謝期繁

廣東高考英語完形填空全面考查考生的語言知識、閱讀理解能力和邏輯思維能力。本文從這類試題的篇章特點(diǎn)和選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)等方面進(jìn)行解讀,并對如何解答這類試題進(jìn)行了探討。

一、篇章特點(diǎn)

近三年廣東高考英語完形填空的短文長度都在200詞左右(2007年153詞,2008年206詞,2009年173詞),生詞少,難度適中。一般來說,首句不設(shè)空格,提供充足語境。從體裁上來說涉及記敘文、說明文和議論文。比如2006年高考是一篇夾敘夾議的議論文,2007年高考是一篇介紹一種軟件的說明文,2008年高考是一篇記敘文,2009年高考也是記敘文。掌握各種文體的特點(diǎn)有助于我們快速而準(zhǔn)確地理解短文內(nèi)容,采取恰當(dāng)?shù)慕忸}思路和方法。

二、選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

廣東已單獨(dú)命題六年了,2004—2006年的完形填空題中有介詞(如06年的in, through)、起連接作用的詞(如04年的when,05年的until和how)、情態(tài)動詞(如05年的dare)、短語動詞(如05年的thought out,06年的grow up)、短語副詞(如04年的for a while, as a matter of fact,06年的for instance,of course和on the other hand)。

但是,從近三年廣東高考完形填空涉及的詞類來看,沒有考查代詞、冠詞、介詞、情態(tài)動詞、連接性詞語(包括but等并列連詞和引導(dǎo)各類從句的詞)、短語動詞和短語副詞等。究其原因,主要是“語法填空”的誕生,測試功能更加細(xì)化了。近三年的選項(xiàng)是名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞,所有選項(xiàng)也都是一個英語單詞(當(dāng)然不排除今后也會有詞組的出現(xiàn))。2007—2009年完形填空的選項(xiàng)分布如下表:

從近三年的選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)來看,每一題的4個選項(xiàng)都屬于同一詞類,且都是同一語法形式,沒有一道題涉及語法規(guī)則。

若為動詞,要么都是原形,要么都是一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)形式,要么都是現(xiàn)在分詞,要么都是過去式,要么都是過去分詞;若為名詞,要么都是單數(shù),要么都是復(fù)數(shù);若為形容詞或副詞,要么都是原級,要么都是比較級,要么都是最高級。如:

1. A. begins B. tries

C. fails D. stops (07年29題)

2. A. introducing B. announcing

C. implying D. advertising(09年22題)

3. A. found B. misunderstood

C. mistook D. judged(09年21題)

4. A. babies B. believers

C. fairies D. supermen (08年21題)

5. A. generally B. basically

C. usually D. certainly (09年30題)

就命題的著眼點(diǎn)來說,主要是要求考生通過對上下文的理解,進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬐评?選擇一個意義和用法都符合語境的選項(xiàng)。其中,也有涉及構(gòu)詞法知識的內(nèi)容,如正確選項(xiàng)可能為由課標(biāo)詞匯的詞根派生的新詞。如:

1. A. generallyB. basically

C. usually D. certainly (09年30題)

2. A. uncomfortable

B. unbelievable

C. unacceptable

D.unrecognizable(08年24題)

3. A. independent B. infrequent

C.inexpensiveD. instant(07年26題)

還有可能考查固定搭配。如:

A major French newspaper_____21_____his brother for him and…which would be awarded to people Ks5uwho made great_____ 29_____ to the causes of peace… (2009年)

21. A. found B. misunderstood

C. mistook D. judged

29. A. additions B. sacrifices

C. changes D. contributions

21題是考查固定搭配mistake A for B (將A誤以為B);29題是考查固定搭配make contributions to…(對……作出貢獻(xiàn))。

三、解題技巧

根據(jù)完形填空的特點(diǎn),我們在解題時可考慮采用以下技巧:

(一)關(guān)注文章首句,領(lǐng)會文章大意

通過理解文章的首句,我們可以明確短文話題,了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu),預(yù)測全文內(nèi)容。然后跳過文章中的空格,快速通讀,領(lǐng)會文章的大意。對于文中出現(xiàn)的生詞可以跳過不管。

(二)上下聯(lián)系,初定答案

1. 通過邏輯關(guān)系確定選項(xiàng)。

根據(jù)空格所在句的前后部分或上下句之間的因果、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系,進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬐评砑纯傻贸龃鸢?。?

(1)Not all of these fairies are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are________ and cause much human suffering. (08廣東高考)

A. powerfulB. cruel

C. frightened D. extraordinary

根據(jù)上文的not friendly 以及表示并列關(guān)系的連詞and可知空格應(yīng)該填的詞與not friendly是同義詞,故選B。

(2)These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows _______ and pale and has changed so much that it is almost_______ to the parents. (08廣東高考)

A. sick B. slim

C. short D. small

A. uncomfortableB. unbelievable

C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable

根據(jù)表示并列關(guān)系的連詞and,可知第一空要填的詞應(yīng)當(dāng)和pale是同類,故選A。第二空由因果關(guān)系可推斷出正確選項(xiàng):因?yàn)椤白兓?has changed so much)”,所以“認(rèn)不出來(unrecognizable)”。

(3)“Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ______ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday. ” (09廣東高考)

A. famousB. sick

C. rich D. popular

如果不根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理,好像選項(xiàng)A、C和D都正確。但根據(jù)文章第一行的“millionaire(百萬富翁)”和第四行的“the merchant of death is dead (靠死人獲利的商人已經(jīng)死了)”,可以推斷出“諾貝爾是個通過找到更快的殺死更多人的方法而變得富?！?故選C。

2. 根據(jù)詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)來確定選項(xiàng)。

詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)就是正確選項(xiàng)是上下文中已出現(xiàn)了的同一個單詞或者與文中某個詞是同義異形詞。如:

(1)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies (仙女). Not all of these ________ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folktales they are cruel and cause much human suffering. (08廣東)

A. babies B. believers

C. fairies D. supermen

本題答案是C,也就是前句中出現(xiàn)了的fairies。

(2)Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”. Now their_____28____

will be tested as never before. (07上海)

A. information B. investment

C. claims D. shops

本題答案是C。claim (聲稱)在上文中是動詞,在空格處為名詞。

(3)There were many ways to prevent this from happening: hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended ________. (08廣東)

A. cases B. tools

C. steps D. methods

根據(jù)上文提到的many ways,推斷出這里應(yīng)該填ways的同義詞methods,意思是“推薦的方法”。

3. 從語意的連貫性來確定選項(xiàng)。

完形填空不涉及對語法知識的考查,重點(diǎn)考查同學(xué)們對篇章的理解,因此,在決定選項(xiàng)時要考慮上下文語意的連貫性。

(1)It was then feared that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and replaced the human baby with a fairy Changeling... In those cases there was often a way to get the_____ baby back. (08高考)

A. little B. pale

C. sad D. real

根據(jù)上文的stolen...away and replaced...with...可知小孩已經(jīng)被偷走了,已由a fairy Changeling取而代之。根據(jù)語意的連貫性可知,要找回的應(yīng)是real baby,故選D。

(2)The first is the removal from the curriculum (課程) of the thorough teaching of English ____. Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future. (06上海)

A. vocabulary B. culture

C. grammar D. literature

根據(jù)后文的a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future可知所涉及的是語法方面的知識。根據(jù)前后語意的連貫,此空應(yīng)該選C。

(三)復(fù)讀檢查

把你選擇的答案代入短文原句檢查復(fù)核,主要從語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、句子邏輯、語意連貫和詞語搭配與辨析等方面去重新考慮所選答案的準(zhǔn)確性。

四、實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練

請利用上面所介紹的完形填空的解題技巧完成以下練習(xí)。

閱讀下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后從21~30各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng), 并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A father had a family of sons who were always quarreling among themselves. When he_____21_____to end their disputes by his suggestions, he determined to give them a practical example of the wrongdoings of_____22_____; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle (捆) of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the

23_____into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it.The father then_____24_____the sticks, took the sticks one by one, and again put them into his sons hands. He asked his sons again to try and break the sticks. They broke them_____25_____. He then_____26_____them in these words: “my sons, if you are of one mind, and_____27_____to assist each other, you will be like these sticks together, _____28_____By all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are_____29_____among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as a28_____stick.”

21. A. attempted B. managed

C. failed D. meant

22. A. discourage B. disunion

C. discomfort D. disorder

23. A. bundles B. sticks

C. stonesD. bricks

24. A. placed B. hid

C. joined D. separated

25. A. easily B.hardly

C. separately D. completely

26. A. ordered B. described

C. addressed D. blamed

27. A. develop? B. advice

C. unite D. stay

28. A. unattended B. uninjured

C. unchanged D. unemployed

29. A. divided B. conformed

C. recognized D. annoyed

30. A. walkingB. single

C. weakD. tiny

Keys: CBBDA CCBAB

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青