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塔河油田奧陶系原油三芳甾分布及原油族群劃分

2012-01-03 09:50李美俊王鐵冠王春江張衛(wèi)彪
關(guān)鍵詞:奧陶系塔河寒武

李美俊,王鐵冠,王春江,張衛(wèi)彪

(1.中國(guó)石油大學(xué)油氣資源與探測(cè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京 102249;2.中國(guó)石油大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院,北京 102249; 3.中國(guó)石油化工股份有限公司勘探開發(fā)研究院,北京 100083)

塔河油田奧陶系原油三芳甾分布及原油族群劃分

李美俊1,2,王鐵冠1,2,王春江1,2,張衛(wèi)彪3

(1.中國(guó)石油大學(xué)油氣資源與探測(cè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京 102249;2.中國(guó)石油大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院,北京 102249; 3.中國(guó)石油化工股份有限公司勘探開發(fā)研究院,北京 100083)

根據(jù)原油和烴源巖抽提物芳烴餾分的色譜質(zhì)譜分析結(jié)果,對(duì)塔里木盆地塔河油田奧陶系原油和烴源巖有機(jī)質(zhì)三芳甾(TAS)分布特征進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明:三芳甾分布差異可以有效地劃分奧陶系原油的族群及來(lái)源;絕大多數(shù)奧陶系原油具有C2820S和C2820R相對(duì)于C2620S,C2620R+C2720S和C2720R優(yōu)勢(shì)的三芳甾分布特征,而塔河油田東部九區(qū)T904和塔東地區(qū)TD2井原油具有相反的特征;以LN46、TZ12等井為代表的中上奧陶統(tǒng)泥灰?guī)r具有類似于塔河油田奧陶系原油的三芳甾分布特征,而以KN1、TD2等井為代表的寒武系黑色泥巖具有類似于T904和TD2井原油的三芳甾分布特征;可將塔河油田奧陶系原油劃分為來(lái)自寒武系烴源巖的原油族群和來(lái)自中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源巖的原油族群兩個(gè)成因類型;判識(shí)寒武系烴源層油氣來(lái)源的三芳甾地球化學(xué)判識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為C26/C2820S>0.30,C27/C2820R TAS>0.75;中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源層油氣來(lái)源的三芳甾判識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為C26/C2820S<0.30,C27/C2820R TAS<0.30。

三芳甾;原油族群;寒武系;奧陶系;塔里木盆地

三芳甾(TAS)可能來(lái)自單芳甾(MAS)的進(jìn)一步芳構(gòu)化和脫甲基化[1-5],例如C27單芳甾可以轉(zhuǎn)化成為C26三芳甾,所以C26-C27-C28三芳甾相對(duì)含量同樣可以用來(lái)判識(shí)原油有機(jī)質(zhì)的生源構(gòu)成。但常規(guī)色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)分析得到的m/z 231質(zhì)量色譜圖上,C26R和C27S三芳甾往往共流出,所以該參數(shù)并沒(méi)有得到廣泛應(yīng)用。但應(yīng)用色譜-質(zhì)譜-質(zhì)譜(GCMS-MS)可以將C26R和C27S三芳甾分開,有研究者利用C26-C27-C28三芳甾三角圖進(jìn)行了源巖有機(jī)質(zhì)的生源構(gòu)成判識(shí),并與C27-C28-C29規(guī)則甾烷得出的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比[6]。三芳甾與規(guī)則甾烷相比,C-10和C-13位上少了一個(gè)甲基,而在C-17位上增加了一個(gè)甲基,從而對(duì)C-20位的異構(gòu)化過(guò)程產(chǎn)生空間位阻,所以三芳甾C-20異構(gòu)化成熟度參數(shù)對(duì)高成熟輕質(zhì)油或凝析原油更為有效,例如C26TAS(20S)/ (20S+20R)參數(shù)值的變化比C29甾烷的兩個(gè)成熟度參數(shù)(20S)/(20S+20R)和(ββ)/(ββ+αα)在高成熟階段對(duì)成熟度變化更敏感些[5,7]。Peterson等[5,8]利用C27/C2820R TAS和C26/C2820S TAS關(guān)系圖成功進(jìn)行了原油族群劃分。張水昌等[9-11]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),塔里木盆地寒武系來(lái)源原油的三芳甾分布中,C2620R,C2620S+C2720R和C2720S三芳甾的相對(duì)含量較高,C2820S+C2820R的含量相對(duì)較低,而中上奧陶統(tǒng)來(lái)源的原油具有相反的特征。米敬奎等[12]利用三芳甾的相對(duì)含量的變化進(jìn)行了寒武系和奧陶系來(lái)源原油的配比試驗(yàn),探討了輪南地區(qū)部分油藏寒武系油源的貢獻(xiàn),王廣利等[13]利用三芳甾的分布特征研究了有機(jī)質(zhì)沉積環(huán)境。筆者以塔里木盆地塔北隆起奧陶系油藏為例,探討三芳甾化合物在原油族群劃分和油氣成因判識(shí)中的應(yīng)用。

1 地質(zhì)概況

塔河油田位于塔里木盆地塔北隆起阿克庫(kù)勒凸起的南部,原油主要產(chǎn)自?shī)W陶系碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層,是一個(gè)地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量超過(guò)億噸級(jí)的大型海相碳酸鹽巖油藏。塔河油田主體勘探區(qū)位于輪南油田桑塔木斷裂以南,王鐵冠等[14-15]認(rèn)為塔河油田已發(fā)現(xiàn)的絕大多數(shù)奧陶系油藏,屬于同一族群,來(lái)源于中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源層。但筆者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),塔河油田個(gè)別井的原油具有不同于奧陶系原油的特征,特別是具有不同的三芳甾分布特征,本文選取該地區(qū)代表性原油樣品和寒武系、中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源巖樣品,確定其油氣成因類型和油氣來(lái)源,建立塔河油田奧陶系油藏三芳甾相對(duì)含量相關(guān)的油氣成因判識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

2 塔河油田奧陶系原油三芳甾分布

原油中的三芳甾系列存在于原油芳烴族組分中,用常規(guī)的GC-MS進(jìn)行分析,采用m/z 231即可進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。圖1為C26~C28三芳甾的分子結(jié)構(gòu),圖2為反映三芳甾組成的m/z231質(zhì)量色譜圖。

圖1 規(guī)則甾烷和三芳甾分子結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比圖Fig.1 Molecular structure of regular sterane and triaromatic steroid

塔河油田奧陶系原油都可檢測(cè)出完整的C26-C27-C28三芳甾系列。圖2中代表性原油樣品T453、S91和S86井的三芳甾分布圖顯示C2620S,C2620R+ C2720S和C2720R三芳甾三個(gè)化合物峰相對(duì)較低,而C2820S和C2820R三芳甾相對(duì)偏高,反映出C2820S和C2820R三芳甾優(yōu)勢(shì),塔河油田奧陶系絕大多數(shù)原油具有類似的特征。

在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),位于塔河油田東部九區(qū)的個(gè)別奧陶系原油三芳甾分布具有明顯不同的特征,例如T904井(圖2)奧陶系原油C2620S,C2620R+C2720S和C2720R三芳甾相對(duì)較高,而C2820S和C2820三芳甾偏低,具有C2620S,C2620R+C2720S和C2720R三芳甾優(yōu)勢(shì)。

為了更直觀地辨識(shí)這種差別,求取C27/C2820R TAS和C26/C2820STAS值,T904井原油的C26/C2820STAS為0.50,而其他奧陶系原油都低于0.30, T904井原油的C27/C2820R TAS值為0.80,而其他奧陶系原油都低于0.30。在C27/C2820R TAS-C26/ C2820S TAS相關(guān)圖上,可明顯地將兩類原油區(qū)分開。

為便于對(duì)比,分析位于塔里木盆地東部的TD2井寒武-奧陶系原油樣品,該原油被認(rèn)為是典型的寒武系來(lái)源[9-12],塔河油田T904井和TD2井具有類似的三芳甾分布特征(圖2、3),后者的C26/C2820S TAS和C27/C2820R TAS值分別為0.40和0.79,與T904井原油的參數(shù)值非常相近,表明T904井與TD2井原油屬于同一原油成因類型,應(yīng)具有相同的油氣來(lái)源。

圖2 塔里木盆地部分奧陶系原油及寒武系、中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源巖樣品三芳甾分布(m/z231)Fig.2 Distribution of triarom atic steroids(m/z231)of selected O rdovician oils and representative Cambrian and m iddle-upper Ordovician source rocks from Tarim Basin

圖3 C26/C28 20S與C27/C28 20R三芳甾比值相關(guān)圖劃分塔河油田原油類型Fig.3 C26/C28 20S versus C27/C28 20R triaromatic steroid ratios helps distinguish two petroleum fam ily in Tahe Oilfield

3 代表性源巖有機(jī)質(zhì)三芳甾分布特征及油源對(duì)比

塔里木盆地臺(tái)盆區(qū)主要發(fā)育兩套烴源層:寒武系-中下奧陶統(tǒng)和中上奧陶統(tǒng),輪南油田、塔河油田等奧陶系油藏主要來(lái)自中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源巖[9-12,14-15]。分析KN1井、TD2井和柯坪露頭區(qū)下寒武統(tǒng)玉爾吐斯組(∈1y)黑色頁(yè)巖有機(jī)質(zhì)的三芳甾的分布特征,圖2表明下寒武統(tǒng)玉爾吐斯組烴源巖的C2620S,C2620R+ C2720S和C2720R三芳甾三個(gè)化合物峰相對(duì)于C2820S和C2820R明顯偏高,C26/C2820S TAS都大于0.35,而C27/C2820R TAS值大于0.80,與TD2和T904井原油非常相近,在相關(guān)圖上聚成一類,表明TD2、T904等井的原油應(yīng)為寒武系來(lái)源。根據(jù)代表性寒武系烴源巖樣品的分析結(jié)果,筆者提出判識(shí)寒武系烴源層油氣來(lái)源的三芳甾地球化學(xué)參數(shù)判識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:C26/C2820S TAS>0.30;C27/C2820R TAS>0.75。

分析代表性中上奧陶統(tǒng)泥灰?guī)r樣品,圖2顯示LN46和TZ12井中上奧陶統(tǒng)泥灰?guī)r的三芳甾分布特征,與塔河油田大多數(shù)奧陶系油藏具有類似的分布特征,即具有相對(duì)較高的C2820S和C2820R三芳甾和相對(duì)較低的C2620S,C2620R+C2720S和C2720R三芳甾含量。在相關(guān)圖上聚成一類,表明塔河油田絕大多數(shù)奧陶系油藏為中上奧陶統(tǒng)來(lái)源。本文提出判識(shí)中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源層油氣來(lái)源的三芳甾地球化學(xué)化學(xué)判識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:C26/C2820S TAS<0.30;C27/C2820R TAS<0.30。

TZ45井為塔里木盆地塔中隆起上的一口代表性油井,在上奧陶統(tǒng)良里塔格組(6.020~6.150 km)產(chǎn)出輕質(zhì)油。該原油樣品中也檢測(cè)出完整的C26~C28三芳甾系列,即具有相對(duì)較高的C2620S,C2620R+C2720S和C2720R三芳甾含量,但略低于T904井和TD2井原油樣品,C26/C2820STAS和C27/ C2820R TAS分別為0.31和0.66。在C27/C2820RC26/C2820STAS相關(guān)圖上,介于奧陶系和寒武系成因原油類型之間。王鐵冠等[16]證實(shí),該井原油具有寒武系和奧陶系混合成因特征。

4 原油類型劃分的碳同位素證據(jù)

通常認(rèn)為,有機(jī)質(zhì)的成熟作用會(huì)引起碳同位素的分餾效應(yīng),隨成熟度增加,原油的δ13C也會(huì)升高,但由于成熟度引起的δ13C變化幅度一般不超過(guò)2‰~3‰[16]。塔河油田奧陶系原油及餾分碳同位素值偏負(fù),普遍低于-32‰,一般為-32‰~-33‰,反映出絕大多數(shù)奧陶系油藏相同的油氣成因類型(圖4)。

圖4 塔河油田奧陶系原油的餾分碳同位素值分布指紋Fig.4 Fingerprint of fraction carbon isotope com position of Ordovician crude oil in Tahe Oilfield

相對(duì)而言,T904井和TD2井原油及其餾分穩(wěn)定碳同位素值明顯偏正,TD2井原油δ13C約為-28.5‰,T904井約為-29.7‰,高出其他奧陶系原油約3‰~4‰,飽和烴、芳烴、非烴及瀝青質(zhì)等餾分碳同位素具有同樣的特征,表明T904井和TD2井具有明顯不同于其他奧陶系原油的成因類型,塔北隆起輪南油田和塔中地區(qū)寒武系來(lái)源原油也具有同樣的碳同位素組成特征[11]。

5 結(jié)論

(1)塔河油田奧陶系原油中普遍含有豐富的三芳甾,三芳甾是判識(shí)塔河油田原油成因類型的特征分子標(biāo)志物。

(2)提出判識(shí)研究區(qū)寒武系烴源層油氣來(lái)源的三芳甾地球化學(xué)參數(shù)判識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即C26/C2820STAS>0.30,C27/C2820R TAS>0.75。判識(shí)中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源層油氣來(lái)源的三芳甾地球化學(xué)化學(xué)判識(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為C26/C2820S TAS<0.30,C27/C2820R TAS<0.30。

(3)T904和TD2井原油的C2620S,C2620R+ C2720S和C2720R三芳甾的相對(duì)豐度明顯高于C2820S和C2820R三芳甾,并與TD2和KN1井寒武系黑色泥巖具有可比性;塔河油田其他奧陶系原油正好相反,具有C2820S和C2820R三芳甾優(yōu)勢(shì),并與LN46和TZ12井等中上奧陶統(tǒng)泥灰?guī)r具有可比性。塔河油田奧陶系原油可劃分為來(lái)自于寒武系烴源巖的原油族群和來(lái)自于中上奧陶統(tǒng)烴源巖的原油族群。

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Distribution of triaromatic steroids and oil fam ily classification of Ordovician oils in Tahe Oilfield

LIMei-jun1,2,WANG Tie-guan1,2,WANG Chun-jiang1,2,ZHANGWei-biao3

(1.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China; 2.College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China; 3.Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China)

Based on GC-MS analyses of aromatic fractions of oils and source rock extracts,a series of triaromatic steroids (TAS)were detected in Ordovician oils from Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.The results show that the distribution of TAS can be applied to define the oil family and origination.The contents of C2820Sand C2820R triaromatic steroids inmost of the oil samples are relatively higher than those of C2620S,C2620R+C2720Sand C2720R TAS.However the oils from the well T904 in the eastern Tahe Oilfield and well TD2 from the east part of Tarim Basin are characterized by relatively high contents of C2620S,C2620R+C2720S and C2720R derivatives.The distribution of triaromatic steroids of middle-upper Ordovician marl from the wells LN46 and TZ12 resembles that of themost Ordovician oils from Tahe Oilfield.The distribution of triaromatic steroids of typical Cambrian black shales from wells KN1 and TD2 resembles thatof oils from wells 904 and TD2.By using C26/ C2820S versus C27/C2820R triaromatic steroids plot,two genetic oil families can be easily classified:oil family derived from Cambrian and m iddle-upper Ordovician source rocks,which is also supported by bulk carbon isotopic compositions.Finally,a criterion relative to triaromatic steroidswas proposed,which can be used to classify oil families.Oilswith C26/C2820STAS>0.30 and C27/C2820R TAS>0.75 are thought to be derived from Cambrian source rocks,and oilswith C26/C2820STAS<0.30 and C27/C2820R TAS<0.30 from middle-upper Ordovician source rocks.

triaromatic steroid(TAS);oil family;Cambrian;Ordovician;Tarim Basin

TE 122.11

A

10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2012.05.004

1673-5005(2012)05-0020-05

2012-03-12

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41072101)

李美?。?972-),男(漢族),重慶人,副教授,博士,博士后,從事有機(jī)地球化學(xué)及環(huán)境化學(xué)的教學(xué)和科研工作。

(編輯 徐會(huì)永)

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