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九子連環(huán)草的化學(xué)成分研究

2010-02-11 15:06:11苑鵬飛許啟泰康文藝
中成藥 2010年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:醋酸乙酯連環(huán)波譜

苑鵬飛, 許啟泰, 康文藝,2*

(1.河南大學(xué)天然藥物研究所,河南開(kāi)封475004;2.河南大學(xué)中藥研究所,河南開(kāi)封475004)

九子連環(huán)草為蘭科蝦脊蘭屬植物蝦脊蘭Calanthe discolor Lindl.的全草或根莖,廣泛分布在南非、馬達(dá)加斯、中國(guó)、朝鮮半島、日本、喜馬拉雅到印度尼西亞、澳大利亞和南太平洋的某些島嶼,我國(guó)有50多種,長(zhǎng)江流域及南部各省區(qū)均有分布[1]。九子連環(huán)草在西南民間傳統(tǒng)用藥中具有散結(jié),解毒,活血,舒筋功效,用于治療瘰疬,扁桃體炎,痔瘡,跌打損傷等。到目前為止,該植物的研究報(bào)道絕大多數(shù)局限于栽培技術(shù)、育種、觀賞價(jià)值等方面[2-5];系統(tǒng)化學(xué)分離及藥理活性成分研究少見(jiàn)報(bào)道,已報(bào)道的化學(xué)成分為二氫菲及生物堿類化合物[6,7]。

作者對(duì)九子連環(huán)草進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化學(xué)研究,從甲醇提取物醋酸乙酯部位首次發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)三萜和3個(gè)甾醇及苷類化合物,皆為首次從該屬植物中分離得到。

1 儀器和材料

Bruker Avance-400 M型核磁共振譜儀;Agilent 6890-5975 GC-MS聯(lián)用儀;上海利穗公司EZ-中壓制備液相色譜儀;柱色譜材料為煙臺(tái)江友硅膠開(kāi)發(fā)有限公司生產(chǎn)的200~300目及硅膠H;薄層色譜材料為煙臺(tái)江友硅膠開(kāi)發(fā)有限公司生產(chǎn)的GF254硅膠板,Sephadex LH-20(瑞典Pharmacia公司),C-18(德國(guó)Merk公司)。

九子連環(huán)草于2007年7月采集于貴州省都勻地區(qū),經(jīng)貴陽(yáng)中醫(yī)學(xué)院劉凡副教授鑒定為蘭科蝦脊蘭屬蝦脊蘭Calanthe discolor Lindl.,標(biāo)本現(xiàn)存于河南大學(xué)天然藥物研究所。

2 提取和分離

九子連環(huán)草干燥全草410 g粉碎后,用甲醇室溫下冷浸3次,每次7 d?;厥占状迹瑢⒔鄳腋∮谒?,依次用醋酸乙酯和甲醇萃取,分別得到醋酸乙酯部分7.6 g,甲醇部分33 g。醋酸乙酯部分7.6 g經(jīng)過(guò)200~300目硅膠柱色譜,氯仿-甲醇梯度洗脫(100 ∶1~8∶2),以TLC檢測(cè)合并,各組分再經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)硅膠H、RP-18和Sephadex LH-20柱色譜和中壓制備柱色譜分離得到化合物1(35.0 mg),2(29.6 mg),3(59.4 mg),4(42.3 mg),5(7.5 mg),6(7.0 mg)。

3 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定

化合物1 白色粉末,EI-MS m/z:398[M]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:0.55(3H,s,H-18),0.81(3H,s,H-19),0.82(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26),0.84(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.90(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),1.02(3H,d,J=6.4Hz,H-21),4.71(1H,br,H-3),5.18(3H,m,H-7,H-22,H-23)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:37.0(C-1),30.7(C-2),76.7(C-3),39.0(C-4),40.2(C-5),31.5(C-6),117.5(C-7),139.1(C-8),49.6(C-9),34.8(C-10),21.3(C-11),39.4(C-12),43.2(C-13),55.0(C-14),22.9(C-15),28.1(C-16),55.9(C-17),12.1(C-18),14.1(C-19),40.5(C-20),21.1(C-21),135.6(C-22),131.8(C-23),42.8(C-24),33.1(C-25),17.6(C-26),19.6(C-27),19.9(C-28)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]一致,確定該化合物為麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3-醇。

化合物2 白色粉末,EI-MS m/z:426[M]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:0.80(3H,d,J=6.8Hz,H-29),0.84(6H,s,H-24,H-28),0.91(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-30),0.93(3H,s,H-25),1.01(3H,s,H-23),1.03(3H,s,H-26),1.11(3H,s,H-27),2.27(2H,m,H-2),3.52(1H,m,H-3),5.34(1H,brs,J=6.4 Hz,H-12)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:39.7(C-1),28.9(C-2),77.0(C-3),39.7(C-4),56.0(C-5),19.0(C-6),31.7(C-7),39.1(C-8),50.2(C-9),36.2(C-10),24.3(C-11),129.3(C-12),138.3(C-13),42.2(C-14),28.9(C-15),25.4(C-16),34.0(C-17),56.8(C-18),39.7(C-19),39.8(C-20),31.7(C-21),42.2(C-22),28.9(C-23),19.0(C-24),19.0(C-25),19.8(C-26),24.3(C-27),28.9(C-28),18.8(C-29),21.2(C-30)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9-10]一致,確定該化合物為α-香樹(shù)酯醇。

化合物3 白色粉末,EI-MS m/z:426[M]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:0.86(3H,d,J=6.8Hz,H-29),0.85(3H,s,H-28),0.91(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-30),0.93(3H,s,H-25),1.01(3H,s,H-23),0.78(3H,s,H-24),1.03(3H,s,H-26),1.16(3H,s,H-27),2.27(2H,m,H-2),3.52(1H,m,H-3),5.34(1H,brs,J=6.4 Hz,H-12)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:39.8(C-1),29.2(C-2),77.3(C-3),39.8(C-4),56.1(C-5),19.1(C-6),31.9(C-7),39.8(C-8),50.2(C-9),36.5(C-10),24.4(C-11),121.7(C-12),140.7(C-13),42.3(C-14),29.2(C-15),26.1(C-16),34.0(C-17),45.9(C-18),45.9(C-19),31.7(C-20),34.0(C-21),37.3(C-22),28.3(C-23),19.1(C-24),19.1(C-25),19.4(C-26),24.4(C-27),29.2(C-28),34.0(C-29),23.1(C-30)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]一致,確定該化合物為β-香樹(shù)酯醇。

化合物4 白色粉末,EI-MS m/z:412[M]+。1H-NMR(Pyr-d5,400 MHz)δ:0.65(3H,s,H-18),0.83(3H,s,H-19),0.85(3H,t,J=6.8Hz,H-29),0.87(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-26),0.91(3H,s,H-27),1.06(1H,t,J=6.2Hz,H-24),1.25(3H,d,J=8Hz,H-21),5.05(1H,dd,J=15.2Hz,8.8 Hz,H-22),5.33(1H,dd,J=15.1Hz,8.7 Hz,H-23),6.20(1H, s, H-6)。13C-NMR(Pyr-d5,100MHz)δ:37.5(C-1),32.2(C-2),71.7(C-3),42.5(C-4),140.9(C-5),122.0(C-6),32.2(C-7),32.1(C-8),50.3(C-9),36.4(C-10),21.4(C-11),39.4(C-12),42.4(C-13),56.8(C-14),24.6(C-15),29.4(C-16),56.2(C-17),12.0(C-18),19.5(C-19),40.9(C-20),19.3(C-21),138.9(C-22),129.4(C-23),51.5(C-24),32.2(C-25),21.4(C-26),21.3(C-27),25.8(C-28),12.6(C-29)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]一致,確定該化合物為豆甾-5,22(E)-二烯-3β 醇。

化合物5 白色粉末,EI-MS m/z:576[M]+。1H-NMR(Pyr-d5,400 MHz)δ:0.66(3H,s,H-29),0.95(3H,s,H-26),0.86(3H,t,J=8.4 Hz,H-27),0.98(3H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-18),0.95(3H,s,H-21),1.27(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-19),3.59(1H,s,H-3),5.37(1H,m,H-6),5.02(1H,d,J=8.8Hz,glcH-1)。13C-NMR(Pyr-d5,100 MHz)δ:37.7(C-1),30.1(C-2),78.5(C-3),39.4(C-4),141.0(C-5),122.0(C-6),32.2(C-7),32.1(C-8),50.4(C-9),37.0(C-10),21.4(C-11),40.0(C-12),42.5(C-13),56.9(C-14),24.6(C-15),28.6(C-16),56.3(C-17),12.0(C-18),19.2(C-19),37.0(C-20),19.2(C-21),34.6(C-22),26.6(C-23),46.1(C-24),29.5(C-25),19.5(C-26),20.0(C-27),23.4(C-28),12.0(C-29);Glu:102.9(1′),75.2(2′),78.5(3′),71.7(4′),78.8(5′),62.1(6′)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]一致,確定該化合物為胡蘿卜苷。

化合物6 白色粉末,EI-MS m/z:410[M]+。1H-NMR(Pyr-d5,400 MHz)δ:1.01(3H,s,H-29),0.88(3H,s,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-19),0.66(3H,s,H-18),1.27(3H,s,H-30),1.98(3H,s,H-27),2.38(3H,s,H-26),4.61(1H,dd,J=10.7 Hz,H-3),5.86(1H,t,J=5.5 Hz,H-6),5.13(1H,s,H-7),5.10(1H,t,J=7.1 Hz,H-24)。13C-NMR(Pyr-d5,100 MHz)δ:36.4(C-1),23.4(C-2),79.2(C-3),39.8(C-4),150.0(C-5),119.2(C-6),113.5(C-7),149.8(C-8),46.0(C-9),36.4(C-10),17.1(C-11),32.8(C-12),42.5(C-13),49.6(C-14),32.8(C-15),28.5(C-16),51.4(C-17),21.1(C-18),17.1(C-19),35.8(C-20),18.9(C-21),36.4(C-22),24.3(C-23),124.5(C-24),130.1(C-25),26.3(C-26),17.1(C-27),28.5(C-28),26.3(C-29),24.3(C-30)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]一致,確定該化合物為甘遂烷-5,7,24-三烯-3β-醇。

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