石獻(xiàn)斌
(湖南省花桓縣人民醫(yī)院,湖南 花桓 416400)
微量蛋白尿和冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病患者冠狀動脈病變程度的研究
石獻(xiàn)斌
(湖南省花桓縣人民醫(yī)院,湖南 花桓 416400)
目的已知糖尿?。―M)、高血壓(HT)患者的微量蛋白尿(MAB)是冠狀動脈疾?。–AD)的危險(xiǎn)因素,但是其和CAD病變程度是否相關(guān)目前還不清楚。本研究探討MAB和CAD病變的嚴(yán)重程度直接的關(guān)系。方法納入153例患者,其中男性79例,女性74例,按照冠狀動脈造影結(jié)果分為CAD組和對照組,按照冠狀動脈病變的支數(shù)和程度評價(jià)CAD的嚴(yán)重程度,比濁法測定MAB量。結(jié)果兩組之間的HT及血脂紊亂患者比例無顯著差異,CAD組患者中MAB發(fā)生率高于對照組(62.9%vs8.8%,P<0.01);且和對照組相比,CAD組不同支數(shù)MAB增加的比例分別為1支(15.3%vs7.4%,P<0.01),2支組(50%vs22.8%,P<0.05),3支組(29.2%vs19.8%,P<0.01),MAB和CAD嚴(yán)重程度明顯相關(guān)。結(jié)論CAD合并MAB患者常常有更嚴(yán)重的冠狀動脈病變。
冠狀動脈疾??;糖尿?。晃⒘康鞍啄?/p>
冠狀動脈疾?。–AD)是一種多因素疾病,已知高血壓(HT)、抽煙、糖尿?。―M)、年齡、性別等是其主要獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[1],但是其難以完全解釋和預(yù)測個(gè)體患者的患病率和病死率,因此需要尋找更多的危險(xiǎn)因素和預(yù)測指標(biāo)。有多個(gè)研究報(bào)道,在HT、CAD、及普通人群中,微量蛋白尿(MBA)和CAD的發(fā)病率及病死率相關(guān),且進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其和CAD相關(guān)獨(dú)立于DM、HT及腎功能等因素,但是其是否和CAD的嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān)還不很清楚[2,3]。本研究旨在探討非糖尿病CAD患者病變的嚴(yán)重程度是否和MAB相關(guān)。
本研究納入研究對象153例,其中男性患者79例,女性患者74例,平均(57±11)歲,所有患者接受冠狀動脈造影以明確是否患有CAD,按照冠狀動脈造影結(jié)果分為CAD組和對照組,排除近期急性心肌梗死、DM、腎功能不全、近期服用ACEI、ARB和β-受體阻滯劑的患者,以避免MAB的干擾因素。
所有患者均收集其臨床資料包括血壓、空腹血糖、年齡、是否抽煙等基線資料。MAB檢測采用比濁法測定,計(jì)算尿微量白蛋白和肌酐比值確定MAB。尿微量白蛋白和肌酐比值<30mg/g定義為尿微量白蛋白陰性,30~300mg/g為尿微量白蛋白陽性。CAD陽性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為任一單支冠狀動脈血管狹窄程度>50%,HT診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按照我國HT診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):不同日連續(xù)3次測定血壓,收縮壓≥140mmHg和(或)舒張壓≥90mmHg。
采用SPSS13.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)或t檢驗(yàn)比較兩組患者的技術(shù)資料或計(jì)量資料,以P<0.05為統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)顯著意義。
153例患者中造影證實(shí)患有CAD者有108例,造影結(jié)果陰性者有45例。在CAD患者中,17例患者為單支病變,54例患者為2支病變,37例患者有3支病變。兩組患者的平均年齡無顯著差異,HT和血脂異常的患病率兩組間亦無顯著差異,CAD組患者M(jìn)AB陽性者所占比例高于對照組,男性患者和抽煙者中CAD發(fā)生率更高,見表 1。
表1 患者的臨床資料對比
根據(jù)MAB結(jié)果將研究對象分為MBA陽性組和MBA陰性組,比較陽性組和陰性組不同冠狀動脈病變程度患者所占比例和分布,結(jié)果見表2 ,可見和對照組相比,冠狀動脈病變支數(shù)越多,患者合并MAB的比例越高,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析顯示MBA和冠狀動脈病變的嚴(yán)重程度明顯相關(guān)(r=0.40;P<0.01)。
表2 冠狀動脈病變程度不同的患者分別占MAB陰性組和陽性組的比例
本研究結(jié)果顯示,和對照組相比,MBA在CAD患者中發(fā)生率更高;在CAD多支病變患者中,MBA陽性的患者往往斑塊負(fù)荷更重,這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)和以前研究報(bào)道相一致[4-6]。目前認(rèn)為MBA提示腎小球出現(xiàn)早期而且多是可逆的損傷,一般而言,MAB和HT、DM等造成的腎功能受損相關(guān)。有研究報(bào)道,在HT患者中,MBA陽性提示患者發(fā)生心血管事件和腎功能不全的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加[7]。DM患者合并MBA者,其心血管事件發(fā)生率較MBA陰性者增加4~6倍,還有作者報(bào)道在普通人群中MBA陽性同樣和心血管事件明顯相關(guān)[8]。同時(shí),也有研究結(jié)果顯示,MBA和心血管事件的相關(guān)性獨(dú)立于HT、DM以及腎功能不全。
MBA和心血管事件相關(guān)的機(jī)制目前還不完全清楚,血管收縮-舒張功能障礙、胰島素抵抗、內(nèi)皮功能不全、炎癥及凝血機(jī)制異??赡芏寂c之相關(guān)。在CAD患者中對MBA進(jìn)行積極的干預(yù)可以改善預(yù)后,例如在血壓正常的CAD患者中,使用ARB厄貝沙坦治療MBA能顯著降低心血管事件的發(fā)生率。
綜上所述,MBA和CAD的發(fā)病及其嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān),其可以作為CAD嚴(yán)重程度的預(yù)測指標(biāo)之一,但由于MBA和CAD事件之間相關(guān)的機(jī)制還不完全明確,且本研究為橫斷面研究,MBA和CAD嚴(yán)重程度之間是否有獨(dú)立相關(guān)還需要進(jìn)一步的前瞻性研究證實(shí)。
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The Study of the Relationship Between the Microalbuminuria and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
SHI Xian-bin
(The People's Hospital of Huahuan, Huahuan 410011, China)
ObjectiveTo assess the association of microalbuminuria (MAB) with the prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods153 subjects, 79 men and 74 women, aged 45 to 70 years, were classifi ed as CAD-negative and CAD-positive according to theResultsof coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was scored on the basis of the number and the extent of lesions within the coronary arteries. Urine albumin excretion was measured in 24h urine samples by method of nephelometry.ResultsCAD occurred more frequently in males than in females and in smokers than in nonsmokers. There were no signifi cant differences in the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia between two groups. MAB was more prevalent in CAD-positive patients than in controls (62.9% vs. 8.8%,P<0.001). Patients with MAB compared with the controls had increased prevalence of one (15.3%vs.7.4%,P<0.001),two (50% vs. 22.8%,P<0.001), and three vessel disease (29.2% vs.19.8%,P<0.001). MAB exhibited a signifi cant correlation with the severity of CAD (r=0.40,P<0.001).Conclusions Patients with MAB have more severe angiographically detected CAD than those without MAB. TheResultsindicate that MAB exhibits a signifi cant association with the presence and severity of CAD.
Coronary artery disease; Diabetes mellitus; Microalbuminuria
R543.3
B
1671-8194(2011)03-0017-02