文/Ezio Manzini, Lara Penin,Yongqi Lou,Miaosen Gong, Carla Cipolla,Mugendi K. M'Rithaa, Andrea Mendoza, Francois Jegou, Adital Ela 譯/張 楨

DESIS國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)：可持續(xù)和社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的設(shè)計(jì)

文/Ezio Manzini, Lara Penin,Yongqi Lou,Miaosen Gong, Carla Cipolla,Mugendi K. M'Rithaa, Andrea Mendoza, Francois Jegou, Adital Ela 譯/張 楨

2010年9月7-10日，Cumulus國(guó)際設(shè)計(jì)院校聯(lián)盟大會(huì)將在上海召開，它在與DESIS國(guó)際聯(lián)盟合作的基礎(chǔ)上，將“可持續(xù)與社會(huì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)”作為會(huì)議分主題之一。9月10日，DESIS國(guó)際論壇和DESIS－國(guó)際聯(lián)盟會(huì)議將在世博會(huì)聯(lián)合國(guó)館舉行。9月12日，DESIS國(guó)際研討會(huì) “為地方發(fā)展的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)”將在江南大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院舉辦。9月13-18日，意大利米蘭理工大學(xué)與江南大學(xué)再次聯(lián)手合作組織主題為“新農(nóng)村、新城市、新生活”的食品網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)工作坊。

在九月份連續(xù)幾個(gè)以“可持續(xù)與社會(huì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)”為主題的國(guó)際論壇及工作坊即將開展的背景下，本刊編輯部約請(qǐng)了參會(huì)的Cumulus國(guó)際設(shè)計(jì)院校聯(lián)盟以及DESIS國(guó)際聯(lián)盟內(nèi)的若干重量級(jí)嘉賓，為本刊第四期“可持續(xù)與社會(huì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)”專題提供論文。本專題共8篇文章，分別從DESIS國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)介紹，以及DESIS組織在中國(guó)、法國(guó)、中東、巴西等地區(qū)推廣“可持續(xù)與社會(huì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)”的具體項(xiàng)目出發(fā)，將“可持續(xù)與社會(huì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)”從理論呼吁走向了設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐探索，對(duì)中國(guó)當(dāng)代可持續(xù)與社會(huì)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展極具啟發(fā)意義。

The DESIS Network

DESIS[1]is a network of schools of design, companies, nonpro fi t organzations, and other institutions that are interested in promoting and supporting design for social innovation and sustainability. It is a light, nonpro fi t organization, conceived as a network of partners collaborating in a peer-to-peer spirit. This international network comprises several DESIS-Local sub-networks within speci fi ed regions. DESIS-International is therefore the framework within which the di ff erent DESIS-Local networks coordinate themselves and undertake certain global initiatives.

The DESIS Vision

In the complexity of contemporary societies, it is possible to recognize promising cases of socio-technical innovation. They are at once solutions to current problems and meaningful steps toward sustainability. These cases can be found in a variety of fi elds, from the ecological reconversion of the production system to the social construction of a new welfare and from the empowerment of di ff use microenterprises to local sustainable development programs. Many of these promising cases have a common denominator: They have been conceived and implemented (mainly) by the involved actors,moving from their direct knowledge of the problem and from their own personal capabilities. That is, they are the results of successful social innovation processes.

Social innovation mobilizes di ff use social resources (in terms of creativity, skills, knowledge and entrepreneurship). For this reason,it is a major driver of change. And it could become a powerful promoter of sustainable ways of living and producing.

Given its spontaneous nature, social innovation cannot be planned.Nevertheless, the “invention” of new ways of living and producing becomes more probable when creativity and design thinking are di ff used and when there is a favorable social and institutional environment. Similarly, new promising cases last longer and are more widely replicated when they are empowered by appropriate sets of services, products, and communication tools. Favorable environments and enabling solutions are the results of articulated codesign processes in which fi nal users, local institutions, service providers, and dedicated product manufacturers are all actively involved.

With regard to social innovation and the emerging new design networks, the professional design community has a major role to play. Designers and design researchers must use their professional knowledge to empower the codesign processes— that is, to

trigger new ideas, orient the resulting initiatives, and conceive a new generation of enablingsolutions (i.e., services, products, and communications speci fi cally conceived to support them).

Design can give important contributions to social innovation,and vice versa. Social innovation can present an opportunity for a new generation of designers:Professional designers and design researcherscan work to develop and sustain new networksand feed those networks with needed design knowledge.DESIS supports social innovation worldwideand reinforces the design community’s role in it.

DESIS Aims

- Support social innovation using design skills to make promising cases more visible and e ff ective and to facilitate their replicability

-Help companies and institutions understand the promising cases’potentialities in terms of enabling services, products, and business ideas Reinforce the design community’s role in the social innovation

processes, operating both within the design community (developing dedicated design knowledge) and outside it (rede fi ning design’s perceived role and capabilities)

DESIS Activities

DESIS pursues its activities on three di ff erent levels:

- Fosters social innovation and sustainability by taking part in support projects and programs, gathering and o ff ering greater visibility to signi fi cant cases

- Promotes design for social innovation both within and outside the design community by developing appropriate design tools and organizing cultural and didactic activities

- Encourages the circulation of ideas and experiences, with a peer-topeer approach between the di ff erent DESIS-Local sub-networks, who carry out comparative research projects and co-produce courses at an international level

These activities are mainly accomplished through the coordinating initiatives of the DESIS-Local sub-networks, each of which is organized autonomously and freely. Nevertheless, some possible“standard” DESIS activities can be listed:

- Proposing and developing national and international research programs

- Organizing didactic initiatives (such as workshops, seminars, courses,and conferences)

- Preparing didactic resources (such as teaching tools, course formats,and bibliographic references)

- Collecting research information (such as promising cases, projects,and research results)

- Promoting cultural and communication initiatives (such as exhibitions, publications, and broadcasts)

EZIO MANZINI
DESIS: AN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

The emergence of the social economy[2]makes even more explicit the great pressure to develop innovations related to social demands.Innovation and design have always been more or less intertwined,and historically, this con fl uence has occurred in technology, whether in terms of new products, systems, or processes. Designers now have the opportunity to contribute to the new (social) economy. To do so, they will have to adapt their modus operandi to be in connection with social innovation dynamics and optimize their responsiveness to the new demands those dynamics generate. Thus, the community of people and institutions that is being formed with DESIS has an important contribution to make: to research, experiment with, and implement new knowledge, practices, and cultures of design for social innovation and sustainability.

DESIS’ underlying principles can be traced back to a number of previous international initiatives that have in recent years helped to establish a set of conceptual tools for promoting social innovation and sustainability. Among them, the pioneer project, EMUDE,

Emerging User Demands for Sustainable Solutions[3],explored the potential of grassroots innovation and pinpointed emerging patterns of sustainable living in Europe. The project Creative Communities for Sustainable Lifestyles (CCSL)[4]turned its geographical focus to emerging countries—in particular Brazil, India, and China—through partnerships with design schools in those three countries.One of its main fi ndings was that social innovation and collaborative creativity in everyday life can be found worldwide. Even if they are deeply rooted in speci fi c contexts, their basic principles are very similar. The same line of investigation followed with CCSL Africa[5],which involved design schools in South Africa and Kenya and then other schools around the African continent. This project focused on clarifying the particular forms that social innovation concepts might assume in various African nations, with a special focus on its emerging urban centers.

Following from these and other initiatives, DESIS as an international network has been founded in Italy and DESIS-Local sub-networks have been created, fi rst in China and Brazil and now in the United States, Colombia, Africa, Europe, India, Australia and Mid-East (see fi gure 1). Each sub-network connects primarily local design schools but also other institutions, companies, and nonpro fi t organizations around local projects, innovative teaching, and research. DESIS operates, then, in what might be called a global spirit: It is based on local sub-networks, each of which has its own story, speci fi c research agenda, and projects that re fl ect local needs. But DESIS is also in dialog with its international peers, stimulating and being stimulated by ongoing discussion in a cross-cultural forum. LARA PENIN

Figure 1: DESIS-Local Sub-networks

DESIS -China[6]

DESIS-China is a network of schools, institutions, companies and non-pro fi t organizations. It is co-founded by a group of design universities in China in collaboration with the Politecnico di Milano (Polimi), Indaco Department and it is connected with other“l(fā)ocal” DESIS in di ff erent countries, in the framework of the DESIS International Network. The founding members of DESIS-China are six best design schools in China: TsingHua University, Hunan University, Jiangnan University, Tongji University, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Among them, Tongji University is the hosting member for the secretary offi ce in founding phrase.

DESIS-China aims to actively support design initiatives and projects in the fi eld of design for social innovation and sustainability in China. That is, in the fi elds of the ecological reconversion of production and consumption systems, the social construction of services, and the balanced, distributed development of local areas.Speci fi c initiatives and projects in these fi elds can be, for example:local sustainable development programs; services for elderly people and for social cohesion; collaborative networks based on digital services and platforms, etc.

Social Innovation is a new idea, also in China. Moreover, the Chinese tradition of Civil Society is relatively weak. Nevertheless, it has been promoted and accepted widely in last years since China is in a rapid transformative age in terms of economy, culture and society, which calls for social innovation. In the fi eld of design particularly, there were intensive exchanges and collaborations between founding members and Politecnico di Milano with common interests on DESIS, like CCSL-China (with GAFA in 2007), Chita 08 (with JU in 2008) and other workshops in di ff erent universities in last years. The fi rst Kick-o ff meeting has been organized between founding members of DESIS-China and Polimi on March 08th, 2009 in Guangzhou where they agreed on the DESIS-China proposal and generate the research agenda. The fi rst collaborative project, DESIS09: Social innovation and connection, has been launched in the meeting. Since then, DESIS-China actively organized several forums, seminar and exhibitions to promote the exchange and research in this fi eld. On May 26th 2009, a DESIS forum and exhibition were co-organized by Tongji University and DESIS-China in Shanghai. It’s the fi rst public event on the issue of Design for Social Innovation in China,where the foundation of DESIS-China was announced offi cially. In last October, another DESIS forum. “Connceting the World” and exhibition “Next Design”, were organized during Shanghai Creative Industries Week, where Prof. Ezio Manzini was invited as a Keynote speaker and participate second DESIS-China founding members meeting.

In May of 2010, DESIS-China has third Founding members meeting during the Great China Creative Industries Forum in Shanghai.Promoted by founding members, DESIS initial will be also involved into the di ff erent events and activities like Shanghai Expo 2010,Cumulus Annual conference 2010 in Shanghai, Business of Design Week in Hong Kong 2010 and so on.

DESIS-China Network have been generating a strong force on design research and practice on social innovation and sustainability in China and positive impact to the international research community.After the establishment of DESIS-China network, we had to face with the issue on “China’s national circumstances”. Many hold the idea that in developed countries, when the development of material civilization comes to a high point, it’s quite reasonable for the expansion from material design to immaterial design. However, China has just begun its transformation in growth mode from “quantity” to “quality”, in addition, the entire society is still in the period of enlightenment on acknowledgement of “design” value. In this case, is it too early to talk about design on “social innovation” in China? Meanwhile, will it restrict the development of “mainstream design” to some extent to emphasize on immaterial design like “service design” etc.?

Obviously, the above questions are inevitable. There are two core issues. Firstly, is it possible to “l(fā)eapfrog”? Secondly, what’s the role of design, “to serve” or “to lead”? With the gross background of global social development, the traditional developing mode in developed countries is facing with an increasing challenge in sustainability throughout the “ fl at, hot and crowded” world. If the resources of the earth cannot bear developing countries imitating the mainstream developing mode in western countries, then “to leapfrog” is a necessary rather than merely a possibility. Then, It's no longer a problem only to be discussed at particular stage of economic development as to how design is going to be an e ff ective tool for pushing forward the innovation and sustainability of the society.Design can well be converted from being driven by market and“demand” to a more proactive “l(fā)eading” role, including promotion of new social economic mode and integration of design discipline to a new business mode, meanwhile, conductive to provide strategies for solve the social problems in a creative manner.

In recent years, the transformation of design from “physical design”to “strategic design” is getting increasingly clearer, when design discipline is facing with a new mission, new opportunity, new fi eld and new method. It makes such situation more urgent and possible than that in the western societies that China is rapidly developing and constantly changing. Once stepping out, great chances are that China will make new contributions to the “typology” of future design and social development.

We do hope that the establishment of DESIS Network in China will provide a supportive platform and network for the interdisciplinary cooperation, coordinated by "Innovative Community" as a whole by means of design . The goal is to bring the society to a more sustainable future via collaboration and interaction with other

DESIS-locals.
YONGQI LOU,MIAOSEN GONG
DESIS –Brazil[7]

DESIS-Brazil seeks to shed light on factors that could promote social innovation for sustainability in Brazil. It also seeks to establish guidelines for the design of solutions—i.e., a speci fi c set of tools,services, and skills that help each case evolve toward a more e ff ective and accessible organization and ultimately, to di ff usion on a larger scale.

The DESIS-Brazil local network began as the result of a collaboration between the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro’s COPPE Institute and Politecnico di Milano. The Brazilian university had been a partner in the international project CCSLDesex, which investigated the potential of social innovations to generate and di ff use new and more sustainable ways of living in the urban environments of Brazil, India, China, and Africa. The collaboration that began with CCSL activity continued with the workshop course DESIGN.ISDS: Design, Social Innovation, and Sustainable Development.Ezio Manzini taught the course at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) in 2007 and 2008. Manzini also published Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability: Creative Communities,Collaborative Organizations, and New Design Networks (English translation from Portuguese).9 The course was streamed online to universities all over the country. DESIS-Brazil was formed out of this second experience and its members now include some of the major Brazilian universities. In its initial phase, DESIS-Brazil consists of interested teachers and researchers in fi ve schools: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (the current host and secretary), Fluminense Federal University, S?o Paulo University, Federal University of Santa Catarina, and Federal University of Paraná. The local network has formed a steering committee, which is composed of a representative from each founding member, plus one representative from the international network. The steering committee has regular distance meetings and at least one physical meeting per year.

CARLA CIPOLLA DESIS -USA[8]

In April 2009, the White House made offi cial its new Offi ce of Social Innovation. Even if the new offi ce’s agenda is not yet clear to the public, the few signs given so far suggest an intention to increase the activity and agency of the nonpro fi t sector by directing public investments toward innovative ideas and models that can generate measurable impact.

Responding to the stimulus of the DESIS International network,a group of professors from Parsons The New School for Design,Stanford, MIT, and Politecnico di Milano gathered in New York City in May 2009 to discuss the implications of the new offi ce for design practice and education and to launch DESIS-USA.

The three founding institutions—Parsons, Stanford, and MIT—framed the initial phase of DESIS-USA as a project and developed a twelvemonth timetable for conducting a series of activities (including courses, projects, seminars, and a conference) focused on design for social innovation in the United States. At the end of this period, the group will also establish the broader DESIS-USA agenda and de fi ne its mission, goals, management system, and membership criteria.During the fi rst phase, Parsons is hosting and serving as secretary of the project.

One of the fi rst projects of DESIS-USA is“Amplifying Creative

Communities in NYC,” which was recently awarded a grant by The Rockefeller Foundation’s Cultural Innovation Fund. Project participants investigate social innovation phenomena in New York City, analyze them through diverse disciplinary perspectives, and amplify social innovation initiatives through design methods and tools. The project, led by the DESIS Lab at Parsons, will involve partnerships with local businesses and nonpro fi t organizations as well as other members of DESIS-USA and the international network. DESIS-USA’s founding members are Lara Penin, Eduardo Staszowski, and Cameron Tonkinwise

(School of Design Strategies, Parsons The New School for Design);Nidhi Srinivas (Milano The New School for Management and Urban Policy); Banny Banerjee (Design Program and Design for Change Lab at Stanford University); and Federico Casalegno (Mobile Experience and Design Laboratory at MIT). Other attendees of the kick-o ff meeting in May 2009 included Ben Lee, senior vice president for International A ff airs at The New School; Joel Towers, dean of Parsons The New School for Design; and Tim Marshall, provost of

The New School. LARA PENIN
DESIS –Africa[9]

The main objective of DESIS-Africa is to form a network of key actors in Design for Sustainability (DfS) projects and related activities in the public and private sector. The di ff usion of social innovation entails developing inspiring initiatives through the DESIS

International network, with a particular emphasis on those of special relevance to contemporary local socio-economic and geopolitical realities on the African continent. DESIS-Africa also builds upon the Creative Communities for Sustainable Lifestyles-Africa (CCSLAfrica) project, in which promising cases of social innovation were collected, documented, and disseminated.

The inaugural CCSL-Africa initiative showed that many examples of sustainable living in Africa that are relevant in contexts far removed from our continent. Additionally, there are place-speci fi c expressions of being and living that are unique to Africa, at least in their original authentic forms. The accessible and inclusive ubuntu ethos of “humanness” is one such unique ideal. Ubuntu posits that “I am because we are”—an affi rmation of the intrinsically relational character of human existence that contrasts sharply with the individualistic logic of modern liberalism. Through ubuntu,Africa invites every human being into a robust dialog of engagement and participation in the matters that a ff ect all human beings—the sustainability agenda, for example. Through DESIS-Africa, we hope to promulgate, perpetuate, and preserve the dynamic communitarian ethos of ubuntu, thereby promoting a spirit of“resilience by design.”The membership of DESIS-Africa is drawn principally from faculty members in the ever-expanding Network of African Designers(NAD). The intention is to extend DESIS-Africa to include every actor who is interested in and committed to membership. NAD was initiated by Adrienne Viljoen of the SABS Design Institute in South Africa as a peer-to-peer network with the explicit aim of “foster[ing]design and design recognition in Africa for the sustainable development of the continent and improved quality of life and economic prosperity for all.”12 The founding institutions of DESISAfrica were the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) in Cape Town, South Africa, and the University of Nairobi in Nairobi,Kenya. Other members now include Maseno University (in Kenya);the University of Botswana; Makerere University (in Uganda); the Federal University of Technology, Akure (in Nigeria); and Kwame Nkurumah University of Science and Technology (in Ghana). This fl edgling network is growing through the dissemination of the results of the CCSL-Africa project, and as more NAD members become acquainted with the relatively new concept of social innovation.Personal contact remains the most e ff ective tool for recruitment.DESIS-Africa e ff ectively came into being in July 2009 in Nairobi,Kenya, during a CCSL-Africa seminar. Present for this event were actors from academic institutions, the public sector (including various nongovernmental organizations), the private sector (both the formal as well as the pervasive informal jua kali sub-sectors),and CCSL-Africa, DESIS, and NAD members (including Adrienne Viljoen, Carla Cipolla, Daria Cantu, Ezio Manzini, Fran?ois Jégou,Lilac Osanjo, Lorraine Amollo, Norah Gitobu, and Mugendi M’Rithaa). It is anticipated that a formal launch of DESIS-Africa will be celebrated during the “Africa meets Africa” NAD Africa Design Day event in May 2010. CCSL-Africa has also been invited to mount an exhibition of promising cases collected during the project at this forum. MUGENDI M’RITHAA

DESIS-Colombia[10]

Although DESIS-Colombia shares the objectives of its partners in China, Europe, NY, Brazil, South Africa, the Middle East, Australia and India, the Colombian context is quite peculiar. Given its socioeconomic, political, cultural, and even geographical circumstances,social innovation crops up all over the country, but so far it has been disdained because “auto-organization” is merely considered as a way to struggle and make a living.

In this scenario, DESIS-Colombia, aims to reorienting, at least from the design viewpoint, the attitudes of citizens with regard to those small actions that improve people’s livelihoods and that are solid examples of more sustainable ways of being and doi????ng. We hope to accomplish this by working on, so far, two thematic clusters:urban dynamization (UD) and traditional knowledge (TK).

Urban dynamization focuses on improving the wellbeing and the mood of citizens by means of public design and interventions, drawn on the very interstice of design-art and architecture. Example of this is the work developed by esterni.org in Italy or improveeverywhere in the U.S., but re-read from our speci fi c Colombian context.

Traditional knowledge focuses on rescuing the ancient wisdom of our still alive (and kicking) indigenous families. Our main interest there is to explore how their way of communicating, talking, dialoguing can give us hints to improve communication in cities, where noise and misuses of useful tools such as mobile phones could get better.Based in Bogotá, the design department from Los Andes University has been leading the process towards the consolidation of the DESISColombia dot. Uniandes has worked jointly with the Academic Design Network RAD (Red Academica de Dise?o), a national entity that promotes excellence in the realm of design pedagogy and research. From this partnership a series of symposiums and related events plus a semester-long workshop have taken place throwing great results especially regarding students who are always surprised and pleased to see this “other side of design” beyond the artefact.We will continue working on this fi gure (RAD-DESIS workshops)with courses that focus cases gathered so far.

The consolidation of a steering committee and a DESIS headquarter Offi ce is underway, led by Freddy Zapata, director of the Design department at Uniandes, this with the input of interested teachers and students throughout the country.

Besides the academies, other organizations have shown interest in DESIS-Colombia such as the Fundación Corona (Corona

Foundation), a non pro fi t organization which, although not identifying its work as promoting “social innovation” per se, has worked in this fi eld for more than 10 years thanks to an strategic alliance with other institutions such as El Tiempo national newspaper and its social branch, Bayer Colombia, the national time bank, etc., collecting hundreds of cases in the framework of the Premio Cívico Corona (Corona’s Civic Award), an award which is granted to communities that organize themselves to improve their lives. Among the cases, one has had greatly called our attention given that it has allowed us to work on the Urban Dynamization topic indepht and also for having been an example to share with peers world wide, the case is: Sue?os Films (Dreams Films) a group of young talented fi lmmakers who have gathered to show the world that the neighbourhood in which they live in Bogotá (banned as highly dangerous) is not, and that indeed it has very positive things to share, and people interested in making culture peer their particular realities, hence they affi rm that what matters, beyond all the problems that surround them, is to bring people to the top of “Maslow”pyramid, this by o ff ering people moments of joy throughout cinema.They have pursued this dream through a fi lm festival called: Ojo Al Sancocho.

DESIS-Colombia then, has set an alliance with the Premio Civico and its partners working towards the strengthen of communitarian initiatives.

Other interested organizations although not yet engaged, have been the green party, lead by former ex-mayor Antanas Mockus,working now on public policy, citizenship culture and (in Hannah Arendt’s terms) mutual regulation, and organizations working in LatinAmerica.

DESIS-Colombia details—

Coordination: Freddy Zapata & Andrea Mendoza fzapata@uniandes.edu.co pmendoza@uniandes.edu.co andrea.mendoza@polimi.it

Websites:

http://designblog.uniandes.edu.co/blogs/DESIS

http://disenoinnovacionsocial.uniandes.edu.co/

DESIS Europe[11]

How to step forward from promising micro-experimentations to sustainable macro-transformations of places?

This topic was the core of the discussions of an original kind of meeting that brought together innovation labs, public authorities,social innovators and design schools in Malm?, this last 1st to 4th of June. These 4 days of case review and exchanges have been concluded with the launch of the DESIS Europe, a network of schools,institutions, companies and non-pro fi t organizations on Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability in Europe. DESIS Europe will operate in the framework of DESIS international: a network started in 2008 and based on similar local networks in China, Brazil, US,Columbia and soon in India and Mid-Orient.

This movement is emerging from design schools and universities that, worldwide, recognise themselves as potentially powerful agent of change. And that operate to do that exploring social innovations in order to inspire new and more sustainable solutions for daily life, and using design-based approaches to mainstream them and facilitate their deployment. Examples are many: local trading systems, active welfare services, digital platforms for exchange and mutual supports outline the emergence of new forms of neighbourhoods; community supported agricultures, food purchasing groups, urban farming and collective orchards are de fi ning new food networks; creative centres, based on di ff erent mix of cultural activities, social supports and capacity building emerge as new kinds of places where bottomup entrepreneurship and sustainable transformations are incubated.Similar social dynamic is developing in community-based tourism;alternative mobility; health care networks picturing the emergence of a sustainable lifestyle.

DESIS network aims at 1/ exploring these initiatives worldwide and collect them in a catalogue of promising practices to give them more visibility; 2/ inspire new collaborative services, shared products and enabling systems and design them to facilitate their access to a wider share of the population; 3/ promote implementation of larger programmes of urban/regional sustainable development based on multiple local projects in synergy. The launch of DESIS Europe con fi rms a large series of such activities are already going-on in Milan, Paris, Malm?, Helsinki, Lancaster – where the core launch group initiate from. But many other European design schools and universities are moving in similar way and, of course, they will be invited to join the network and take action to develop this common approach. That is to foster in Europe and worldwide design for social innovation and sustainability! FRAN?OIS JéGOU

DESIS Middle East[12]

The 7th DESIS dot was launched recently in the Middle East where the long for social innovation and sustainability comes from a genuine wish to join the grassroots movement of collaboration and enhance the common traditions and cultural wealth.

Desis Middle East (ME) operates in a challenging yet hopeful setting.Traditionally the Middle East region is characterized with unique hospitality and particularly strong Family and community ties.

Despite the common western in fl uence and the obvious political challenges, those exceptional characteristics still shine through suggesting a wealth of inspirations and study cases for design for social innovation.

We hope to learn and enrich the network with the local social innovation practices and explore new visions for the sustainable Mediterranean city under the theme of "urban dynamization". We are currently working to establish the DESIS ME network and are in search for partnering design schools in our region. We hope that Design for Social Innovation can become a bridging topic enabling collaborations and networking between students and professionals in counties that nowadays have challenging relations.

In order to launch Desis ME and create a solid invitation for possible partners from the region, we would like to hold in the next few months a regional "kick-o ff " event with international guests from the DESIS network.

In December 2010 a unique exhibition, “Sustainability in the Urban Context”, will open at the Tel Aviv City Museum (Israel) that will touch upon incorporating sustainable habits and actions in the urban context. The exhibition will feature a wide-scope glimpse into a global search towards a possible future of vibrant, condensed,participatory and collaborative cities that feature new possibilities for residents on the personal, communal and urban scales. The exhibition will present conceptual and realized projects from around the world, traditional and contemporary projects in various fi elds:design, architecture, Urban planning, social innovation art etc.

ADITAL ELA

Notes:

[1] http://www.desis-network.org/

[2] Forecasts indicate that the "social economy” will be the biggest sector of western economies in 10 years and are therefore critical to job creation. This new economy, which can be driven by the non-pro fi t sector, government, market,academia and social enterprises includes sectors such as housing, healthcare,food, education and mobility.

[3] EMUDE was funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Programme(2004 to 2006). EMUDE identi fi ed a large number of promising cases and, on this basis, developed a set of conceptual tools to deal with them, to orient policy makers and to de fi ne research and design guidelines in order to promote their consolidation and di ff usion. EMUDE was organized as a consortium of European universities and research centers and has mobilized design schools from across Europe in order to identify a collection of more than a 100 promising cases of social innovation in the continent. http://www.sustainableeveryday.net/EMUDE/?page_id=85

[4]CCSL (2006 to 2007) was part of the Task Force on Sustainable Lifestyles,within the United Nations 10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (the Marrakech Process). http://www.sustainableeveryday.net/ccsl/?page_id=4

[5] CCSLA AFRICA (2008-2009) is currently running under the United Nations’Task Force on Sustainable Lifestyles. http://www.sustainable-everyday.net/ccsla/

[6] DESIS-China coordinating team: Yongqi Lou, lou.yongqi@gmail.com and Miaosen Gong, miaosen.gong@gmail.com Website: www.desis-china.org

[7] DESIS-Brazil coordination: Carla Cipolla desis@pep.ufrj.br Website: www.ltds.ufrj.br/desis/english (DESIS group at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE)

[8] DESIS-USA coordinating team: Lara Penin peninl@newschool.edu Eduardo Staszowski staszowe@neschool.edu Cameron Tonkinwise tonkinwc@newschool.edu Website: http://desis.parsons.edu

[9] DESIS-Africa coordinating team: Mugendi M’Rithaa (South Africa)MugendiM@cput.ac.za and Norah Gitobu (Kenya) ngitobu@gmail.com

[10] DESIS-Colombia coordination: Andrea Mendoza, pmendoza@uniandes.edu.co, andrea.mendoza@polimi.it Websites: http://designblog.uniandes.edu.co/blogs/DESIS http://disenoinnovacionsocial.uniandes.edu.co/

[11] DESIS-Europe Coordination: Fran?ois Jégou, francois.jegou@solutioningdesign.net, ENSCI Les Ateliers, Paris, France / SDS Brussels, Belgium;

[12] DESIS-ME Coordination: Adital Ela, contact@aditalela.com, Faculty of Design at HIT- Holon Academic Institute of Technology, Israel.

譯文：

DESIS網(wǎng)絡(luò)

DESIS是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，由設(shè)計(jì)院校、公司、非營(yíng)利組織和其他支持促進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)作為社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的機(jī)構(gòu)組成。它是一個(gè)松散的非營(yíng)利組織，旨在在合作伙伴間建立一種對(duì)等精神的合作。

這個(gè)國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)在幾個(gè)特殊地區(qū)有DESIS—地方的次級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此DESIS—國(guó)際是主框架，同時(shí)還有不同DESIS—本土網(wǎng)絡(luò)的自身協(xié)調(diào)并開展某些全球性的活動(dòng)。

DESIS前景

在復(fù)雜的當(dāng)今社會(huì)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)一些促進(jìn)社會(huì)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的案例。它們?cè)钱?dāng)前一些問題的有效解決辦法，也是達(dá)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效步驟。從生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)恢復(fù)到一個(gè)新的社會(huì)福利創(chuàng)建；從加強(qiáng)眾多分散的微型企業(yè)到當(dāng)?shù)乜沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的項(xiàng)目，這些案例存在于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。許多有潛力的案例都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)：由相關(guān)活動(dòng)者發(fā)起和主要執(zhí)行，運(yùn)用了他們對(duì)問題的直接理解和他們的個(gè)人能力?？梢哉f，他們是社會(huì)創(chuàng)新過程的成功結(jié)果。

社會(huì)性創(chuàng)新調(diào)動(dòng)了分散的社會(huì)資源（例如創(chuàng)造力、技能、知識(shí)和企業(yè)家）。因此，這成為改變的主驅(qū)動(dòng)，同時(shí)也成為可持續(xù)生活方式和生產(chǎn)方式的有力驅(qū)動(dòng)。

基于它自發(fā)的天性，社會(huì)創(chuàng)新無法預(yù)知。盡管如此，但當(dāng)創(chuàng)造力和設(shè)計(jì)思考開始傳播，當(dāng)有一個(gè)融洽的社會(huì)和體制環(huán)境時(shí)，新的生活方式和生產(chǎn)方式的創(chuàng)新會(huì)變得極有可能。同樣，當(dāng)它們被給予恰當(dāng)?shù)姆?wù)、產(chǎn)品和交流工具時(shí)，有前途的新案例會(huì)持續(xù)發(fā)展并被廣泛復(fù)制。當(dāng)終端用戶、本土機(jī)構(gòu)、服務(wù)提供商和最終產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者都積極參與這個(gè)清晰的共同設(shè)計(jì)過程時(shí)，融洽的環(huán)境和解決方案會(huì)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

如同社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和新興設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)一樣，專業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)體扮演著更重要的角色。設(shè)計(jì)師和設(shè)計(jì)探索者必須用他們的專業(yè)知識(shí)促進(jìn)合作設(shè)計(jì)過程——即引發(fā)新想法，使有效果的新方案被熟知，構(gòu)想可行的新一代解決方案（如能支持方案的服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品和特別構(gòu)想的交流方式）。

設(shè)計(jì)能為社會(huì)創(chuàng)新做出重要貢獻(xiàn)，反之亦然。社會(huì)創(chuàng)新為新一代設(shè)計(jì)師提供機(jī)會(huì)，專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師和設(shè)計(jì)研究者能一起工作，發(fā)展和維持新合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)，也能用需要的設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)滋養(yǎng)它。DESIS支持全球的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新，并加強(qiáng)設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)的角色力量。

DESIS目標(biāo)

——社會(huì)創(chuàng)新，用設(shè)計(jì)技能讓有希望的事例更可見更有效，促進(jìn)它們的復(fù)制和推廣。

——幫助公司和組織理解有希望的事例的潛力，就服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品和商業(yè)思路而言的潛力。

——在社會(huì)創(chuàng)新過程中強(qiáng)化設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)體的角色，在設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)體內(nèi)部（發(fā)展專有的設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)）和外部（重新定義設(shè)計(jì)的固有角色和能力）同時(shí)開展。

DESIS活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目

DESIS在三個(gè)不同層面開展活動(dòng)：

——通過參與支持活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，為重要事件爭(zhēng)取并提供更高的可見度，來鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

——通過開發(fā)合適的設(shè)計(jì)工具，組織文化和教學(xué)活動(dòng)，在設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)體內(nèi)部和外部促進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)為社會(huì)創(chuàng)新服務(wù)。

——在不同的DESIS—當(dāng)?shù)氐拇渭?jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間，用對(duì)等的方式鼓勵(lì)思想和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的循環(huán)。這些次級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行著相對(duì)的研究項(xiàng)目和國(guó)際水平的合作生產(chǎn)課題。

這些活動(dòng)的完成主要通過相互協(xié)調(diào)的DESIS—地方次級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的新方案。每一個(gè)地方次級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是自主自由的。盡管如此，一些普遍的DESIS活動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也列于此：

—— 提議和發(fā)展國(guó)家層面和國(guó)際層面的研究項(xiàng)目。組織專屬的活動(dòng)（如工作坊、研究小組、教學(xué)課程和會(huì)議）

—— 組織教學(xué)活動(dòng)（如工作坊、研究小組、教學(xué)課程和會(huì)議）

—— 準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)資源（如教學(xué)工具、課程版式和參考書目）

—— 收集研究信息（如有希望的案例、項(xiàng)目和研究成果）

—— 促進(jìn)文化交流活動(dòng)（如展覽、出版物和廣播宣傳）

（DESIS國(guó)際項(xiàng)目發(fā)起人：EZIO MANZINI）

DESIS：一個(gè)國(guó)際設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)體

社會(huì)化經(jīng)濟(jì)的出現(xiàn)，使得與社會(huì)需求相關(guān)的活動(dòng)的開展承受了最直接的壓力。創(chuàng)新和設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)多多少少地緊密纏繞在一起。縱觀歷史，這種匯合已經(jīng)在科技領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)，不論是新產(chǎn)品、系統(tǒng)或是程序。現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)師有機(jī)會(huì)為新（社會(huì)）經(jīng)濟(jì)做貢獻(xiàn)。為此，他們不得不調(diào)整做法和社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的需求聯(lián)系起來，優(yōu)化不斷動(dòng)態(tài)產(chǎn)生的新需求的響應(yīng)。

因此，與DESIS 相關(guān)的人和機(jī)構(gòu)的團(tuán)體可以做出重要貢獻(xiàn)：為社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，去調(diào)研，去試驗(yàn)，去發(fā)揮設(shè)計(jì)新知識(shí)、實(shí)踐和設(shè)計(jì)文化的能量。

DESIS的隱性原則能追溯到許多原有的國(guó)際活動(dòng)。這些活動(dòng)近年來為促進(jìn)社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，幫助建立了一系列概念工具。他們中間，開創(chuàng)性的項(xiàng)目是EMUDE：“導(dǎo)向可持續(xù)解決方案的新興用戶需求”，它發(fā)掘草根創(chuàng)新需求，探討歐洲可持續(xù)生活的新興模式:“可持續(xù)生活方式的創(chuàng)造性社區(qū)”（CCSL），把地理焦點(diǎn)關(guān)注在新興國(guó)家——特別是巴西、印度、中國(guó)——與這些國(guó)家的設(shè)計(jì)院校合作。一個(gè)重要發(fā)現(xiàn)是社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和合作創(chuàng)造存在于世界各地，存在于日常生活中。即使他們深深植根于特定的語(yǔ)境中，但基本原則是相似的。CCSL-非洲的研究緊跟其后，包括南非和肯尼亞設(shè)計(jì)院校，還有其他非洲大陸的學(xué)校。研究項(xiàng)目關(guān)注分清一些特殊形式，即在各個(gè)非洲國(guó)家可能存在的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新觀念，特別關(guān)注它們新興的城市中心。

伴隨著這樣和那樣的新伙伴關(guān)系，DESIS作為一個(gè)國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)合作已經(jīng)在意大利成立，DESIS—當(dāng)?shù)卮渭?jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)也已建立，首先是在中國(guó)和巴西，現(xiàn)在在美國(guó)、哥倫比亞、非洲、印度、澳大利亞、中東（圖1）。每一個(gè)次級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系當(dāng)?shù)刂饕脑O(shè)計(jì)院校，還有與當(dāng)?shù)氐捻?xiàng)目、創(chuàng)新教學(xué)和研究相關(guān)的其他機(jī)構(gòu)、公司和非盈利組織。DESIS的工作開展有著一種全球精神：它基于當(dāng)?shù)卮渭?jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)；他們中每一個(gè)都有自己的故事；特定的研究議程，項(xiàng)目反映當(dāng)?shù)匦枨?。但是DESIS也保持著國(guó)際同伴間的對(duì)話交流，相互激勵(lì)，同時(shí)通過持續(xù)的跨文化論壇討論互相鼓勵(lì)。

（LARA PENIN）

DESIS中國(guó)

DESIS中國(guó)是一個(gè)集院校、公司、非盈利組織和其他機(jī)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，是中國(guó)的一些設(shè)計(jì)院校組織和米蘭理工合作建立的。也保持著和DESIS國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)框架內(nèi)其他不同國(guó)家的DESIS—地方次級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的聯(lián)系。DISIS中國(guó)的發(fā)起者是中國(guó)最好的六所設(shè)計(jì)院?！迦A大學(xué)、湖南大學(xué)、江南大學(xué)、同濟(jì)大學(xué)、廣州美院和香港理工大學(xué)。在初始階段，同濟(jì)大學(xué)作為主辦方和秘書處。DESIS中國(guó)旨在積極支持設(shè)計(jì)新方案和項(xiàng)目，參與中國(guó)的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。也就是在以下領(lǐng)域：生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)恢復(fù)、社會(huì)服務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)、當(dāng)?shù)氐钠胶夥植际桨l(fā)展。如本土可持續(xù)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目、為老年人和社會(huì)團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)行的服務(wù)、基于數(shù)字服務(wù)和平臺(tái)的合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)等等。

社會(huì)創(chuàng)新是個(gè)新提議，不論在中國(guó)還是在別處。因此，在過去幾年間，從中國(guó)進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)的快速轉(zhuǎn)型期開始，社會(huì)創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)被廣泛的接受和倡導(dǎo)。這些轉(zhuǎn)型要求多背景、多層面的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新。尤其在設(shè)計(jì)方面，在過去幾年，在創(chuàng)始者和米蘭理工大學(xué)還有其他不同大學(xué)的工作坊之間有了深層面的交流合作。他們都對(duì)DESIS抱有極大熱情，像CCSL中國(guó)（與2007年的GAFA一起），chita08（和2008年JU一起）。在2009年5月，來自DESIS中國(guó)的創(chuàng)始者和米蘭理工的代表人員齊聚廣州，首次會(huì)面。參與人員達(dá)成了DESIS中國(guó)的提案并開始發(fā)起了一份研究和活動(dòng)議程。第一次合作項(xiàng)目，DESIS09“社會(huì)創(chuàng)新與聯(lián)系”也在會(huì)上發(fā)起。那時(shí)起，DESIS中國(guó)積極組織各類論壇、研討會(huì)和展覽，促進(jìn)此領(lǐng)域的交流研究。在2009年5月26日，一個(gè)由同濟(jì)大學(xué)和DESIS中國(guó)發(fā)起的論壇與展覽在上海舉辦。這是第一次公開就中國(guó)的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的設(shè)計(jì)力量進(jìn)行的討論。同年10月，另一個(gè)DESIS論壇“溝通世界”和“下一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)”展覽在上海工業(yè)創(chuàng)意周上舉辦，EzioManzini受邀作為論壇主講嘉賓，并參加第二屆DESIS中國(guó)成員大會(huì)。在2010年5月，在上海舉辦的中國(guó)創(chuàng)意工業(yè)論壇上，DESIS—中國(guó)舉行了第三次成員會(huì)議。由發(fā)起院校推動(dòng)，DESIS還將參與諸多事務(wù)活動(dòng)、像2010年上海世博會(huì)、2010Cumulus上海年會(huì)和2010香港設(shè)計(jì)貿(mào)易周等。在中國(guó)的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面，DESIS中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在設(shè)計(jì)研究和實(shí)踐方面已初具規(guī)模，也對(duì)國(guó)際研究機(jī)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生了積極影響。

這個(gè)聯(lián)盟的成立伊始，就需要面對(duì)一個(gè)關(guān)乎“中國(guó)國(guó)情”的問題。有不少人持這樣的觀點(diǎn)：在西方社會(huì)的物質(zhì)文明發(fā)展到了一個(gè)非常發(fā)達(dá)的高度的時(shí)候，從物質(zhì)設(shè)計(jì)向非物質(zhì)設(shè)計(jì)的拓展順利成章。但中國(guó)剛開始從“量”的增長(zhǎng)模式向“質(zhì)”的增長(zhǎng)模式轉(zhuǎn)型，全社會(huì)對(duì)“設(shè)計(jì)”價(jià)值的認(rèn)同尚處在啟蒙時(shí)期，在這個(gè)時(shí)候談“社會(huì)創(chuàng)新”設(shè)計(jì)，是否對(duì)中國(guó)來說為時(shí)過早？同時(shí)，對(duì)“服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)”等非物質(zhì)設(shè)計(jì)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，是否會(huì)在某種程度上制約“主流設(shè)計(jì)”的發(fā)展？

這個(gè)質(zhì)疑是不容回避的。這里有二個(gè)核心問題：其一，是“跨越”是否可能？其二，是“服務(wù)”還是“引領(lǐng)”。中國(guó)的社會(huì)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在這個(gè)階段，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的傳統(tǒng)發(fā)展模式在這個(gè)“又平、又熱、又?jǐn)D”的世界里面臨了越來越大的可持續(xù)方面的挑戰(zhàn)。如果地球的資源已經(jīng)無法再承受發(fā)展中國(guó)家照搬西方主流的發(fā)展模式，那么“跨越”就不僅僅是可能，而是必須了。設(shè)計(jì)如何成為一個(gè)有效的工具推進(jìn)全社會(huì)的創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，就不僅僅是某一經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段才能討論的問題了。設(shè)計(jì)完全可以由被市場(chǎng)和“需求”驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向一個(gè)更為積極主動(dòng)的“引領(lǐng)”角色。這種“引領(lǐng)”包括為新的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式推波助瀾，也包括將設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)整合進(jìn)新的商業(yè)模式中去，同時(shí)將有助于為創(chuàng)造性地解決社會(huì)問題提供策略。近年來，設(shè)計(jì)從“物質(zhì)設(shè)計(jì)”到“戰(zhàn)略設(shè)計(jì)”的轉(zhuǎn)型已經(jīng)越來越清晰，設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)正面臨新的使命、新的機(jī)遇、新的領(lǐng)域、新的方法。中國(guó)這個(gè)快速發(fā)展且變動(dòng)不居的情境使得這種轉(zhuǎn)型比西方社會(huì)更為迫切和可能。這一步一旦走出，中國(guó)完全有可能為未來設(shè)計(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展做出新的“類型學(xué)”上的貢獻(xiàn)。

我們希望DESIS社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)聯(lián)盟（中國(guó)）的成立，可以為在中國(guó)借助設(shè)計(jì)推進(jìn)“創(chuàng)意社群”，以一種集合形式與社會(huì)各界開展跨界合作、協(xié)同創(chuàng)新提供一個(gè)支撐平臺(tái)和關(guān)聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。通過與DESIS其它分支機(jī)構(gòu)的合作和互動(dòng)，促進(jìn)整個(gè)社會(huì)往更可持續(xù)的方向發(fā)展。 （婁永琪，鞏淼森）

DESIS巴西

DESIS巴西尋求：能夠促進(jìn)巴西社會(huì)可持續(xù)創(chuàng)新的因素。也探索為設(shè)計(jì)解決方案建立指導(dǎo)原則——例如，一套特殊的工具、服務(wù)和技巧，能幫助每個(gè)案例演化成為有最大效用，最可行的組織，并最終被大范圍普及。

DESIS巴西本土網(wǎng)絡(luò)開始于一項(xiàng)在里約熱內(nèi)盧聯(lián)邦大學(xué)的COPPE學(xué)院和米蘭理工之間開展的合作。巴西大學(xué)曾是國(guó)際項(xiàng)目CCSL-Desex的參與者，此項(xiàng)目研究社會(huì)創(chuàng)新潛力的產(chǎn)生，在巴西、印度、中國(guó)的城市環(huán)境中，各類新的多樣的可持續(xù)生活方式的研究。合作開始于CCSL活動(dòng)，繼而是DESIGN.ISDS工作坊：設(shè)計(jì)，社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。EzioManzini 2007年和2008年間，在里約熱內(nèi)盧聯(lián)邦大學(xué)教授此課程。Manzini出版過《為社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展而設(shè)計(jì)：創(chuàng)意社區(qū)、合作組織和新的設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)》。（英文版翻譯自葡萄牙語(yǔ)）課程從網(wǎng)絡(luò)延伸至全國(guó)的大學(xué)。DESIS巴西的建立出于第二類經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成員已涵蓋巴西的主要大學(xué)。

在最初階段，DESIS巴西由五所院校的對(duì)此感興趣的教師和研究者組成:里約熱內(nèi)盧聯(lián)邦大學(xué)（現(xiàn)在的主辦方和秘書處）、弗盧米嫩塞聯(lián)邦大學(xué)、S?o Paulo大學(xué)、圣卡塔琳娜聯(lián)邦大學(xué)、Paraná聯(lián)邦大學(xué)。本土網(wǎng)絡(luò)已舉行了一個(gè)主導(dǎo)會(huì)議，代表來自各個(gè)創(chuàng)建成員，外加一個(gè)來自國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)的代表。主導(dǎo)會(huì)議設(shè)有定期的遠(yuǎn)程會(huì)議和至少每年一次的實(shí)體會(huì)議。

（CARLA CIPOLLA）

DESIS美國(guó)

在2009年4月，白宮建立了官方的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新辦公室。雖然新辦公室的議程沒有明確公之于眾，到現(xiàn)在少量的信息已表明其動(dòng)向，通過指導(dǎo)公眾投資，包括能夠產(chǎn)生重大影響的創(chuàng)新思想的投資，增設(shè)了一些活動(dòng)和非盈利部門機(jī)構(gòu)。

對(duì)于DESIS國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)激勵(lì)因素的回應(yīng)，一組來自Parsons設(shè)計(jì)新校，斯坦福、麻省理工和米蘭理工的教授，在2009年5月齊聚紐約，一起討論設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐和教育新辦公處的影響，并發(fā)起了DESIS美國(guó)。

三個(gè)成立機(jī)構(gòu)——Parsons、斯坦福、麻省理工——建立了DESIS美國(guó)初始階段的項(xiàng)目，為開展一系列活動(dòng)制定了一個(gè)為期12個(gè)月的日程表?；顒?dòng)包括各類課程、項(xiàng)目、研討會(huì)和一個(gè)會(huì)議，它們關(guān)注在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)社會(huì)創(chuàng)新方面的設(shè)計(jì)。在此階段末期，小組將成立較廣泛的DESIS美國(guó)議程，審議它的任務(wù)、目標(biāo)、組織體系和成員準(zhǔn)則。在第一階段，Parsons作為主辦方和活動(dòng)秘書處。

DESIS美國(guó)首批項(xiàng)目之一是“闡述紐約創(chuàng)意社區(qū)”，最近該項(xiàng)目得到了洛克菲勒基金會(huì)的文化發(fā)展基金的資助。項(xiàng)目參與者調(diào)查紐約市的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新，通過多學(xué)科的觀點(diǎn)去分析，通過設(shè)計(jì)方法和工具詳述社會(huì)創(chuàng)新方案。項(xiàng)目由在Parsons的DESIS實(shí)驗(yàn)室引領(lǐng)，也包括本土商業(yè)和非盈利組織在內(nèi)的合作方，還有DESIS美國(guó)的其他成員和國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

DESIS美國(guó)的創(chuàng)始成員是：Lara Penin, Eduardo Staszowski和Cameron Tonkinwise (Parsons設(shè)計(jì)新校，設(shè)計(jì)策略學(xué)院)；NidhiSrinivas（米蘭管理和城市政策新校）；BannyBanerjee(斯坦福的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)變更實(shí)驗(yàn)室)；FederioCasalegno(麻省理工移動(dòng)體驗(yàn)和設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室)。其他出席2009年5月初始會(huì)議的還有：Ben Lee,新校國(guó)際事務(wù)高級(jí)副總裁；Joel Towers, Parsons設(shè)計(jì)新校校長(zhǎng)；Tim Marshall,新校教務(wù)長(zhǎng)。 （LARA PENIN）

DESIS非洲

DESIS非洲的主要目標(biāo)是建立一個(gè)有關(guān)鍵活動(dòng)者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，主要為了可持續(xù)項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)和相關(guān)公共與私人領(lǐng)域的活動(dòng)。社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的廣泛傳播需要通過DESIS國(guó)際網(wǎng)，開發(fā)有激勵(lì)性的首創(chuàng)精神。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的是那些在非洲大陸上， 與當(dāng)下本土社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和地緣政治現(xiàn)實(shí)有特殊關(guān)聯(lián)的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新。DESIS非洲也建立在非洲可持續(xù)生活方式的創(chuàng)意社區(qū)項(xiàng)目（CCSL-Africa）基礎(chǔ)上，項(xiàng)目使社會(huì)創(chuàng)新案例被搜集、記錄和傳播。

現(xiàn)在CCSL-Africa創(chuàng)新方案表明，很多存在于非洲的可持續(xù)例子很有意義，它們遠(yuǎn)不止來自我們大陸。另外有特定空間生存和生活方式的表達(dá)，這些是非洲獨(dú)一無二的，至少存在于它們?cè)嫉谋普娴男问街?。易于理解的廣泛的ubuntu人道精神是獨(dú)一無二的理念。Ubuntu設(shè)想“群在故我在”——從本質(zhì)上的一種確認(rèn)，人類存在的關(guān)系特性和現(xiàn)代自由主義中的個(gè)人主義邏輯形成鮮明對(duì)比。通過ubuntu非洲使每個(gè)人進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)約定的精力十足的對(duì)話，參與到能反映全人類的事件中——可持續(xù)議題為例。通過DESIS非洲，我們希望傳播，讓人記住和維護(hù)ubuntu活力的民族精神，而因發(fā)揚(yáng)“設(shè)計(jì)適應(yīng)力”的精神。

DESIS非洲的成員原則上來自不斷擴(kuò)大的非洲設(shè)計(jì)者同盟（NAD）。目的是把DESIS非洲延伸到每個(gè)對(duì)此感興趣、也有志于此的活動(dòng)者。NAD由SABS 設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)的Adrienne Viljoen發(fā)起，機(jī)構(gòu)在南非。作為一個(gè)對(duì)等的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它目標(biāo)清晰：為了整個(gè)大陸的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，鼓勵(lì)非洲的設(shè)計(jì)和設(shè)計(jì)認(rèn)可，同時(shí)提高其生活質(zhì)量，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。DESIS非洲的成立機(jī)構(gòu)是南非開普敦的開普敦技術(shù)大學(xué)（CPUT），和肯尼亞內(nèi)羅畢的內(nèi)羅畢大學(xué)。其他的成員包括：馬賽諾大學(xué)（肯尼亞）、博茨瓦納大學(xué)、馬凱累累大學(xué)（烏干達(dá)）、阿庫(kù)雷聯(lián)邦技術(shù)大學(xué)（尼日利亞）、kwamenkurumah科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)（加納）。這個(gè)較幼小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)伴隨CCSL-Africa項(xiàng)目成功的傳播成長(zhǎng)起來，更多的NAD成員開始對(duì)社會(huì)創(chuàng)新，這個(gè)相對(duì)新的概念有所熟知。個(gè)人的社會(huì)關(guān)系仍舊是最有效的補(bǔ)充工具。

DESIS非洲在2009年7月肯尼亞的內(nèi)羅畢真正開始，在CCSL-Africa研討會(huì)期間。出席此次活動(dòng)的參與者來自學(xué)院機(jī)構(gòu)、公共部門（包括各類非政府組織）、私人部門（正式的和遍布的非正式j(luò)ua kali次級(jí)部門）、CCSL-Africa，DESIS，NAD成 員（ 包 括 AdrienneViljoen, Carla Cipolla,Daria Cantu, EzioManzini, Fran?ois Jégou, Lilac Osanjo,Lorraine Amollo, Norah Gitobu, and Mugendi M’Rithaa）。期望DESIS非洲的正式發(fā)起，能在2010年5月的 “非洲遇見非洲”的NAD非洲設(shè)計(jì)日上慶祝。CCSL-Africa已經(jīng)受邀組織開展一個(gè)有希望的案例的展覽，案例來自論壇中的項(xiàng)目。

（MUGENDI M’RITHAA）

DESIS哥倫比亞

盡管DESIS哥倫比亞與其它伙伴分享共同的目標(biāo)，相比中國(guó)、歐洲、紐約、巴西、南非、中東和印度，哥倫比亞的背景還是極特殊的。在它的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的、政治的、文化的甚至地理環(huán)境的背景下，社會(huì)創(chuàng)新在整個(gè)哥倫比亞生根發(fā)芽，但至今還受到鄙視，因?yàn)椤白詣?dòng)—組織”僅僅考慮的是生存。

這種局面下，DESIS哥倫比亞的目標(biāo)是再教育，至少在設(shè)計(jì)方面，國(guó)民對(duì)于那些小型活動(dòng)的態(tài)度，包括那些能提高人們生活的活動(dòng)，還包括生存和行為方面更能可持續(xù)存在的一些鮮明的例子。我們希望持續(xù)做下去，現(xiàn)在為止有兩大主題群：城市活力和傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)。

城市活力關(guān)注的是通過公眾設(shè)計(jì)提高國(guó)民的幸福感和情志，利用設(shè)計(jì)藝術(shù)和建筑潛移默化的去影響。其中一例就是由Esterni發(fā)起的，在意大利組織，但源于我們特殊的哥倫比亞背景。

傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)關(guān)注于保護(hù)古老的智慧，那些仍存于我們土生土長(zhǎng)的家庭中的智慧，特別是繆?？ú孔?。我們最感興趣的探索他們?cè)趺礈贤?、交流、談話，這些能給我們些許暗示來提高在城市中的交流。城市中的噪音，對(duì)可用工具的誤用，如手機(jī)就可以更好地被利用。

Bogotá為基礎(chǔ)，珞以斯安第斯大學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)部門引領(lǐng)DESIS哥倫比亞次級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的伙伴聯(lián)合。Uniandes已經(jīng)和藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)RAD（Red Academica de Dise?o）合作，RAD是在設(shè)計(jì)教育和研究領(lǐng)域推優(yōu)的一個(gè)民族獨(dú)立體。在合作伙伴間，一系列的專題討論會(huì)和相關(guān)活動(dòng)，加上一個(gè)為期一個(gè)學(xué)期的工作坊已舉行。影響波動(dòng)力巨大，特別對(duì)那些好奇、并樂于知曉設(shè)計(jì)的不同層面的學(xué)生。

我們將繼續(xù)專注于此（RAD-DESIS工作坊）和相關(guān)課程，至今還聚焦案例的課程。

一個(gè)執(zhí)行委員會(huì)和一個(gè)DESIS總辦公處正在建設(shè)中，由Freddy Zapata帶頭，F(xiàn)reddy Zapata是Uniandes設(shè)計(jì)部的主任，同時(shí)也在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)吸納了有興致的老師和學(xué)生。

除了一些學(xué)院，很多其他機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)DESIS哥倫比亞感興趣，例如有Fundación Corona (Corona Foundation)，一個(gè)私人非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)。盡管它沒有明確說明它的工作是促進(jìn)社會(huì)創(chuàng)新，然而實(shí)質(zhì)上已經(jīng)在這方面做了超過10年的工作，收集了上百個(gè)案例。這歸功于它的Premio Cívico Corona (Corona’s市民獎(jiǎng))，這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)是頒給社區(qū)的，他們自發(fā)組織起來解決問題以提升生活質(zhì)量。在這些案例中，其中有個(gè)“Suenos Films”(夢(mèng)影)的案例引起我們特別的關(guān)注。因?yàn)樗刮覀冇袡C(jī)會(huì)在城市活力這個(gè)課題上得以深入，并向同行展示案例。在這個(gè)案例中，一群年輕有為的電影工作者走到一起，向世界展示他們所生活的波哥達(dá)地區(qū)的社區(qū)（處于高度安全戒備）。雖然這些社區(qū)存在各種各樣的問題，但還有很多積極的事情和人們，他們帶動(dòng)了社會(huì)的關(guān)注，如何將人們帶到馬斯洛金字塔的上層。這些電影工作者通過電影為人們提供了愉悅。為了追求這個(gè)夢(mèng)想，他們創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)電影節(jié) “Ojo Al Sancocho”。

DESIS-哥倫比亞已經(jīng)與Premio市和相關(guān)伙伴達(dá)成了聯(lián)盟，包括全國(guó)性的報(bào)紙“Editoral El Tiempo”，Bayer哥倫比亞以及一些社區(qū)建設(shè)的組織。

其他伙伴組織還包括綠黨，在前市長(zhǎng)AnanasMockus領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，該組織在公共政策、市民文化、拉丁美洲的互利互惠條約等方面做了大量工作。 （ANDREA MENDOZA）

DESIS歐洲

怎樣才能從有希望的微型實(shí)驗(yàn)攀升為可持續(xù)的巨型實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)兀?/p>

這個(gè)話題是那類老套會(huì)議談?wù)摰暮诵?，?huì)議集中了創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)室、公眾權(quán)威、社會(huì)創(chuàng)新者和Malm?設(shè)計(jì)院校，從6月1號(hào)開到4號(hào)，四天的案例回顧和交流包含了DESIS歐洲的發(fā)起，一個(gè)學(xué)校網(wǎng)絡(luò)，各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，公司和非盈利組織，它們都與歐洲的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的設(shè)計(jì)方面相關(guān)。DESIS歐洲將在DESIS國(guó)際的框架內(nèi)運(yùn)行：從2008開始運(yùn)行，基于相似的地方次級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如中國(guó)、巴西、美國(guó)、哥倫比亞和不久后的印度和中東。

這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)由設(shè)計(jì)院校和大學(xué)發(fā)起，在世界范圍內(nèi)，他們把自己看作是最具潛力的改變力量。如此一來，為了激勵(lì)更多更新的日常生活中的可持續(xù)方式，就需要探索社會(huì)創(chuàng)新。用基本的設(shè)計(jì)方式導(dǎo)引他們，使部署更便捷。這樣的事例很多：當(dāng)?shù)氐馁Q(mào)易系統(tǒng)，積極的福利服務(wù)，交流和互相支持的數(shù)字平臺(tái)，描繪了相鄰區(qū)域面對(duì)突發(fā)事件的新方式；鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)扶持農(nóng)業(yè)，食物購(gòu)買組，城市農(nóng)業(yè)和集體果園重新定義了新型農(nóng)業(yè)模式；創(chuàng)意中心，不同的混合文化活動(dòng)，社會(huì)資助并空閑的建筑演變?yōu)樾碌赜?，自下而上的?chuàng)業(yè)者和可持續(xù)變化形勢(shì)在此孵化。同樣的社會(huì)活力在社會(huì)觀光中有發(fā)展，不尋常的遷移、健康保健模式等都描繪了一種緊迫情況下的可持續(xù)的生活方式。

DESIS網(wǎng)絡(luò)的目標(biāo)是：1、尋找世界范圍的新創(chuàng)意并收集它們，以可發(fā)展實(shí)踐的目錄進(jìn)行將其分類，使其可見。2、鼓勵(lì)新的合作服務(wù)，共享產(chǎn)品和平臺(tái)系統(tǒng)，設(shè)計(jì)它們使其被更多的人分享。3、基于配合的多個(gè)本土項(xiàng)目，促進(jìn)城市/地方可持續(xù)發(fā)展的大型項(xiàng)目的完成。關(guān)注一系列大型項(xiàng)目的DESIS歐洲的發(fā)起已經(jīng)在米蘭、巴黎、Malm?、赫爾辛基、蘭卡斯特進(jìn)行——這里都是核心組織的來源地。但許多其他歐洲設(shè)計(jì)院校和大學(xué)也做著同樣的事情，當(dāng)然，他們也會(huì)受邀參與此網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并會(huì)用實(shí)際行動(dòng)展開常用的方法。如此鼓勵(lì)了歐洲和世界范圍內(nèi)社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展！ （FRAN?OIS JéGOU）

DESIS中東

第七屆DESIS-DOT會(huì)議最近在中東舉行，中東對(duì)社會(huì)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的渴望來源于一個(gè)真誠(chéng)的愿望，就是參與基層民眾的合作活動(dòng)，提升大眾傳統(tǒng)與文化的價(jià)值。

DESIS中東（ME）在極具挑戰(zhàn)而又充滿希望的背景下展開。自古以來，中東地區(qū)被描繪成前所未有的好客、有特別堅(jiān)固的家庭和社會(huì)紐帶。除了西方的普遍影響和突出的政治挑戰(zhàn)，這些獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)仍光芒四溢，通過眾多社會(huì)創(chuàng)新方面、設(shè)計(jì)上的靈感和學(xué)習(xí)案例能看出。

通過本土的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐，通過在“urban dynamization”主題下探索地中海沿岸城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展新視角，我們希望學(xué)習(xí)并豐富這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。我們當(dāng)前正致力于建立DESIS ME網(wǎng)絡(luò)，尋找我們領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的合作設(shè)計(jì)院校。我們希望社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的設(shè)計(jì)成為一個(gè)橋接話題，促進(jìn)郡縣間內(nèi)學(xué)生和教授的合作和網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立，郡縣間已有挑戰(zhàn)這種關(guān)系。

為了發(fā)起DESIS ME，為區(qū)域的潛在合作者創(chuàng)建一個(gè)真誠(chéng)的邀請(qǐng)，接下來的幾個(gè)月，我們將和DESIS網(wǎng)絡(luò)的國(guó)際伙伴舉行區(qū)域的創(chuàng)始活動(dòng)。

在2010年11月，一個(gè)題為“城市環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展”的特殊展覽，將在特拉維夫城市博物館（以色列）舉行，這將喚醒存在于城市中的、綜合的可持續(xù)習(xí)性和行為。展覽將以最廣視角去關(guān)注一個(gè)全球研究。研究針對(duì)充滿生機(jī)的、精煉的、可參與的、合并的城市，這些城市在個(gè)人的、公共的和城市區(qū)域?yàn)槌鞘芯用裉峁┝诵碌纳顫摿ΑＵ褂[將展示：全世界的概念項(xiàng)目和實(shí)現(xiàn)的項(xiàng)目、各領(lǐng)域傳統(tǒng)和當(dāng)代的項(xiàng)目（設(shè)計(jì)、建筑、城市規(guī)劃、社會(huì)創(chuàng)新藝術(shù)等）。 （ADITAL ELA）

DESIS International Network: Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability

Ezio Manzini, Lara Penin, Yongqi Lou, Miaosen Gong, Carla Cipolla,Mugendi K. M'Rithaa, Andrea Mendoza, Francois Jegou, Adital Ela

10.3936/J.ISSN.1674-4187.2010.04.01

Ezio Manzini(Full professor, INDACO, Politecnico di Milano,Italy)Founder of DESIS-Network)

Lara Penin(Assistant professor, Parsons The New School for Design,USA)

Yongqi Lou(Professor, vice dean, School of Design and Innovation,Tongji Universtiy)

Miaosen Gong(Associate professor, School of Design, Jiangnan University)

Carla Cipolla(Associate Professor, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil)

Mugendi K. M'Rithaa(Senior lecturer, Department of Industrial Design, Cape Peninsula University of Technology,South Africa)

Andrea Mendoza(Senior Lecturer, Los Andes University in Bogotá,Colombia)

Francois Jegou(Owner, Strategic Design Scenarios sprl,Belgium,Visiting Professor, politecnico di milano,Italy)

Adital Ela(HIT- Holon Institute of Technology, Israel)

Ezio Manzini(意大利米蘭理工大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)系教授，DESIS聯(lián)盟發(fā)起人)

Lara Penin(美國(guó)帕爾森設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院 助理教授）

Yongqi Lou(同濟(jì)大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)意學(xué)院教授，副院長(zhǎng))

Miaosen Gong(江南大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院 副教授)

Carla Cipolla(巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧聯(lián)邦大學(xué)COPPE系 副教授)

Mugendi K. M'Rithaa(南非開普半島理工大學(xué)工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)系 高級(jí)講師)

Andrea Mendoza(哥倫比亞洛斯安第斯大學(xué) 高級(jí)講師)

Francois Jegou(比利時(shí)場(chǎng)景戰(zhàn)略設(shè)計(jì)公司創(chuàng)辦人，意大利米蘭理工大學(xué)客座講師)

Adital Ela(以色列霍隆理工學(xué)院)

張 楨(江南大學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院 碩士生）

Zhang Zhen(School of Design,Jiangnan University Master Student)