趙振娟

名詞性從句中連接代詞 what的用法是歷年高考試題的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),學(xué)生普遍覺(jué)得棘手。現(xiàn)結(jié)合近幾年的高考題對(duì)其用法進(jìn)行歸納和講解,并提供高考試題作為鞏固練習(xí),希望能對(duì)廣大考生牢固地掌握其用法有所幫助。

一、用法歸納

what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),作連接代詞,即復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞,意思是“所……的事物/人”, 相當(dāng)于the thing(s) / people that..., that which...或those which..., 即先行詞+關(guān)系代詞。

二、用法講解

1. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)?jiān)囎鱿旅娴母呖碱}:

1. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (08·山東)

A. It B. This C. What D. As

2. ______ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (08·福建)

A. It B. What C. As D. Which

答案與解析:1-2 CB。 以上兩道考題的答案都選what, 兩個(gè)what從句均為主語(yǔ)從句,what 在從句中作主語(yǔ),表示“……的事”。 注意:第1小題中的she told me是插入語(yǔ)。第2小題中,如去掉is ,則答案為A; 若把is和that都去掉,且加上逗號(hào),答案就是C了。

又如:What was once regarded as impossiblehas now become a reality.

過(guò)去認(rèn)為不可能的事現(xiàn)在已成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

What really matters is the way he deals with dangerous things.

真正有關(guān)系的是他處理危險(xiǎn)事情的方式。

2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)?jiān)囎鱿旅娴母呖碱}:

1. See the flag on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. (06·全國(guó)I)

A. when B. which C. where D. what

2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped.

(05·安徽)

A. what; when B. that; which

C. what; which D. which; that

答案與解析:1-2 DA。第1、2小題中,what引導(dǎo)的都是表語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中分別作賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。另外,第2小題中,when引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。

又如:Times are notwhat they used to be. 時(shí)代不同了。

He is notwhat he was a few years ago. 他不是幾年前的他了。

3. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,包括介詞的賓語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)囎鱿旅娴母呖碱}:

1. When asked ______ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (08·湖南)

A. what B. why C. whom D. which

2. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.(08·浙江)

A. what B. that C. which D. one

3. The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.( 08·北京)

A. which B. that C. what D. who

4. People in Chongqing are proud of ______ they have achieved in the past ten years. (08·重慶)

A. that B. which C. what D. how

5. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ___ he will do or think.(08·上海)

A. what B. which C. whom D. that

答案與解析:1-5 AACCA。第1、3小題中,what 引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句都作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),在從句中它們分別作賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)。注意:第1小題中When asked = When they were asked;第3小題中的 they hope是插入語(yǔ)。第2、4、5小題中,what 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句都作介詞的賓語(yǔ),在從句中它們分別作動(dòng)詞speak,achieve 和do or think的賓語(yǔ)。

又如:The teacher began to criticizewhat the boy had done.

老師開(kāi)始批評(píng)男孩所做的事。

No one knowswhat will happen next.

誰(shuí)也不知道下一步有什么事。

My hometown is different fromwhat it was ten years ago.

我的家鄉(xiāng)和十年前不同了。

It was just a quiet small place then compared towhat it is now.

和現(xiàn)在比起來(lái),它那時(shí)候只是個(gè)安靜的小地方。

三、鞏固練習(xí)

1. ______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(07·全國(guó)II)

A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which

2. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (07·上海)

A. That B.What C.Whether D. Where

3. You can only be sure of ______ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ______ you might get in the future.

(07·安徽)

A. that; what B. what; /

C. which; that D. /; that

4. It is none of your business ______ other people think about you. Believe yourself. (07·福建)

A. how B. what C. which D. when

5. Seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ______ it is. (07·天津)

A. what B. which C. how D. where

6. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. (07·江蘇)

A. what B. why C. how D. whether

7.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (07· 陜西)

A. That B. Which C. What D.As

8. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of ______ you read. (07·滬春)

A. that B. what C. which D. whether

9. ——Could you do me a favor?

—— It depends on ______ it is.(06·北京)

A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever

10. ______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (06·遼寧)

A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever

11. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.(05·滬春)

A. as B. which C. what D. that

12. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.(05·山東)

A. where B. how C. what D. which

13. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (04·上海)

A. where B. what C. that D. how

14. I think Father would like to know ______ I've been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note. (04·湖南)

A. which B. why C. what D. how

15. It is pretty well understood ______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (03·上海)

A. that B. when C. what D. how

16. ——Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?

——Oh, that's ______.(03·京春)

A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited

17. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (03·滬春)

A. What; because B. What; that

C. That; what D. That; because

18. Perseverance is a kind of quality — and that's ______ it takes to do anything well. (02·上海)

A. what B. that C. which D. why

19. ——I think it's going to be a big problem.

——Yes, it could be.

——I wonder ______ we can do about it. (02·京春)

A. if B. how C. what D. that

20. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ______ he wants. (02·滬春)

A. what B. which C. when D. that

21. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. (01·全國(guó))

A. how B. after C. what D. when

22. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______ he had done the day before. (01·滬春)

A. that B. howC. where D. what

23. ______ she couldn't understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (00·上海)

A. What; why B. That; what

C. What; because D. Why; that

24.______ surprises me most is that she doesn't even know where the difference between the two lies. (00·滬春)

A. What B. How C. That D. Which

答案:ABBBAACBCACCBCCABACACDAA