原文:The patient complained that he had terrible stomach pains and the constant runs.
原譯:病人埋怨說,他肚子疼得厲害,只好不停地跑。
辨析:首先,complain不等于“埋怨”,這里表示病人“自述”,如:He complained of a headache.(他自述頭疼。)我們平時說的“意見箱”,英語就叫complain box。
原譯的主要問題還在后面。讀者會問“肚子疼的人為什么要不停地跑?”其實,這里的run和“跑”沒有關系。Run 是一個常用詞,其意思非常多,不僅可以表示動態(tài)的“跑”:The bus runs from here to Chicago. 還可以表示靜止的狀態(tài),比如下面這個問題:What runs a long way but stays in the same place? 這不是一個“腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎”式的問題,其答案是a road,這里的run是“通向……”或“延伸”的意思。Run 可以是不及物動詞:He runs very fast.也可以是及物動詞:He is now running three workshops.(管理), 還可以是系動詞:The old man soon ran mad.(變得)。Run還可以用做名詞,也有很多意思,如:After the race she still had a lot of run in her. (跑步的力氣) We'll take a run up to the top of the hill.(跑) He did a run of scales.(按音階速奏) The new book had a considerable run.(暢銷 / 流行) They put on the play for a run of 100 nights.(連續(xù)上演,一般譯作“輪”,如“首輪影院”就叫first-run cinema。)
要了解本句原文中run的意思,要從這個路子去思考:大家知道,得了感冒的人have a running nose,當然不是說鼻子會跑,而是“老流鼻涕”。(英語里有一則笑話,病人對醫(yī)生說:I have a running nose and smelling feet. 醫(yī)生居然回答說:You are built upside down. (病人是“裝倒了個兒”)你能領悟出其中的“包袱”嗎?)又如:Her eyes constantly run with tears.(她老流眼淚。)順著這個線索不難猜得出原文里the constant runs是“不停地拉肚子 / 腹瀉”的意思。所以全句可譯為:病人自訴說肚子疼得厲害,而且不停地瀉?!?/p>
(本欄目供稿:陳德彰教授)