone.
A. wish you to leave B. hope you to leave
C. wish you leaving D. hope you leaving
Ⅲ. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)句子,完成英語(yǔ)句子。每空限填一詞。
1. 我的愿望是長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)一名教師。
My ________ is ____ _____a teacher when I grow up.
2. 我們期望下雨。
We_______ _____rain.
3. 我希望今天下午去游泳。
I ___ ____ ____swimming this afternoon.
4. —明天會(huì)是晴天嗎?
—但愿如此。
—Will it be fine tomorrow?
—______ ______ ________.
5. 我希望你健康快樂(lè)。
I________ you _______ and happy.
Key:
Ⅰ. 1. hopes/wishes2. hope3. wish4. wishes5. hope
Ⅱ. 1-5 BCBAA
Ⅲ. 1. hope; to be2. hope/wish for3. hope/wish to go4. I hope so
5. wish; well