辛鵬洋, 牛紅英, 渠桂榮, 楊西寧, 郭海明
(1. 河南師范大學(xué) 化學(xué)與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,河南 新鄉(xiāng) 453007; 2. 河南科技學(xué)院 化學(xué)與化工學(xué)院,河南 新鄉(xiāng) 453003)
四苯硼鈉不僅用作分析試劑[1],也是一種新型的芳基化試劑[2,3]。在傳統(tǒng)的Suzuki-Miyaura反應(yīng)中,芳基硼酸是經(jīng)典的芳基化試劑[4~6]。由于苯硼酸難溶于水,所以Suzuki-Miyaura反應(yīng)很難在水中順利進(jìn)行。近幾年,芳基氟硼酸鉀也可用作芳基化試劑,但是合成芳基氟硼酸鉀需要多步反應(yīng),而且芳基氟硼酸鉀作為芳基化試劑的Suzuki-Miyaura反應(yīng)仍然無(wú)法在水中進(jìn)行[7]。與芳基硼酸和芳基氟硼酸鉀相比,四芳基硼鈉的水溶性好,制備方法簡(jiǎn)單,且有更好的原子經(jīng)濟(jì)性。目前,關(guān)于合成四芳基硼鈉的文獻(xiàn)[2,3]較少,且制備方法復(fù)雜。因此,尋求簡(jiǎn)便,高效合成四芳基硼鈉的方法很有意義。
本文以前期工作[8~15]為基礎(chǔ),報(bào)道以鹵代芳烴(1a~1g)為原料制備芳基格氏試劑,再與硼酸三甲酯反應(yīng)后水解合成四芳基硼鈉(2a~2g, Scheme 1),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR確證。
XRC-1型顯微熔點(diǎn)儀(溫度計(jì)未校正);Bruker AV400型核磁共振儀(DMSO-d6為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo))。所用試劑均為分析純,THF使用前按常規(guī)方法干燥。
在三頸瓶中加入鎂粉1.5 g(62 mmol),幾粒碘和少量THF,抽真空并置換氮?dú)?,攪拌下緩慢滴?a~1g62 mmol的THF(15 mL)溶液(保持微沸),滴畢,轉(zhuǎn)入油浴中回流反應(yīng)1 h;冷卻至室溫,緩慢滴加硼酸三甲酯[B(OMe)3]1.42 mL的THF(5 mL)溶液(反應(yīng)放熱),滴畢,冷卻至室溫;倒入碳酸鈉水溶液(Na2CO36.25 g+水50 mL)中,攪拌30 min后用乙酸乙酯(4×50 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,旋干溶劑后用石油醚重結(jié)晶得2a~2g。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果見表1。
表 1 合成2的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果*Table 1 The experimental results of synthesizing 2
*2a~2e,白色粉末,2f,黃色粉末,2g,淡黃色粉末;2a~2gm.p.>300 ℃; 產(chǎn)率以硼酸三甲酯計(jì)算
為了使芳基格氏試劑具有較高的收率和反應(yīng)活性,在制備格氏試劑時(shí)應(yīng)嚴(yán)格實(shí)行無(wú)水無(wú)氧操作。在加入硼酸三甲酯時(shí),反應(yīng)會(huì)劇烈放熱并有少量白色固體生成,應(yīng)盡量緩慢滴加;由于硼酸三甲酯用量較少,可以用THF 5 mL加以稀釋。反應(yīng)液傾入碳酸鈉水溶液中會(huì)析出大量白色固體,此時(shí)應(yīng)劇烈攪拌30 min后直接用乙酸乙酯萃取。
本文報(bào)道合成四芳基硼鈉的方法具有反應(yīng)時(shí)間短、操作簡(jiǎn)便、產(chǎn)率較高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),為合成此類化合物找到了一條便捷的途徑。
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