陳冬梅, 孫小強(qiáng), 孫益群, 席海濤
(常州大學(xué) 化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,江蘇 常州 213164)
硫醇類分子通過(guò)巰基與金屬之間產(chǎn)生化學(xué)吸附在金屬界面上自發(fā)地形成一層穩(wěn)定且有序的自組裝單分子層[1~3]。由于其制備簡(jiǎn)單、成膜效果好、穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)及缺陷小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被廣泛地用于電化學(xué)、分子器件等領(lǐng)域[4~8]。其中,硫醇在金基底上的自組裝單分子層膜是目前最具代表性和研究最多的SAMs體系之一;又有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)由于含氮原子的化合物對(duì)金屬離子、有機(jī)或無(wú)機(jī)陰離子具有較高的選擇配位性因而被廣泛應(yīng)用于金屬離子的分離與提取及離子選擇性電極等方面[9~11]。
本文基于這兩方面的研究成果,以哌嗪和對(duì)芐氧基苯酚為原料,設(shè)計(jì)合成了具有特殊功能的含巰基的哌嗪類衍生物——4-N-{2-[4-(2-巰基乙氧基)苯氧基]乙基}-1-N-對(duì)甲苯磺酰基哌嗪(8, Scheme 1),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)NMR, IR和MS表征。
Scheme 1
XT4-100X型顯微熔點(diǎn)測(cè)定儀(溫度計(jì)未校正);Bruker ARX-500型核磁共振譜儀(CDC13為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo));Perkin-Elmer FT-IR 1730型紅外光譜儀(KBr壓片);津島GC-MS-QP 2010型氣相色譜質(zhì)譜儀;KQ-100B型超聲波清洗儀。
柱層析用硅膠H,青島海洋化工有限公司;其余所用試劑均為分析純。
(1) 1-對(duì)甲苯磺?;哙?4)的合成
在三口燒瓶中依次加入哌嗪1.5 g(17.4 mmol),二氯甲烷20 mL和三乙胺15 mL,攪拌使其完全溶解;于室溫緩慢滴加對(duì)甲苯磺酰氯(TsCl) 1.92 g(10.1 mmol)的二氯甲烷(20 mL)溶液,滴畢,反應(yīng)過(guò)夜。加水40 mL,靜置分層,有機(jī)相用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,減壓蒸除二氯甲烷,殘余物用甲醇重結(jié)晶得白色固體41.5 g,收率61.8%, m.p.150.5 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.43(s, 3H, CH3), 2.91~2.93(t,J=4.0 Hz, 4H, d-H), 2.96~2.97(d,J=5.2 Hz, 4H, c-H), 7.32~7.33(d,J=8.1 Hz, 2H, a-H), 7.63~7.64(d,J=8.3 Hz, 2H, b-H); MSm/z: 240.95{[M+1]+}。
(2) 4-芐氧基-1-(2-羥乙氧基)苯(1)的合成
在三口燒瓶中加入對(duì)芐氧基苯酚30.0 g(150 mmol)和乙醇200 mL,攪拌使其完全溶解;加熱至回流,滴加KOH 16.8 g(300 mmol)的乙醇(100 mL)溶液,滴畢,加入氯乙醇24.0 g(300 mmol),回流反應(yīng)至終點(diǎn)(TLC跟蹤)。旋蒸脫除乙醇(200 mL),加20%NaOH溶液(150 mL)析晶,抽濾,濾餅用乙醇重結(jié)晶得白色片狀晶體127.4 g,收率74.9%, m.p.100.3 ℃~101.0 ℃;1H NMRδ: 3.92~3.95(m, 2H, j-H), 4.03~4.05(t, 2H, i-H), 5.02(s, 2H, PhCH2), 6.85~6.92(m, 4H, g,h-H), 7.26~7.43(m, 5H, PhH)。
(3) 4-(2-羥乙氧基)苯酚(2)的合成
在單口燒瓶中加入1 24.4 g(100 mmol)的甲醇(500 mL)溶液,Pd/C 4.0 g,常溫常壓下通入H2,攪拌下反應(yīng)至不再吸H2。過(guò)濾,濾液旋蒸濃縮,殘余物用混合溶劑[V(丙酮) ∶V(石油醚)=1 ∶3]重結(jié)晶得淡黃色固體2 12.4 g,收率80.5%, m.p.88.5 ℃~90.2 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.01~2.03(t, 1H, j-OH), 3.93~3.96(m, 2H, j-H), 4.02~4.04(t, 2H, i-H), 4.49(s, 1H, OH), 6.76~6.83(m, 4H, g,h-H)。
(4) 2-[4-(2-溴乙氧基)苯氧基]乙醇(3)的合成
在三口燒瓶中依次加入2 15.4 g(100 mmol), 1,2-二溴乙烷56.4 g(300 mmol)和乙腈120 mL,攪拌使其完全溶解;加入K2CO3粉末27.6 g(200 mmol),于80 ℃反應(yīng)10 h。抽濾,濾液旋蒸脫除溶劑,殘余物用無(wú)水乙醇重結(jié)晶得白色固體315.5 g,收率59.4%, m.p.79.4 ℃~80.2 ℃;1H NMRδ: 1.99~2.02(t, 1H, j-OH), 3.61~3.63(t, 2H, e-H), 3.93~3.96(m, 2H, j-H), 4.03~4.05(t, 2H, i-H), 4.24~4.26(t, 2H, f-H), 6.86~6.87(d, 4H, g,h-H)。
(5) 4-N-{2-[4-(2-羥乙氧基)苯氧基]乙基}-1-N-對(duì)甲苯磺?;哙?5)的合成
在三口燒瓶中依次加入4 1.4 g(5.83 mmol), 3 1.0 g(3.83 mmol) 和乙腈60mL,攪拌使其完全溶解;加入粉末K2CO32.0 g(14.49 mmol),回流反應(yīng)至終點(diǎn)(TLC跟蹤)。過(guò)濾,濾液旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)后得黃色固體,用無(wú)水乙醇重結(jié)晶得白色固體50.9 g,收率55.9%, m.p.128.6 ℃~129.6 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.42(s, 3H, CH3), 2.65~2.67(t,J=4.6 Hz, 4H, d-H), 2.76~2.78(t,J=5.5 Hz, 2H, e-H), 3.04(s, 4H, c-H), 3.93(s, 2H, j-H), 3.97~3.99(t,J=5.5 Hz, 2H, f-H), 4.01~4.03(t,J=4.6 Hz, 2H, i-H), 6.80~6.84(m, 4H, g,h-H), 7.31~7.32(d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H, a-H), 7.62~7.64(d,J=8.1 Hz, 2H, b-H); MSm/z: 443.15{[M+23]+}。
(6) 4-N-{2-[4-(2-甲磺?;已趸?苯氧基]乙基}-1-N-對(duì)甲苯磺?;哙?6)的合成
在三口燒瓶中依次加入5 0.9 g(2.14 mmol),三乙胺10 mL和THF 15 mL,冰鹽浴冷卻至-5 ℃以下,攪拌下緩慢滴加甲磺酰氯(MsCl) 0.7 g(6.11 mmol)的THF(10 mL)溶液,滴畢,反應(yīng)至終點(diǎn)(TLC跟蹤)。加冰水10 mL,用二氯甲烷(3×10 mL)萃取,合并有機(jī)相,用無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,除去溶劑得淡黃色油狀液體,經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[洗脫劑:A=V(乙酸乙酯) ∶V(石油醚)=1 ∶1]分離得淡黃色油狀液體60.9 g,收率84.3%;1H NMR(氘代甲醇)δ: 2.44(s, 3H, CH3), 2.64~2.66(t,J=4.5 Hz, 4H, d-H), 2.75~2.77(t,J=5.3 Hz, 2H, e-H), 3.01(s, 4H, c-H), 3.11(s, 3H, OSO2CH3), 3.99~4.01(m, 2H, j-H), 4.16~4.18(m, 2H, f-H), 4.50~4.52(m, 2H, i-H), 6.80~6.90(m, 4H, g,h-H), 7.42~7.43(d,J=8.1 Hz, 2H, a-H), 7.64~7.66(d,J=8.2 Hz, 2H, b-H); MSm/z: 499.15{[M+1]+}。
(7) 4-N-{2-[4-(2-乙酰巰基乙氧基)苯氧基]乙基}-1-N-對(duì)甲苯磺酰基哌嗪(7)的合成
在單口燒瓶中依次加入6 1.2 g(2.41 mmol), 硫代乙酸鉀0.5 g(4.37 mmol)和DMF 30 mL,攪拌下于室溫過(guò)夜(TLC跟蹤)。加冰水50 mL,用無(wú)水乙醚(3×10 mL)萃取,合并乙醚層,旋除溶劑得淡黃色油狀液體,經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1 ∶2)分離得淡黃色固體7 0.7 g,收率60.8%, m.p.78.2 ℃~78.6 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.36(s, 3H, SCOCH3), 2.42(s, 3H, CH3), 2.65~2.66(d,J=4.5 Hz, 4H, d-H), 2.75~2.77(t,J=5.4 Hz, 2H, e-H), 3.04(s, 4H, c-H), 3.22~3.25(t,J=6.5 Hz, 2H, j-H), 3.96~3.98(t,J=5.5 Hz, 2H, f-H), 4.01~4.04(t,J=6.5 Hz, 2H, i-H), 6.76~6.82(m, 4H, g,h-H), 7.30~7.32(d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H, a-H), 7.62~7.64(d,J=8.2 Hz, 2H, b-H);13C NMRδ: 195.35(1C), 153.14(1C),152.75(1C),143.65(1C), 132.44(1C), 129.62(2C), 127.93(2C), 115.73(4C), 67.26(1C), 66.53(1C), 56.94(1C), 52.66(2C), 46.03(2C), 30.55(1C), 28.58(1C), 21.48(1C); MSm/z: 479.15{[M+1]+}。
(8)8的合成
在單口燒瓶中依次加入70.1 g(0.21 mmol),甲醇4 mL和氯仿6 mL,攪拌使其完全溶解,加入KOH 0.2 g(3.57 mmol),N2保護(hù),于室溫反應(yīng)至終點(diǎn)(TLC跟蹤)。加水2 mL,用氯仿(3×5 mL)萃取,合并氯仿層,旋除溶劑得淡黃色油狀液體,經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[V(丙酮) ∶V(石油醚)=1 ∶3]分離得淡黃色油狀液體860 mg,收率63.6%;1H NMRδ: 2.41(s, 3H, CH3), 2.64(s, 4H, d-H), 2.74~2.76(t,J=5.2 Hz, 2H, e-H), 2.87~2.89(t,J=6.8 Hz, 2H, j-H), 3.03(s, 4H, c-H), 3.95~3.97(t,J= 5.2 Hz, 2H, f-H), 4.05~4.11(m, 2H, i-H), 6.76~6.84(m, 4H, g,h-H), 7.30~7.32(d,J=7.9 Hz, 2H, a-H), 7.61~7.63(d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H, b-H);13C NMRδ: 153.06(1C),152.77 (1C), 143.63(1C), 132.44(1C), 129.61(2C), 127.85(2C), 115.75(4C), 68.57(1C), 66.48(1C), 56.87(1C), 52.58(2C), 45.99(2C), 27.65(1C), 21.44(1C); IRν: 2 564.6 cm-1; MSm/z: 437.15{[M +1]+}。
3的收率比較低,經(jīng)過(guò)多次探索發(fā)現(xiàn),增加1,2-二溴乙烷與2的投料比能提高收率。
合成8時(shí),由于巰基在空氣中容易被氧化,需在N2保護(hù)下反應(yīng)。起初在酸性(HCl)條件下水解,發(fā)現(xiàn)醚鍵斷了,產(chǎn)物為4-N-[2-(4-對(duì)羥基苯氧基)乙基]-1-N-對(duì)甲苯磺酰基哌嗪。改用堿性(KOH)條件水解成功地制得新化合物8。
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