毛紹名,章懷云* ,張 盛,劉仲華,王紅兵
1中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué) 林業(yè)生物技術(shù)湖南省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,長(zhǎng)沙410004;2國(guó)家植物功能成分利用工程技術(shù)研究中心,長(zhǎng)沙410128;3同濟(jì)大學(xué)生命科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,上海200092
油桐(Vernicia fordii)為大戟科油桐屬植物,落葉性喬木,全世界共3 個(gè)種,分布于亞洲東部地區(qū),在我國(guó)有2 種,主產(chǎn)于湖南、四川、貴州等省。油桐的葉、根和種子均具有抗炎作用[1]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道目前從油桐中主要分離得到二萜、三萜及黃酮類化合物[2-5]。在從大戟科植物中尋找具有生物活性成分的研究過(guò)程中,我們對(duì)油桐的種子部位進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的化學(xué)成分研究,從中分離得到12 個(gè)單體化合物,通過(guò)1H NMR、13C NMR、EI-MS 等現(xiàn)代波譜鑒定技術(shù)以及與文獻(xiàn)化合物數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)照等方法對(duì)所分到化合物進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定,分別為12-去氧-13-棕櫚酸佛波酯(1)、白樺脂酸(2)、大戟醇(3)、α-香樹(shù)脂醇乙酸酯(4)、羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(5)、3-乙酰偽蒲公英甾醇(6)、芹菜素(7)、槲皮素(8)、木犀草素(9)、桂皮酸(10)、胡蘿卜苷(11)、β-谷甾醇(12)?;衔?,3~10 為首次從油桐中分離得到。
RDCSY-I 型熔點(diǎn)測(cè)定儀(溫度計(jì)未經(jīng)校正);核磁共振譜用Bruker AM-400 型共振儀測(cè)定,TMS 為內(nèi)標(biāo);質(zhì)譜由MAT-711 型質(zhì)譜儀測(cè)定;Sephadex LH-20 凝膠(Pharmacia 公司),100~200、200~300 目色譜硅膠和薄層色譜用硅膠H 均為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn),顯色劑為5%濃硫酸乙醇溶液和碘蒸氣。
油桐籽于2011 年10 月采自湖南湘西自治州永順縣,經(jīng)中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)林學(xué)院王承南教授鑒定,樣品編號(hào)2011-10-AS1,標(biāo)本保存于中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)林業(yè)生物技術(shù)湖南省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
油桐籽3 kg,粉碎,用95%乙醇室溫冷浸提取3次(每次4 d),合并提取液,回收溶劑得浸膏200 g。浸膏分別用石油醚,氯仿,乙酸乙酯及正丁醇萃取,得氯仿部位浸膏50 g,乙酸乙酯部位浸膏45 g。氯仿部位浸膏以等量硅膠拌樣上硅膠柱層析,用氯仿-甲醇(30∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫,合并相同流份,各組分再經(jīng)反復(fù)硅膠柱層析分離純化,得到化合物2 (8.0 mg)、4 (6.8 mg)、5 (4.7 mg)、6 (9.9 mg)、7 (6.5 mg)和12 (13.5 mg)。乙酸乙酯部位經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,用氯仿-甲醇(30∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脫,合并成分相同組分,各組分再經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20 以及反復(fù)硅膠柱層析分離純化,得到化合物1 (4.6 mg)、3 (6.0 mg)、8 (10.0 mg)、9 (7.0 mg)、10 (7.3 mg)和11(15.0 mg)。
化合物1 無(wú)色油狀物;EI-MS m/z:586[M]+;1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.55 (1H,brs,H-1),2.43/2.53 (2H,q,J = 19.0 Hz,H-5),5.65 (1H,d,J = 4.1 Hz,H-7),2.99 (1H,m,H-8),3.23 (1H,brs,H-10),1.96 (1H,m,H-11),1.51(1H,dd,J =14.2,11.0 Hz,H-12α),2.03 (1H,dd,J = 14.2,6.9 Hz,H-12β),0.80 (1H,d,J = 5.2 Hz,H-14),1.16 (3H,s,H-16),1.04 (3H,s,H-17),0.86 (3H,d,J = 6.2 Hz,H-18),1.65 (3H,d,J =1.7 Hz,H-19),3.94/4.01 (2H,ABq,J = 12.6 Hz,H-20),2.26 (2H,t,J = 7.5Hz,H-2'),1.58 (2H,m,H-3'),1.23 (20H,brs,H-4'-H-13'),1.62 (2H,m,H-14),1.24 (2H,m,H-15),0.89 (overlapping,H-16');13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:161.4 (C-1),132.9 (C-2),209.4 (C-3),73.9 (C-4),38.7(C-5),140.0 (C-6),130.5 (C-7),39.3 (C-8),76.2 (C-9),55.9 (C-10),36.4 (C-11),32.0 (C-12),63.5 (C-13),32.7 (C-14),22.8 (C-15),23.4(C-16),15.5 (C-17),18.7 (C-18),10.2 (C-19),68.4 (C-20),176.1 (C-1'),34.7 (C-2'),24.9 (C-3'),29.2-29.8 (C-4'-C-13'),32.1 (C-14'),22.9(C-15'),14.2 (C-16')。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[6],故鑒定為12-Deoxyphorbol-13-hexadecanoate。
化合物 2 白色粉末;EI-MS m/z:456[M]+;1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.76 (3H,s,H-24),0.83 (3H,s,H-25),0.94 (3H,s,H-23),0.95 (3H,s,H-26),0.98 (3H,s,H-27),1.70 (3H,s,H-30),3.21 (1H,dd,J = 11.2,5.0 Hz,H-3),4.61 (1H,br s,H-29a),4.72 (1H,br s,H-29b);13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:38.9 (C-1),28.1 (C-2),79.2 (C-3),39.0 (C-4),55.5 (C-5),18.4 (C-6),34.5 (C-7),40.9 (C-8),50.7 (C-9),37.4 (C-10),21.0 (C-11),25.6 (C-12),38.6 (C-13),42.6(C-14),30.7 (C-15),32.3 (C-16),56.5 (C-17),47.1 (C-18),49.4 (C-19),150.6 (C-20),29.8 (C-21),37.2 (C-22),28.1 (C-23),15.5 (C-24),16.2(C-25),16.3(C-26),14.8 (C-27),181.2 (C-28),109.8 (C-29),19.5 (C-30)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[7],故鑒定化合物2 為白樺脂酸。
化合物 3 白色粉末;EI-MS m/z:426[M]+;1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.08 (1H,t,J= 7.0 Hz,H-24),3.23 (1H,dd,J = 4.8,11.6 Hz,H-3),2.17 (2H,m,H-7),1.69 (3H,s,H-27),1.60(3H,s,H-26),1.00 (3H,s,H-19),0.95 (3H,s,H-28),0.87 (3H,s,H-30),0.84 (3H,d,J = 6.4 Hz,H-21),0.80 (3H,s,H-29),0.51 (3H,s,H-18);13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:35.4 (C-1),28.0 (C-2),79.2 (C-3),38.9 (C-4),51.1 (C-5),19.1 (C-6),27.8 (C-7),134.1 (C-8),133.7 (C-9),37.4(C-10),21.7 (C-11),31.0 (C-12),44.3 (C-13),50.2 (C-14),29.9 (C-15),28.3 (C-16),49.8 (C-17),15.7 (C-18),20.3 (C-19),36.0 (C-20),18.9(C-21),35.4 (C-22),24.8 (C-23),125.4 (C-24),131.0 (C-25),17.8 (C-26),25.8 (C-27),19.1 (C-28),15.8 (C-29),24.6 (C-30)。1H NMR 與13C NMR 波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[8],故鑒定為Euphol。
化合物 4 白色粉末;EI-MS m/z:468[M]+;1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.05 (3H,s,OCCH3),1.08 (3H,s,H-28),1.02 (3H,s,H-23),0.98 (3H,s,H-27),0.93 (3H,d,J = 6.1 Hz,H-29),0.88 (3H,s,H-26),0.87 (3H,s,H-24),0.80(3H,s,H-25),0.80 (3H,d,J = 6.1 Hz,H-30),5.13 (1H,t,J = 3.2 Hz,H-12),4.53 (1H,dd,J =9.6,7.6 Hz,H-3);13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:38.6 (C-1),23.5 (C-2),81.1 (C-3),37.8 (C-4),55.4 (C-5),18.4 (C-6),31.4 (C-7),40.2 (C-8),47.8 (C-9),36.9 (C-10),23.8 (C-11),124.5 (C-12),139.8 (C-13),42.2 (C-14),28.2 (C-15),26.7 (C-16),33.9 (C-17),59.2 (C-18),39.8 (C-19),39.8 (C-20),31.4 (C-21),41.7 (C-22),28.2(C-23),17.0 (C-24),15.9 (C-25),16.9 (C-26),23.4 (C-27),28.9 (C-28),17.6 (C-29),21.5 (C-30),171.2 (CH3CO),21.4 (CH3CO)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的α-香樹(shù)脂醇乙酸酯一致[9]。
化合物5 無(wú)色晶體(EtOAc);mp.217~219℃;EI-MS m/z:468 [M]+;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:4.68 (1H,brs,H-29a),4.57 (1H,brs,H-29b),4.45 (1H,dd,J = 6.2,8.5 Hz,H-3),2.03(3H,s,OAc),1.68 (3H,s,H-30),1.03 (3H,s,H-26),0.94 (3H,s,H-27),0.85 (3H,s,H-25),0.84(3H,s,H-23),0.83 (3H,s,H-24),0.79 (3H,s,H-28);13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:38.2 (C-1),23.9 (C-2),81.1 (C-3),38.2 (C-4),55.5 (C-5),18.2 (C-6),34.4 (C-7),41.0 (C-8),50.5 (C-9),37.2 (C-10),21.1 (C-11),25.3 (C-12),37.9 (C-13),42.9 (C-14),27.6 (C-15),35.7 (C-16),43.1(C-17),48.2 (C-18),48.4 (C-19),151.1 (C-20),29.9 (C-21),40.1 (C-22),28.1 (C-23),16.6 (C-24),16.3 (C-25),16.1 (C-26),14.7 (C-27),18.1(C-28 ),109.5 (C-29 ),19.4 (C-30 ),21.5(CH3CO),171.2 (CH3CO)。其理化性質(zhì)和波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的羽扇豆醇乙酸酯一致[10]。
化合物6 白色片狀結(jié)晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯);mp.213~215 ℃;EI-MS m/z:468 [M]+;1H NMR(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.80,0.82,0,82,0.84,0.91,0.99,1.01 (each 3H,s,CH3),2.01 (3H,s,CH3CO),4.61 (1H,m),5.27 (1H,m);13C NMR(100 MHz,CDC13)δ:38.6 (C-1),23.8 (C-2),81.1 (C-3),37.2 (C-4),55.5 (C-5),18.4 (C-6),34.3 (C-7),41.2 (C-8),50.5 (C-9),37.2 (C-10),21.7 (C-11),27.2 (C-12),39.4 (C-13),42.3(C-14),27.7 (C-15),36.5 (C-16),34.5 (C-17),48.8 (C-18),42.5 (C-19),139.9 (C-20),119.0(C-21),36.8 (C-22),28.1 (C-23),16.5 (C-24),16.2 (C-25),16.7 (C-26),14.8 (C-27),21.7 (C-28),17.8 (C-29),22.7 (C-30),21.5 (CH3CO),171.2 (CH3CO)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的3-乙酰偽蒲公英甾醇基本一致[11]。
化合物7 黃色粉末;EI-MS m/z:270[M]-;1H NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:7.92 (2H,d,J = 8.7 Hz,H-2',6'),6.93 (2H,d,J = 8.7 Hz,H-3',5'),6.19 (1H,d,J = 1.8 Hz,H-6),6.48 (1H,d,J =1.8 Hz,H-8),6.76 (1H,s,H-3);13C NMR (DMSOd6,100 MHz)δ:164.1 (C-2),102.8 (C-3),181.7(C-4),161.1 (C-5),98.8 (C-6),163.7 (C-7),93.9 (C-8),157.3 (C-9),103.7 (C-10),121.2 (C-1'),128.4 (C-2',6'),115.9 (C-3',5'),161.4 (C-4')。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[12],故鑒定化合物7 為芹菜素。
化合物 8 黃色粉末;EI-MS m/z:302[M]+;1H NMR (DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:6.19 (1H,d,J = 1.8 Hz,H-6),6.41 (1H,d,J = 1.8 Hz,H-8),7.68 (1H,d,J = 2.1 Hz,H-2'),6.89 (1H,d,J= 8.5 Hz,H-5'),7.55 (1H,dd,J = 2.1,8.5 Hz,H-6');13C NMR (DMSO-d6,100 MHz)δ:145.7 (C-2),135.7 (C-3),175.9 (C-4),160.7 (C-5),98.2(C-6),163.9 (C-7),93.4 (C-8),156.2 (C-9),103.0 (C-10),122.0 (C-1'),115.1 (C-2'),145.1(C-3'),147.7(C-4'),115.6 (C-5'),121.5 (C-6')。1H NMR 和13C NMR 數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[13],故鑒定化合物8 為槲皮素。
化合物 9 黃色粉末;EI-MS m/z:286[M]+;1H NMR (CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:6.24 (1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-6),6.43 (1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-8),6.91 (1H,d,J = 8.5 Hz,H-5'),7.31-7.42 (2H,m,H-2',6');13C NMR (CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:165.9(C-2),103.8 (C-3),183.8 (C-4),163.1 (C-5),100.1 (C-6),166.2 (C-7),94.9 (C-8),159.3 (C-9),105.3 (C-10),120.3 (C-1'),114.1 (C-2'),146.9 (C-3'),150.9 (C-4'),116.7 (C-5'),123.7(C-6')。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[14],故鑒定化合物9 為木犀草素。
化合物 10 白色粉末;ESI-MS m/z:256[M]+;1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.80 (1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-2),7.58 (2H,m,H-5,9),7.41(3H,m,H-6,7,8),6.49 (1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-3);13C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:172.2 (C-1),134.0 (C-2),130.8 (C-3),147.3 (C-4),129.1 (C-5),128.5 (C-6),117.4 (C-7),128.5 (C-8),129.1(C-9)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道基本一致[15],故鑒定化合物10 為桂皮酸。
化合物11 白色粉末(95%乙醇);mp 278~280 ℃。與對(duì)照品共薄層,Rf 值相同,混合熔點(diǎn)不下降。由此鑒定化合物為胡蘿卜苷。
化合物12 白色針晶(CHCl3);mp 138~139℃。與對(duì)照品共薄層,Rf值相同,混合熔點(diǎn)不下降。由此鑒定化合物為β-谷甾醇。
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