趙雅寧,王紅陽,郭 霞,李 琳,韓曉慶,張盼盼
(1.河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)院,河北 唐山063000;2.河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院,河北 唐山063000)
不同程度間歇性低氧大鼠海馬區(qū)磷酸化JNK的表達(dá)及其意義
趙雅寧1,王紅陽2,郭 霞2,李 琳2,韓曉慶2,張盼盼2
(1.河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)院,河北 唐山063000;2.河北聯(lián)合大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院,河北 唐山063000)
目的:探討不同程度間歇性低氧大鼠海馬區(qū)磷酸化JNK表達(dá)水平變化,闡明低氧大鼠認(rèn)知功能障礙的發(fā)生機(jī)制。方法:96只雄性SD大鼠隨機(jī)分成對(duì)照組和輕、中、重度間歇低氧組,每組24只。對(duì)照組大鼠暴露于空氣中,不同程度間歇低氧組大鼠分別暴露于不同低氧條件(100、75和50 m L·L-1,暴露時(shí)間每天8 h,持續(xù)8周)。采用Western blotting和免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測大鼠海馬區(qū)磷酸化JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平;采用原位缺口末端標(biāo)記(TUNEL)法檢測各組大鼠凋亡細(xì)胞數(shù)量;采用Morris水迷宮法檢測各組大鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能。結(jié)果:與對(duì)照組比較,隨低氧時(shí)間的延長,輕、中、重度間歇性低氧組大鼠海馬區(qū)磷酸化JNK陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)和JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平均增加(P<0.05),TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞增多(P<0.05);水迷宮法檢測,輕、中、重度間歇性低氧組大鼠逃避潛伏期時(shí)間延長和穿臺(tái)次數(shù)減少(P<0.05)。與輕、中度間歇性低氧組比較,在重度間歇性低氧組TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)增多,JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平和大鼠逃避潛伏期延長,穿臺(tái)次數(shù)減少(P<0.05);輕、中度間歇性低氧組磷酸化JNK表達(dá)水平和TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞6周時(shí)達(dá)高峰,8周時(shí)降低,但組間各時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);重度間歇性低氧組磷酸化JNK表達(dá)水平和TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞8周時(shí)達(dá)高峰,組間各時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:不同程度間歇性低氧可導(dǎo)致大鼠認(rèn)知功能損傷,其機(jī)制與激活大鼠海馬區(qū)JNK、調(diào)控神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡有關(guān)。
有絲分裂原活化蛋白激酶;細(xì)胞凋亡;免疫組織化學(xué);免疫印跡法;大鼠,SD;間歇性低氧
c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)是有絲分裂原活化 蛋 白 激 酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)家族重要組成成員,活化后經(jīng)多級(jí)激酶的級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng)將細(xì)胞外刺激信號(hào)向細(xì)胞內(nèi)傳遞至細(xì)胞核,激活下游的激酶或多種轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,從而參與細(xì)胞各種生物化學(xué)反應(yīng)。現(xiàn)已證實(shí)JNK信號(hào)活化在多種疾病,如動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、腦卒中和神經(jīng)退行性疾病等病理過程中起關(guān)鍵作用[1]。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣 綜 合 征(obstructive sleep ap1neahypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)是反復(fù)發(fā)生的低氧/再復(fù)氧為特征的慢性睡眠呼吸疾患,流行病學(xué)調(diào)查[2-3]顯示:OSAHS可造成心臟、腦和腎臟等重要器官的損傷。本研究采用實(shí)時(shí)氧監(jiān)測的反饋信號(hào),以濃度結(jié)合時(shí)間切換的方式,模擬臨床呼吸暫停事件的真實(shí)狀態(tài),研究不同間歇性低氧狀態(tài)對(duì)海馬區(qū)活化狀態(tài)JNK(磷酸化JNK)表達(dá)、神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡和認(rèn)知功能的影響,探討JNK激活在OSAHS后認(rèn)知功能損害中的作用,旨在為臨床早期干預(yù)提供新思路。
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物、試劑及儀器 雄性SD大鼠96只(北京維通利華公司,合格證號(hào):SCXK(京)2002-003),體質(zhì)量310~350 g;多克隆磷酸化JNK抗體和內(nèi)參β-actin購自Cell Signaling公司(美國),TUNEL試劑盒購自中杉生物有限公司(北京);H-7650透射電鏡購自日本日立公司,Morris水迷宮視頻跟蹤分析系統(tǒng)購自中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究院藥物研究所,測氧儀購自建德市梅城電化分析儀器廠,低氧控制程序購自天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院呼吸科;純氮購自天津六方氣體高科技有限公司;低氧艙由天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)研制。
1.2 動(dòng)物分組及模型制備 96只雄性SD大鼠隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和輕、中、重度間歇低氧組,每組24只。分別暴露低氧條件為100、75和50 mL·L-1。每天8:00~16:00將間歇低氧組實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物置于模型艙內(nèi),向艙內(nèi)循環(huán)充入氮?dú)夂涂諝?,每次循環(huán)2 min,連續(xù)給予氮?dú)?0 s,分別維持艙內(nèi)氧濃度最低至100、75和50 m L·L-1,隨后均復(fù)氧至氧濃度為21%。對(duì)照組大鼠給予持續(xù)充入壓縮空氣。實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中以數(shù)字測氧儀監(jiān)測艙內(nèi)氧濃度變化,艙內(nèi)氧濃度維持在各自的氧濃度內(nèi),使其氧濃度波動(dòng)范圍在±0.5%以內(nèi)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束將大鼠取出,送入常規(guī)飼養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)自由飲水與攝食,生活環(huán)境和飼養(yǎng)條件相同。各組大鼠每天進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)8 h,實(shí)驗(yàn)持續(xù)時(shí)間為8周;對(duì)照組大鼠暴露于正常空氣中。分別在實(shí)驗(yàn)第2、4、6和8周進(jìn)行Morris水迷宮測試和所設(shè)指標(biāo)檢測。
1.3 免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測大鼠磷酸化JNK水平每組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)取3只動(dòng)物,以0.4%戊巴比妥鈉麻醉大鼠,開胸暴露心臟,4%多聚甲醛行心臟灌流,斷頭取腦,在視交叉后1和6 mm處冠狀面切開,取中間塊置4%多聚甲醛固定液固定,石蠟包埋,切片(片厚5μm)。切片常規(guī)脫蠟至水,枸櫞酸鹽微波修復(fù),滴加磷酸化JNK抗體(1∶150),濕盒中4℃過夜,IgG抗體-HRP多聚體(PV二步法),置于37℃溫箱30 min,DAB顯色,脫水、透明、封片。以PBS代替一抗作陰性對(duì)照。鏡下觀察并攝片觀察。
1.4 Western blotting法測定大鼠磷酸化JNK水平 每組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)取3只大鼠,致死后迅速取雙側(cè)海馬區(qū)組織,稱質(zhì)量0.6 g,以4℃PBS充分洗滌,加入3倍體積4℃全細(xì)胞裂解液,冰浴中勻漿;4℃、12000 r·min-1離心5 min,取上清貯存于-80℃?zhèn)溆?。考馬斯亮藍(lán)法檢測各樣本的JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平。檢測步驟:40μg蛋白樣品與等體積上樣緩沖液混合,煮沸10 min,100 g·L-1十二烷基硫酸鈉聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE),轉(zhuǎn)膜,封閉液室溫下震蕩2~3 h,加入磷酸化JNK抗體(1∶1500),4℃孵育過夜,TBST洗膜,37℃孵育1 h,TBST洗膜,ECL顯色,以圖像分析儀測定光密度,作定量分析。
1.5 TUNEL法檢測大鼠原位細(xì)胞凋亡 標(biāo)本以多聚甲醛固定,經(jīng)過脫水、透明、浸蠟、包埋和切片,按TUNEL檢測試劑盒說明書操作,DAB顯色,蘇木精復(fù)染。陽性率的定量分析:每個(gè)標(biāo)本取4張切片,每張切片在海馬區(qū)隨機(jī)選取4個(gè)視野,在200倍光鏡下應(yīng)用目鏡網(wǎng)格測試系統(tǒng),計(jì)數(shù)陽性細(xì)胞,取均值。
1.6 大鼠學(xué)習(xí)和記憶功能檢測 Morris水迷宮檢測按照Smith等[4]報(bào)道的方法。每只大鼠晨起訓(xùn)練5次后分別在上午、下午各測試6次,分別記錄各組大鼠逃避潛伏期時(shí)間和撤去平臺(tái)后大鼠穿越原平臺(tái)位置的次數(shù),取檢測記錄的總均值。
1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析 應(yīng)用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。各組大鼠JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平、TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)量、逃避潛伏期和穿臺(tái)次數(shù)以±s表示,多組間比較采用析因設(shè)計(jì)資料的方差分析,組內(nèi)比較采用SNK-q分析。
2.1 各組大鼠磷酸化JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平 免疫組織化學(xué)分析:磷酸化JNK陽性表達(dá)產(chǎn)物主要位于細(xì)胞核,少量表達(dá)在細(xì)胞漿。對(duì)照組大鼠海馬區(qū)只有極少量的陽性細(xì)胞,染色較淡。輕、中、重度間歇性低氧組大鼠海馬區(qū)磷酸化JNK表達(dá)陽性細(xì)胞均呈不同程度增加,陽性細(xì)胞主要分布在海馬易敏感區(qū)CA1區(qū)、其次在CA2、CA3區(qū),齒狀回也有少量分布。重度間歇低氧組大鼠磷酸化JNK陽性反應(yīng)最強(qiáng),染色最深;免疫印跡分析:與對(duì)照組比較,輕、中和重度間歇性低氧組海馬區(qū)磷酸化JNK在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均有不同程度增加(P<0.05);輕、中度間歇性低氧組磷酸化JNK表達(dá)水平在6周時(shí)達(dá)高峰,8周時(shí)表達(dá)水平降低,輕、中度間歇性低氧組內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);但輕、中度間歇性低氧組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;重度間歇低氧組JNK表達(dá)8周達(dá)高峰,組內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與輕、中度間歇低氧組比較,各時(shí)間點(diǎn)磷酸化JNK水平均顯著增多(P<0.05)。見圖1(插頁三)、2和表1。
圖2 各組大鼠海馬區(qū)磷酸化JNK蛋白表達(dá)電泳圖Fig.2 Electrophoretogram of expression levels of phosphorylated JNK protein in hippocampal region of rats in various groups
2.2 各組大鼠海馬區(qū)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡 TUNEL陽性產(chǎn)物主要位于細(xì)胞核。對(duì)照組大鼠海馬區(qū)只有極少數(shù)陽性細(xì)胞,陽性細(xì)胞主要分布在海馬易敏感區(qū)CA1區(qū)、其次在CA2、CA3區(qū),齒狀回也有少量分布。與對(duì)照組比較,輕、中、重間歇性低氧組大鼠海馬區(qū)TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)均不同程度增加(P<0.05);輕、中度間歇性低氧組TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)量6周達(dá)高峰,8周時(shí)減少,輕、中度組組內(nèi)各時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;重度間歇低氧組TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)量8周達(dá)高峰,組內(nèi)各時(shí)間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與輕、中度間歇低氧組比較,重度間歇低氧組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)量均顯著增多(P<0.05)。見圖3(插頁三)和表2。
表1 各組大鼠海馬磷酸化JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平比較Tab.1 Comparison of the expression levels of JNK protein in hippocampus of rats between various groups (n=12,±s)
表1 各組大鼠海馬磷酸化JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平比較Tab.1 Comparison of the expression levels of JNK protein in hippocampus of rats between various groups (n=12,±s)
*P<0.05 vs control group;△P<0.05 vs mild group;#P<0.05 vs moderate group;○P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in mild group;?P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in moderate group;▲P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in severe group.
Group Expression level of JNK protein(t/week)2 4 6 8 Control 0.52±0.15 0.48±0.12 0.64±0.18 0.44±0.18 Intermittent hypoxia Mild 1.96±0.82*○ 2.49±0.96*○ 5.84±1.17*○ 3.58±1.02*Moderate 2.12±0.79*? 2.96±1.01*? 6.10±1.12*? 4.02±1.14*Severe 2.98±1.09*△#▲ 4.68±1.56*△?!?7.86±1.56*△?!?9.78±3.41*△#
表2 各組大鼠海馬TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)量比較Tab.2 Comparison of the TUNEL positive cell number in hippocampus of rats between various groups (n=12,±s)
表2 各組大鼠海馬TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)量比較Tab.2 Comparison of the TUNEL positive cell number in hippocampus of rats between various groups (n=12,±s)
*P<0.05 vs control group;△P<0.05 vs mild group;#P<0.05 vs moderate group;○P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in mild group;?P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in moderate group;▲P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in severe group.
Group Number of TUNEL positive cells(t/week)2 4 6 8 Control 2.40±0.42 2.42±0.38 2.58±0.57 2.74±0.56 Intermittent hypoxia Mild 3.40±0.49*○ 4.39±0.73*○ 9.54±1.36*○ 6.10±0.72*Moderate 3.68±0.43*? 4.82±0.84*? 11.00±1.42*? 6.64±0.69*Severe 6.60±0.69*△?!?9.68±0.79*△?!?15.94±2.92*△?!?19.82±2.61*△#
2.3 各組大鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能評(píng)估 與對(duì)照組比較,輕、中、重間歇性低氧組大鼠逃避潛伏期時(shí)間均延長、穿越原平臺(tái)位置的次數(shù)均減少;輕度和中度組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;與輕、中度組比較,重度間歇性低氧組逃避潛伏期時(shí)間延長、穿越原平臺(tái)位置的次數(shù)減少(P<0.05)。見表3和4。
表3 各組大鼠逃避潛伏期的比較Tab.3 Comparison of escaping latency of rats between various groups (n=20,±s,t/s)
表3 各組大鼠逃避潛伏期的比較Tab.3 Comparison of escaping latency of rats between various groups (n=20,±s,t/s)
*P<0.05 vs control group;△P<0.05 vs mild group;#P<0.05 vs moderate group;○P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in mild group;?P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in moderate group;▲P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in severe group.
Group Escaping latency(t/week)2 4 6 8 Control 25.66±2.97 25.40±3.00 24.96±2.98 25.29±3.07 Intermittent hypoxia Mild 32.76±2.02*○ 38.86±3.18*○ 49.64±4.71*○ 34.65±3.25*Moderate 34.08±2.24*? 40.24±2.96*? 52.36±4.66*? 36.72±3.44*Severe 49.17±8.87*△#▲ 56.47±6.98*△?!?62.15±7.44*△?!?68.42±7.91*△#
表4 各組大鼠穿臺(tái)次數(shù)比較Tab.4 Comparison of frequency of crossing the platform of rats between various groups (n=20,±s)
表4 各組大鼠穿臺(tái)次數(shù)比較Tab.4 Comparison of frequency of crossing the platform of rats between various groups (n=20,±s)
*P<0.05 vs control group;△P<0.05 vs mild group;#P<0.05 vs moderate group;○P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in mild group;?P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in moderate group;▲P<0.05 vs 8 weeks in severe group.
Group Frequency of crossing the platform(t/week)2 4 6 8 Control group 11.57±2.18 10.94±2.40 10.78±1.70 10.65±1.26 Intermittent hypoxia Mild 9.12±1.18*○ 8.94±1.16*○ 6.32±1.12*○ 8.36±1.04*○Moderate 9.02±1.16*? 7.98±1.15*? 6.04±1.00*? 7.62±1.20*?Severe 7.68±1.03*△?!?5.81±1.60*△?!?4.42±1.25*△#▲ 2.87±0.92*△?!?/p>
流行病學(xué)研究顯示:OSAHS患者認(rèn)知功能障礙主要表現(xiàn)為注意、集中、記憶和復(fù)雜問題解決能力等受損;OSAHS不僅是腦血管病的重要危險(xiǎn)因素,同時(shí)OSAHS與阿爾茨海默?。ˋD)發(fā)病有密 切 關(guān) 聯(lián)[5-6], 因 此 有 必 要 深 入 研 究 繼 發(fā) 于OSAHS的神經(jīng)損傷機(jī)制。海馬是腦內(nèi)認(rèn)知形成的重要部位。神經(jīng)影像學(xué)研究證實(shí):OSAHS患者海馬萎縮且海馬的體積與學(xué)習(xí)記憶的改變存在線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系。本研究結(jié)果顯示:低氧時(shí)間越長和低氧程度越重則海馬區(qū)凋亡神經(jīng)細(xì)胞越明顯,同時(shí)水迷宮實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:大鼠搜索安全島潛伏期時(shí)間明顯延長,穿臺(tái)次數(shù)明顯減少,提示間歇低氧造成海馬區(qū)神經(jīng)元丟失是相應(yīng)的腦功能障礙出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。本研究中間歇性低氧3組大鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力檢測指標(biāo)變化趨勢表明:間歇性低氧損害學(xué)習(xí)記憶具有 “高度依賴形式”,與臨床實(shí)際相符,即OSAHS病程越長,低氧程度越重,造成的認(rèn)知功能損害程度越嚴(yán)重。本研究中重度間歇性低氧組和輕、中度間歇性低氧組中凋亡神經(jīng)細(xì)胞變化存在下降趨勢,可能是輕度和中度慢性間歇性低氧誘導(dǎo)了低氧耐受,啟動(dòng)大腦內(nèi)部某些內(nèi)源性保護(hù)機(jī)制,而重度慢性低氧狀態(tài)下,組織難以對(duì)缺氧產(chǎn)生適應(yīng)性調(diào)節(jié),即處于缺氧應(yīng)激狀態(tài),缺氧應(yīng)激持續(xù)過久導(dǎo)致腦內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)信號(hào)持續(xù)處在紊亂狀態(tài),誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡。
MAPKs信號(hào)通路是連接大多數(shù)細(xì)胞外信號(hào)與膜受體、轉(zhuǎn)錄因子和各基因調(diào)節(jié)的中央信號(hào)通路,其家族成員包括細(xì)胞外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)激酶(ERK)、JNK和p38 MAPK等。研究[7]顯示:缺血/低氧、紫外線照射、細(xì)胞因子刺激和高滲透性休克等多種應(yīng)激因素可激活MAPKs信號(hào)。有文獻(xiàn)[8]報(bào)道:活化的JNK信號(hào)在多種疾病的病理進(jìn)程中表現(xiàn)為負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)作用,其可通過誘導(dǎo)炎癥因子和促細(xì)胞凋亡因子的釋放或表達(dá)產(chǎn)生損傷作用。全腦缺血-再灌注損傷模型中,抑制磷酸化JNK的表達(dá),可有效地減輕全腦缺血-再灌注引起海馬區(qū)域的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡。老年癡呆的動(dòng)物模型中,JNK活化與磷酸化Tau蛋白和淀粉樣沉積有關(guān),且JNK激活呈時(shí)間依賴性,并隨粉樣沉積的增加而增加[9]。本研究中隨間歇性低氧時(shí)間的延長,輕、中、重度低氧動(dòng)物海馬區(qū)磷酸化JNK陽性細(xì)胞及其蛋白表達(dá)水平均增高,且重度間歇低氧組變化最為顯著,說明JNK活化參與了間歇性低氧對(duì)神經(jīng)損傷的病理過程。與輕、中度間歇性低氧組比較,重度間歇性低氧組磷酸化JNK表達(dá)水平持續(xù)增高趨勢的原因,可能是不同程度低氧/再復(fù)氧,腦內(nèi)氧化應(yīng)激狀態(tài)不同,腦內(nèi)某些信號(hào)差異激活[10],導(dǎo)致重度間歇性低氧時(shí)JNK信號(hào)過度持續(xù)活化。本研究中磷酸化JNK和TUNEL陽性細(xì)胞在不同程度間歇性低氧組表達(dá)變化趨勢一致,同時(shí)二者分布區(qū)域基本一致,提示間歇性低氧造成的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡與JNK蛋白激活有關(guān)。有研究[11]顯示:JNK活化后從胞質(zhì)中轉(zhuǎn)位入核通過磷酸化激活c-Jun、c-Fos和Elk-1等轉(zhuǎn)錄因子而調(diào)節(jié)下游凋亡相關(guān)靶基因如Fas L、TNF等配體蛋白啟動(dòng)死亡受體途徑的細(xì)胞凋亡;亦可上調(diào)BH3-only蛋白如Bim、Bid的表達(dá)而活化Bax等促凋亡蛋白介導(dǎo)線粒體途徑的細(xì)胞凋亡。在不同程度間歇性低氧狀態(tài)下,JNK蛋白激活介導(dǎo)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡的具體轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,本實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)了不同程度間歇性低氧可引起JNK蛋白激活、神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡,同時(shí)相對(duì)于輕度間歇性低氧,重度間歇性低氧更易于造成JNK過度活化,這在一定程度上揭示了OSAHS患者認(rèn)知功能損害的機(jī)制。JNK蛋白激活參與了不同程度間歇性低氧神經(jīng)損傷的病理機(jī)制,但在不同低氧條件下,JNK介導(dǎo)神經(jīng)損傷的具體機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步研究。
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Expression of phosophorylated JNK in hippocampus of rats with different degrees of intermittent hypoxia and its significance
ZHAO Ya-ning1,WANG Hong-yang2,GUO Xia2,LI Lin2,HAN Xiao-qing2,ZHANG Pan-pan2
(1.College of Rehabilitation,Hebei United University,Tangshan 063000,China;2.Affiliated Hospital,Hebei United University,Tangshan 063000,China)
Objective To investigate the changes of expression levels of posophorylated JNK in hippocampus of rats with different degrees of intermittent hypoxia and to clarify the mechnism of cognitive dysfunction of hypoxia rats.Methods 96 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=24),mild intermittent hypoxia group(n=24),moderate intermittent hypoxia group(n=24)and severe intermittent hypoxia group(n=24).The rats in control group were exposed in air,and the rats in intermittent hypoxia groups were exposed respectively in different intermittent hypoxia conditions(100,75 and 50 m L·L-1,8 h everyday for 8 weeks).The expression levels of phosphorylated JNK proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods;the number of apoptotic cells was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfernase medicated nick end labeling(TUNEL)method;the learning and memory functions were determined by Eight-arm maze.Results Compared with control group,the expression levels of phosphorylated JNK and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in intermittent hypoxia groups were increased obviously in a time-dependant manner(P<0.05);Water maze test showed that the escaping latency was prolonged and the frequency of crossing the platform was decreased in a time-dependant manner in mild,moderate and severe interminttent hypoxia group.Compared with mild,moderate intermittent hypoxia groups,the number of TUNEL positive cells was increased;the expression level of JNK protein was increased and the escaping latency was prolonged and the frequency of crossing the platform was decreased in severe intermittent hypoxia group(P<0.05).The expression levels of phosphorylated JNK and the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells reached peak at 6 weeks and reduced at 8 weeks in mild and moderate intermittent hypoxia groups and there were no significant difference between different time points in two groups(P > 0.05);the expression level of phosphorylated JNK and the number of TUNEL-positive cells reached peak at 8 weeks in severe intermittent hypoxia group and there were significant differences between different time points in sever intermittent hypoxia group(P<0.05).Conclusion Different degrees of intermittent hypoxia can cause cognitive dysfunction and its mechanism may be related to activating JNK in hippocampus of rats and regulating the neuronal apoptosis.
mitogen-activated protein kinases;apoptosis;immunohistochemistry;Western blotting method;rats,SD;intermittent hypoxia
R56
A
1671-587Ⅹ(2012)06-1135-06
2012-05-31
河北省科技廳科研基金資助課題(09276103D-11)
趙雅寧(1974-),女,河北省唐山市人,副教授,在讀醫(yī)學(xué)博士,主要從事呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病診斷及治療研究。
王紅陽(Tel:0315-3726234,E-mail:zyning789@126.com)
吉林大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2012年6期