隋東江,李偉生,王蓉美,陳燕俠,王肇源,李鳳芝,李洪霞
(1.空軍總醫(yī)院干部病房東樓3區(qū),北京 100142;2.吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院中心研究室,吉林 長(zhǎng)春 130033)
轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因提高肺癌A549細(xì)胞對(duì)順鉑殺傷的敏感性
隋東江1,李偉生1,王蓉美1,陳燕俠1,王肇源1,李鳳芝1,李洪霞2*
(1.空軍總醫(yī)院干部病房東樓3區(qū),北京 100142;2.吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院中心研究室,吉林 長(zhǎng)春 130033)
目的 探討轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因?qū)樸K殺傷肺癌A549細(xì)胞敏感性的影響。方法 應(yīng)用脂質(zhì)體將GML基因穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染入肺癌A549細(xì)胞。應(yīng)用RT-PCR測(cè)定GML基因的表達(dá)。應(yīng)用MTT法測(cè)定GML基因?qū)τ贏(yíng)549生長(zhǎng)的影響,以及不同濃度順鉑對(duì)細(xì)胞的殺傷率,以此計(jì)算出順鉑殺傷細(xì)胞的IC50。結(jié)果 RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,在GML基因轉(zhuǎn)染的A549細(xì)胞有GML基因的表達(dá),而在轉(zhuǎn)染對(duì)照質(zhì)粒以及正常A549細(xì)胞未見(jiàn)GML基因的表達(dá)。轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因的A549細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)數(shù)目明顯低于未轉(zhuǎn)染組。順鉑對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因的A549細(xì)胞殺傷效率明顯高于未轉(zhuǎn)染組,轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因細(xì)胞與為未轉(zhuǎn)染基因細(xì)胞相比其IC50降低4倍。結(jié)論 轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因可以顯著提高肺癌A549細(xì)胞對(duì)順鉑的敏感性。
GML基因;A549細(xì)胞;順鉑;化療敏感性
順鉑是迄今為止治療肺癌最有效的化學(xué)藥物之一,但其治療的療效仍維持在20%~30%。因此如何提高化療藥物的治療效果是肺癌治療過(guò)程中急需解決的問(wèn)題。近幾年的一些研究表明腫瘤細(xì)胞的某些基因的表達(dá)可以影響順鉑對(duì)腫瘤治療的敏感性,因此通過(guò)提高或減少這些基因的表達(dá)可以有效提高腫瘤針對(duì)順鉑治療的敏感性[1-5]。
GML(glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchoredmoleculelikeproteingene)蛋白是由p53分子誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)的一種糖基化磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)錨定分子樣蛋白,參與細(xì)胞周期與細(xì)胞凋亡的0控[6],NaamuraY等在體外對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者的腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)行化療藥物的體外敏感性實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),高表達(dá)GML基因的腫瘤細(xì)胞具有對(duì)順鉑較高的敏感性。這說(shuō)明了GML基因的高表達(dá)可能提高肺癌細(xì)胞對(duì)于順鉑的敏感性[7]。因此本研究擬將GML基因轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)入肺癌A549細(xì)胞內(nèi),觀(guān)察導(dǎo)入的GML基因是否可以提高肺癌細(xì)胞對(duì)順鉑殺傷的敏感性,從而進(jìn)一步明確GML基因在順鉑治療肺癌中的作用,為提高順鉑治療肺癌效果提供新的方案。
人肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞株購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海生命科學(xué)院細(xì)胞所,胎牛血清購(gòu)自杭州四季青,高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基、G418均購(gòu)自Gibco公司,質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1(+),以及pcDNA3.1(+)-GML由本科室保存與構(gòu)建,轉(zhuǎn)染試劑LipfectinAmina2000購(gòu)自invitrogen公司,細(xì)胞RNA提取試劑盒與RT-PCR試劑盒均購(gòu)自北京天根公司,MTT購(gòu)自sigma公司,化療藥物順鉑購(gòu)自齊魯制藥,設(shè)計(jì)的引物由上海生工合成。
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與GML基因細(xì)胞穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染將人肺腺癌A549細(xì)胞株接種于10%FCS的DMEM培養(yǎng)液中(添加青鏈酶素的終濃度為100 U/mL),置37℃,5%CO2的培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)培養(yǎng)。用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期腫瘤細(xì)胞,吹打成單細(xì)胞懸液,以1×104/孔接種于24孔培養(yǎng)板,待細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至孔板的70%~80%時(shí)應(yīng)用Lipfectinamine2000分別進(jìn)行質(zhì)粒pcDNA3.1(+)與pcDNA3.1(+)-GML的轉(zhuǎn)染。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后按1:3傳代,用篩選培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)(400 ug/mL G418),每3~4 d換液1次,直至出現(xiàn)成團(tuán)生長(zhǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞集落。挑選單個(gè)集落,接種于6孔板中,培養(yǎng)至第10代開(kāi)始,G418濃度降半量維持,至第15-20代建立穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞株。其中轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)質(zhì)粒的A549細(xì)胞記作A549-vector,轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)-GML質(zhì)粒的A549細(xì)胞記作A549-GML,而未轉(zhuǎn)染質(zhì)粒的A549細(xì)胞記作A549。
1.2.2 RT-PCR測(cè)定GML基因的表達(dá)依據(jù)引物設(shè)計(jì)的原則,參照人β-actin基因cDNA序列設(shè)計(jì)一對(duì)引物,上游引物為5’CTCCATCCTGGCCTCGCTGT3’;下游引物:5’GCTGTCACCTTCACCGTTCC3’,PCR產(chǎn)物長(zhǎng)度為268bp。參照人GML基因的cDNA序列(NM_002066)設(shè)計(jì)一對(duì)引物,上游引物為5’ATGC GCGCTCAGTGGACTTACAG3’;下游引物為:5’CCAGCCTCACAGTTCCTTCT3’PCR產(chǎn)物長(zhǎng)度為358bp.應(yīng)用細(xì)胞RNA提取試劑盒分別提取A549、A549-vector,A549-GML細(xì)胞的總RNA,應(yīng)用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄,生成各組細(xì)胞的cDNA,以各組細(xì)胞的cDNA為模板,應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)的合成的β-actin與GML基因引物進(jìn)行PCR。應(yīng)用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳觀(guān)察PCR結(jié)果。
1.2.3 化療藥物作用培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞分別將處于對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的A549、A549-vector、A549-GML細(xì)胞以5×103/孔接種于96孔板中,常規(guī)培養(yǎng)24 h后細(xì)胞進(jìn)行換液。將作用細(xì)胞的化療藥物順鉑按照血藥峰值濃度(ppc)進(jìn)行配置,其保存濃度為血藥峰值濃度的200倍,順鉑血藥峰值濃度為3.6 ug/mL,藥物作用細(xì)胞的濃度為ppc濃度的200%,100%,50%,25%,12.5%以及6.25%。每種藥物濃度做3個(gè)平行孔。同時(shí)設(shè)定各組細(xì)胞的未加藥孔為對(duì)照孔。
1.2.4 細(xì)胞存活檢測(cè)以及藥物敏感性判定應(yīng)用MTT法測(cè)定不同時(shí)間細(xì)胞的A549、A549-vector、A549-GML細(xì)胞增殖。應(yīng)用MTT法測(cè)定順鉑作用三種細(xì)胞48 h后的細(xì)胞存活。根據(jù)測(cè)定的OD值計(jì)算化療藥物對(duì)細(xì)胞的殺傷率。計(jì)算公式為:細(xì)胞的殺傷率=(對(duì)照孔OD值-實(shí)驗(yàn)孔OD值)/對(duì)照孔OD值。應(yīng)用細(xì)胞的殺傷率與對(duì)應(yīng)的藥物濃度建立曲線(xiàn)方程,計(jì)算出化療藥物針對(duì)該細(xì)胞的IC50即使半數(shù)細(xì)胞死亡的藥物濃度。
所有數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用SPSS 10.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料采用“”表示,多組均數(shù)間的比較采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
提取A549.、A549-vector與A549-GML細(xì)胞的RNA,應(yīng)用RT-PCR分別測(cè)定GML基因在三組細(xì)胞的mRNA表達(dá)水平。凝膠電泳結(jié)果顯示:在268bp處,三組細(xì)胞都有電泳條帶,說(shuō)明三組細(xì)胞都有人β-actin基因mRNA的表達(dá)。在358bp處在A(yíng)549-GML細(xì)胞組可見(jiàn)明顯的DNA條帶,而A549與A549-vector細(xì)胞組未見(jiàn)DNA條帶,說(shuō)明只有GML基因轉(zhuǎn)染的A549細(xì)胞內(nèi)才有GML基因的表達(dá)。上述結(jié)果表明GML基因已被成功轉(zhuǎn)染入A549細(xì)胞(圖1)。
圖1 RT-PCR檢測(cè)GML基因mRNA表達(dá)的瓊脂糖凝膠電泳結(jié)果
應(yīng)用MTT法測(cè)定不同時(shí)間內(nèi)三組細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)情況。結(jié)果顯示三組細(xì)胞隨著時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),細(xì)胞數(shù)目多有所增加,但在第4天,A549-GML細(xì)胞其細(xì)胞數(shù)目增多的水平明顯低于其他兩組細(xì)胞,說(shuō)明GML基因可以抑制A549細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)(圖2)。
圖2 三組A549細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)曲線(xiàn)
應(yīng)用MTT法測(cè)定順鉑對(duì)于三組A549細(xì)胞的殺傷功能。結(jié)果顯示隨著藥物濃度的下降,對(duì)細(xì)胞的殺傷率也逐漸下降,其中A549-GML組下降幅度低于其他兩組。順鉑對(duì)于三組細(xì)胞殺傷的IC50分別為:A549細(xì)胞為41.1(%ppc),A549-VECTOR細(xì)胞為40.3(%ppc),A549-GML為11.5(%ppc)。上述結(jié)果說(shuō)明轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因明顯提高了A549細(xì)胞對(duì)于順鉑的敏感性(圖3)。
圖3 順鉑對(duì)三組細(xì)胞的殺傷率曲線(xiàn)
肺癌是嚴(yán)重威脅人類(lèi)健康與生命的惡性腫瘤,在非小細(xì)胞肺癌治療仍以手術(shù)治療為主,而術(shù)后的化學(xué)治療作為重要輔助手段。順鉑是進(jìn)行非小細(xì)胞肺癌化療的主要藥物之一。但單純藥物的應(yīng)用效果仍然有限。因此通過(guò)多種治療手段的聯(lián)合應(yīng)用以期提高肺癌治療的效果。
GML基因是一種糖基化磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)錨定分子樣蛋白,其表達(dá)受到P53基因的調(diào)控。幾個(gè)研究表明,該基因的表達(dá)與腫瘤細(xì)胞針對(duì)某些化療藥物的敏感性有關(guān)。TakashiTokino等在對(duì)GML基因生物活性研究的過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)該基因與食管癌化療藥物的敏感性相關(guān),將GML基因轉(zhuǎn)染入喉癌細(xì)胞株后,明顯提高了喉癌細(xì)胞對(duì)紫杉醇的敏感性[8-9]。HashimotoY等研究認(rèn)為GML基因在腸癌細(xì)胞系的高表達(dá)與腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物絲裂霉素與氟尿嘧啶的敏感性相關(guān)[10]。NakamuraY等在體外對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者的腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)行化療藥物的體外敏感性實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤細(xì)胞高表達(dá)GML基因的患者對(duì)順鉑具有的敏感性[7]。在這些研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本實(shí)驗(yàn)將GML基因轉(zhuǎn)染肺癌細(xì)胞株A549細(xì)胞,探討了GML基因的高表達(dá)是否能夠提高肺癌細(xì)胞對(duì)順鉑的敏感性。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因明顯降低了A549細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)的速度,說(shuō)明GML本身可以抑制A549細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng),其抑制的機(jī)制需要進(jìn)一步研究。轉(zhuǎn)染GML基因的A549細(xì)胞與未轉(zhuǎn)染的GML基因的A549細(xì)胞相比,顯著提高了對(duì)順鉑殺傷的敏感性。其IC50減少了將近4倍。通過(guò)本研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了GML基因的表達(dá)與非小細(xì)胞肺癌對(duì)于順鉑化療的敏感性具有密切關(guān)系。檢測(cè)該基因在肺癌組織內(nèi)的表達(dá)情況,可以作為判定肺癌針對(duì)順鉑化療的敏感性指標(biāo)之一。同時(shí)可將GML基因治療與化療相結(jié)合,提高肺癌治療效果。
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Transfer of GML Gene Increase the Chemosensitivity of Cisplatin to A549 Cell In Vitro
SUI Dong-jiang,LI Wei-sheng,WANG Rong-mei,CHEN Yan-xia,WANG Zhao-yuan,LI Feng-zhi,LI Hong-xia
(Air Force General Hospital,PLA,BeiJing 100142,China)
Objective To investigate the effect of GML gene on the chemosensitivity of cisplatin to A549 cell In vitro.Methods The GML gene was transfected stably into A549 cells by lipofectamin.The GML gene mRNA levels at A549 cell were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The effect of GML gene on cell growth and In vitro cytotoxicity of cisplatin at various concentrations were analyzed with MTT.IC50 of cisplatin that defined as the drug concentration required to produced 50% inhibition of cell growth was calculated for judging the chemosensitivity of drug to A549 cell.Results The RT-PCR result showed increased obviously of GML gene mRNA levels in A549 cells with transfected GML gene when compared with A549 cells without transfected GML gene.The MTT results show GML gene transfered A549 cells exhibited marked declines in proliferation when compared to the parental A549 cells.IC50 of cisplatin is also decreased four times for GML transfection A549 cells compared A549 cells.Conclusion GML gene can increase the chemosensitivity of cisplatin to A549 cells.
GML gene;A549 cells;Cisplatin;Chemosensitivity
R734.2
A
10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2011.04.007.019.03
2010-12-08
隋東江(1975-),男,長(zhǎng)春人,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事老年呼吸病研究。
*李洪霞(1972-),女,長(zhǎng)春人,副主任醫(yī)師,主要從事腫瘤分子機(jī)理研究。
馬宏宇)