王金蓮

〔關(guān)鍵詞〕 語法練習題;設(shè)計;重點;異同;語境

〔中圖分類號〕 G633.41〔文獻標識碼〕 C

〔文章編號〕 1004—0463(2009)10(A)—0063—01

突出重點

SEFC教材Unit1(Book 1)中的練習主要是把直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語或把間接引語變?yōu)橹苯右Z。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),許多學生在學完這一語法項目后,不能準確地把直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語或把間接引語變?yōu)橹苯右Z,尤其在人稱變化、時態(tài)變化等方面存在著問題。根據(jù)這一現(xiàn)象,筆者以改錯或單選形式重新設(shè)計語法練習題,突出了直接引語和間接引語的重點:連接代(副)詞、語序、主句和從句時態(tài)一致等。例如:

(1)The woman told us that she doesnt like Americanmovies very much.

(2)Sarahs friend asked Sarahthat she was going to mail the gifts to her parents.

(3)I asked him how often did he go to visit his hometown.

以上三個例句突出反映了直接引語變間接引語時存在的問題。例(1)主句用過去式,從句也要用相應(yīng)的過去式,所以“doesnt”應(yīng)改為didnt。例(2)主句為asked ,所以從句應(yīng)為疑問句,連接詞“that”應(yīng)改為if或whether。例(3)連接詞“how often”后應(yīng)為陳述語序,所以應(yīng)改為:I asked him how often he went to visit his home town.

另外,還可以把直接引語和間接引語練習改為單項選擇形式,讓學生直接接觸高考題型,更好地掌握這一語法項目。例如:

Peter asked Jim_______________

A. What difference it made.

B. What difference does it make.

C. What difference it makes.

D. What difference did make.

答案為A項。

這樣的語法練習題突出了直接引語變間接引語的重點:選擇正確的連接詞;從句用陳述句語序;主句和從句的時態(tài)一致。

區(qū)別異同

SEFC高一教材Book1中的Unit 4和Unit 5主要學習定語從句。定語從句的關(guān)鍵是理清關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在從句中所作的成分及各自的用法;弄清that和which的區(qū)別及限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別。但筆者認為書中定語從句的語法練習題,在區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞異同方面涉及較少,如果把定語從句語法練習題設(shè)計成側(cè)重對比that,which,when,where異同的改錯或單選練習題,能更好地幫助學生掌握定語從句。例如:

(1)I will never forget the days______________Istayed in your beautiful country.

(2)September 18,1931 is the day______________well never forget.

A. when B. in which

C. that D. for which

在例(1)中,先行詞the days 在定語從句中作時間狀語,故選A項;在例(2)中,先行詞the day 在定語從句中作forget的賓語,故選C項。

創(chuàng)設(shè)語境

SEFC教材Book1中的Unit 7、Unit 8和Unit 9的語法以被動語態(tài)為主,但筆者認為書中的被動語態(tài)練習題主要以被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法的操練為主,缺乏具體的語境和情景。所以在進行這一部分的練習時,教師應(yīng)從學生的實際出發(fā),提供一些通過具體語境來完成的練習,改變學生死記硬背語法規(guī)則的習慣。如可以讓學生做一些有具體語境的被動語態(tài)練習題:

(1)I have to go to work by taxi because my car______________at the garage.

A. will be repaired B. is repaired

C. is being repairedD. has been repaired

(2)Visitors______________nottotouch the exhibits.

A. will request B. request

C. are requesting D. are requested

句(1)的答案為C項,句(2)的答案為D項。

書中一些語法練習題的重新設(shè)計要求教師要充分挖掘教材,改進教材,靈活設(shè)計教材內(nèi)容,盡量為學生提供多樣化的練習題,從而提高語法教學的效率。