吳　濤

在高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到一些表達(dá)“雖然；即使；不論；盡管”等讓步意義的詞匯，其中有從屬連詞、介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和習(xí)語(yǔ)等，而且在高考中出現(xiàn)的頻率也很高。現(xiàn)將其歸納如下：

1. although conj.“雖然，盡管”例如：

Although this is a bit different from conventional businesses, the programme has a rapidly growing output and many people have been quite successful. (M10U1)盡管這有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不同于傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)，但它的產(chǎn)量迅速增長(zhǎng)，許多人很成功。

2. though conj. “雖然，盡管”例如：

Though they got along well, therere some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert. (M5U1)他們倆相處得很好，但阿曼達(dá)跟她朋友的有些事情讓羅伯特感到困惑。

友情提醒：

①省略結(jié)構(gòu)中用though，不用although 例如：

Though alone, he is happy. 盡管單身，他卻很快樂(lè)。

②though還可以和其他詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成as though, even though等固定詞組，而although不可以。

③though 和as一樣，可引起倒裝，而although不可以。例如：

Hard though he studied, he didnt pass the exam.盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很用功，但考試還是沒(méi)及格。

④though還可用作副詞“可是，然而，不過(guò)”，常位于句中或句末，其前用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，而although不可以。例如：

When I look back, I find I didnt like some of the questions the audience asked, though. （M5U2）當(dāng)我回顧時(shí)，我卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我不喜歡觀眾提的一些問(wèn)題。

3. whether conj. “不管，無(wú)論” 例如：

Whether students want to exercise or just want some fun, they can use our gym. （M1U1） 無(wú)論學(xué)生想鍛煉還是娛樂(lè)，他們都可以使用我們的體育館。

4. no matter what/ where/ when/ how etc. “ 不管，無(wú)論，不論” ，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：

Today, athletes from around the world can take part no matter what language they speak. （M4U2）今天，來(lái)自世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員都可以參加，無(wú)論說(shuō)的是那種語(yǔ)言。

5. wh-類(lèi)詞與ever合成，表示讓步意義。例如：

With mobile phones, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are. (M7U1)有了手機(jī)，無(wú)論我們?cè)谀膬憾伎梢院蛣e人保持聯(lián)系。

Whatever the reason, research shows that in the end the English saying “Laughter is the best medicine” may be true after all. (M6U1)不管什么原因，研究表明格言“笑是靈丹妙藥”到頭來(lái)可能真的沒(méi)錯(cuò)。

Whichever kind of public transport you choose, you should do your part towards making a better world…(M7U4)不論你選擇什么樣的交通方式，你都應(yīng)該盡力去創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更加美好的世界……

6. even if/ even though “盡管，即使” 例如：

Well try to get as close as possible to the animals, even though theyre dangerous so that I can take some really good photos. (M2U2)盡管這些動(dòng)物很危險(xiǎn)，我們還是要試圖盡可能地靠近它們，這樣我就有可能拍到一些真正的好照片了。

Even if youre a person between a child and a grown-up, you still are not expected to act so badly! (M1U2)即使你是一個(gè)介于孩童和成年人之間的人，你做出這樣糟糕的事情也讓人很驚訝！

友情提醒：

①even if 和even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

②even if 和even though后面也可接分詞。與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。例如：

Even though falling behind, I still have confidence in myself.我雖然落后了，但仍然對(duì)自己有信心。

I wouldnt like to attend his party even if invited. 我不會(huì)參加他的宴會(huì)，即使被邀請(qǐng)。

7. while conj.“雖然，盡管”(此時(shí)只用于句首) 例如：

While these different forms of greetings and customs might seem strange to you, remember that what you consider normal probably seems equally strange to others. （M6U3）雖然在你看來(lái)這些問(wèn)候方式和習(xí)俗可能很奇怪，但請(qǐng)記住，你覺(jué)得正常的問(wèn)候方式和習(xí)俗在別人看來(lái)或許同樣奇怪。

8. regardless of “不顧，不管” （其后不加句子）例如：

Our policy is to include high-quality films, regardless of who makes them. (M8U4)我們的政策是囊括所有高質(zhì)量的電影，而不考慮是誰(shuí)制作它們。

9. despite prep. “盡管，任憑” （其后不加句子）例如：

Despite this fact, French still had an impact on the English language.（M3U2）然而，法語(yǔ)還是對(duì)英語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。

拓展延伸：

10. as conj. “盡管，雖然，即使”此時(shí)通常用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把從句的表語(yǔ)（如果是名詞，零冠詞）或狀語(yǔ)或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的實(shí)意動(dòng)詞放到as前。例如：

Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow.盡管我年輕，我早知道自己要從事什么職業(yè)。

Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer.盡管還是個(gè)孩子，可他精通電腦。

Try as she would/ might, she couldnt open the door.她試過(guò)多次了，卻打不開(kāi)那扇門(mén)。

11. when conj. “雖然，（然）而” 例如：

He usually walks when he might ride.雖然有車(chē)可坐，他通?？偸遣叫小?/p>

12. in spite of “不管，盡管” （這是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，其后不加句子）例如：

They said that they would keep on fighting in spite of all setbacks.他們說(shuō)他們將百折不回地戰(zhàn)斗下去。

即時(shí)鞏固：

1. With the touch with family members ______ you are in the world.(M7U3)

2. ______ you think the Academy Awards are a film festival or not, everyone agrees that the Oscar

is the best-known award a contemporary film can receive.(M8U4)

3.______ way I look at it, Ill never be really good at anything unless I quit doing everything else.

(M6U2)

4. ______ a number of tombs have survived relatively undamaged, all have suffered at least some

damage from centuries of exposure, war, fire and deliberate destruction. (M9U2)

5. This is the key to getting the job you want, ______ youre just applying for a position as a

typist.(M11U2)

高考鏈接：

1. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ______ there is human suffering. (2006

江西)

A. whoeverB. howeverC. whatever D. wherever

2.______ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. (2006 全國(guó)卷I)

A. Since B. Unless C. AsD. Although

3. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______ they knew it to be available. (2007 浙江)

A. as ifB. now thatC. even though D. so that

4.______ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (2007 山東)

A. AsB. SinceC. If D. While

5.______ this is only a small town, its crowded with tourists who come here all year round. (2008

上海春季)

A. Since B. UnlessC. Once D. Although

6.______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. (2008 遼寧)

A. WhateverB. Whenever C. WhereverD. However

7. All people, _____ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those

in need since the disaster. (2008重慶)

A. even ifB. whether C. no matter D. however

8. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______ the season. (2008 全國(guó)卷I)

A. whateverB. whereverC. whenever D. however

Keys:

即時(shí)鞏固

1. wherever / no matter where 2. Whether 3. Whichever 4. Although / Though 5. even if / even though

高考鏈接

1—5 DDCDD 6—8 DBA