徐 元

英語中表示“建議、勸告”的動詞主要有:

advise (美語advice)表示“勸告、忠告”;

persuade表示“勸服、說服”;

urge表示“催促、力勸、激勵、慫恿別人去做某事”,語氣上較其他詞強(qiáng)烈;

suggest表示“提出計(jì)劃、想法,讓別人去思考、去做”;

propose 表示“提議、建議”,是正式的書面語,指要求對具體的計(jì)劃、觀點(diǎn)或主張加以考慮或同意,提出議題讓會議表決等。

它們在用法上的區(qū)別如下:

(1) advise, persuade, urge之后可接動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),一般不能直接接動詞不定式作賓語;

propose后面不能接動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),只能直接接動詞不定式作賓語;

而suggest后既不能接動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),也不能直接接動詞不定式。

例1I advised / persuaded / urged him to give up the foolish idea.我建議/說服/催促他放棄那愚蠢的念頭。

例2I proposed to start early.我建議早一點(diǎn)出發(fā)。

(2) suggest, advise, propose可接動名詞作賓語;

persuade后面不能接動名詞,可用persuade sb. into doing sth.的結(jié)構(gòu),含義和persuade sb. to do sth. 相同。當(dāng)表示去勸說但不一定成功時,多用try to persuade的結(jié)構(gòu)。

例3They suggested / advised / proposed putting off the conference until the proper time. 他們建議將大會延期到恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r候再開。

例4How can we persuade the young into joining us? 我們怎樣才能說服年輕人加入我們呢?

例5The wife tried to persuade her husband to give up gambling but it didnt work. 妻子勸丈夫戒賭,但他聽不進(jìn)。

例6I suggested / proposed his giving up the foolish idea.我提議他放棄那愚蠢的念頭。(suggest和propose在口語里可接動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

(3) suggest, advise, propose和urge都可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,從句要用虛擬語氣(...that sb should do,should可以省略);而persuade后面不能接這樣的句型。

例7We suggested / advised / proposed / urged that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.我們建議/力勸他去向老師道歉。

(4) suggest接賓語從句,還可以表示“暗示、表明”的意思,但此時從句要用陳述語氣,不用虛擬語氣。

例8Her pale face suggested that she was in bad health. 她臉色蒼白,表明她身體不太好。

【牛刀小試】

1. She advised that hehay while the sun shone.

A. would make B. makes C. make D. made

2. We tried toour teacher not to punish us for being late but failed.

A. advise B. persuade C. suggest D. propose

3. Its six oclock, so wethem to stay for dinner.

A. advised B. suggested C. proposed D. urged

4. The artistholding a bazaar(義賣會) for the victims of the earthquake.

A. urged B. proposed C. persuaded D. asked

5. She couldnt help beinginto buying those things she didnt need.

A. proposed B. advised C. persuaded D. suggested

6. When Ithat some villagers must have come in for a free drink at midnight, Mr. William shook his head.

A. suggested B. advised C. persuaded D. proposed