舒安江
Q:學了how often的用法后,我在做“就劃線部分提問”一類試題時老是分辨不了該用how often還是該用how many times,請講講這兩個詞組用法的區(qū)別好嗎?
A: 好的。how many times表示“多少次”,用來詢問次數(shù),用于就once, twice, three times, four times 等表示次數(shù)的單詞或短語提問。how often 表示“多久一次;多常”,用來詢問頻率,用于就once a week, twice a month, three times a year等短語提問。請看下面兩個例子:
They go to the movies twice a month.(就劃線部分提問)
→ How many times do they go to the movie a month? 他們一個月去多少次電影院?
He watches TV three times a week.(就劃線部分提問)
→ How often does he watch TV?他多 久看一次電視?
Q: 翻譯“雖然他很有錢,但他并不很快樂?!睍r我譯為Although he has much money, but he isnt very happy. 老師說我犯了錯。請問我錯在哪里?
A: 你這種譯法犯了“蛇足類”錯誤。用although或but 表示“雖然……,但是……”時,應避免受漢語的影響,although和but 不能同時出現(xiàn)在一句話中。所以“雖然他很有錢,但他并不很快樂”的正確譯法為:Although he has much money, he isnt very happy. 或 He has much money, but he isnt very happy.
【知識延伸】 用because或 so 表示“因為……,所以……”時,也應遵循上述原則。例如:翻譯“因為他昨天生病了,所以他沒去上學?!?/p>
Because he was ill, so he didnt go to school yesterday. (×)
Because he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (√)
He was ill, so he didnt go to school yesterday. (√)
Q: “be + v-ing”結構既可表示某動作正在進行, 也可表示某動作將要發(fā)生。面對含有這種結構的句子,我們該如何確定這種結構屬于哪種用法呢?
A: 分辨含有“be + v-ing”結構句子的用法主要是通過比較句子末尾的時間狀語確定:含有now, these days等時間狀語的句子中的“be + v-ing”結構表示動作正在發(fā)生;含有表將來時間狀語的句子中的“be + v-ing”結構表示動作將要發(fā)生。例如:
He is watching TV in his room now. 他現(xiàn)在正在房間里看電視。(現(xiàn)在進行時)
Im going to Hawaii for vacation next month. 下個月我將去夏威夷度假。(一般將來時)
若含有“be + v-ing”結構的句子沒有時間狀語,則必須根據(jù)句意、語境或上下文來分辨它屬于哪種用法。例如:
Dont make noise. Im doing my homework. 不要吵,我正在做作業(yè)。(動作正在發(fā)生)
—What is Linda doing for vacation?琳達假期將干什么?
—She is going to visit her friends in Tibet.她將去西藏看她的朋友。(動作將要發(fā)生)
此外,以look, listen等動詞開頭的祈使句中的“be + v-ing”結構通常表示某一動作正在發(fā)生。例如:
Look! These boys are having lunch.看!這些男孩們正在吃午飯。
Listen! The children are singing over there.聽!孩子們在那邊唱歌。
Q: 第三單元中的I heard that Canada is beautiful, and I know there are many people there who speak French. 這句話,我弄不明白句中who一詞的用法,能給我些點撥嗎?
A: 句中的I know there are many people there who speak French. 是一個賓語從句,意思為“我知道那里有許多人說法語”,從句there are many people there who speak French中包含一個定語從句,who speak French 用來修飾many people,many people是先行詞,who是引導詞,在定語從句中充當主語。又如:
Do you know the boy who is reading in the classroom? 你認識在教室里看書的那個男孩嗎?(the boy是先行詞,who is reading in the classroom是定語從句,引導詞who充當從句的主語)