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酸改性活性炭吸附甲苯的性能研究

2013-04-29 00:31李立清石瑞顧慶偉梁鑫唐琳李海龍馬衛(wèi)武

李立清 石瑞 顧慶偉 梁鑫 唐琳 李海龍 馬衛(wèi)武

摘要:商業(yè)活性炭分別經(jīng)過1 mol/L的硝酸、鹽酸、硫酸處理.采用Boehm滴定、傅式轉(zhuǎn)換紅外光譜儀(FTIR)、比表面積分析儀對活性炭樣品的物化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行測試.以甲苯為吸附質(zhì),在283 K下進(jìn)行了固定床吸附實(shí)驗(yàn).研究討論了改性前后活性炭對甲苯的吸附量影響,計(jì)算了相應(yīng)的動力學(xué)參數(shù)和吸附能.結(jié)果表明:酸改性可以增加活性炭表面酸性官能團(tuán)的總數(shù)量;改變孔徑分布.酸改性活性炭對甲苯的吸附量大小順序?yàn)椋篘AC,SAC,AC,ClAC.準(zhǔn)二階動力學(xué)方程比準(zhǔn)一階動力學(xué)能更好地描述甲苯在改性活性炭上的吸附過程;酸改性增大了微孔占有率,提高了吸附速度;酸改性增大活性炭吸附有機(jī)氣體的吸附能,導(dǎo)致酸改性活性炭與甲苯結(jié)合度降低.

關(guān)鍵詞:改性活性炭;表面基團(tuán);孔結(jié)構(gòu);吸附動力學(xué);吸附能

中圖分類號:O613.71 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A

2.5.3酸改性活性炭孔結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對吸附性能影響

酸改性改變了活性炭的比表面積、總孔容.圖6給出了酸改性活性炭性能參數(shù)與吸附量之間的關(guān)系.

由圖6可知,活性炭的比表面積、總孔容與吸附量并未呈良好的線性關(guān)系,但酸改性活性炭對甲苯的吸附量,隨著活性炭的比表面積、總孔容的增大而增大.這是由于活性炭的比表面積是由微孔比表面積、中孔比表面積、大孔比表面積共同構(gòu)成的.甲苯屬于大分子吸附質(zhì),甲苯的有效吸附比表面積為微孔比表面積和中孔比表面積,占總比表面積比例較大.同理,酸改性活性炭吸附甲苯的有效孔容積也由微孔容積和部分中孔容積共同貢獻(xiàn).

3結(jié)論

1)用酸對活性炭進(jìn)行改性,可以提高活性炭表面的酸性官能團(tuán)數(shù)量,且酸性官能團(tuán)數(shù)量隨著改性酸試劑氧化性的增強(qiáng)而增多.酸對活性炭孔結(jié)構(gòu)具有侵蝕、氧化作用.硝酸的強(qiáng)氧化性導(dǎo)致活性炭孔容增大;硫酸、鹽酸的強(qiáng)酸性導(dǎo)致活性炭孔結(jié)構(gòu)受到侵蝕,孔容變小.酸改性導(dǎo)致活性炭灰分被脫出,疏通了孔道結(jié)構(gòu).

2)酸改性活性炭對甲苯的吸附量大小順序?yàn)椋篘AC,SAC,AC,ClAC,吸附量受到孔結(jié)構(gòu)和表面官能團(tuán)的共同作用.

3)酸改性活性炭的吸附量隨著有效比表面積、有效孔容的增大而增大.

4)準(zhǔn)一階、準(zhǔn)二階動力學(xué)方程都可以描述甲苯在改性活性炭上的吸附過程,但實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對準(zhǔn)二階動力學(xué)方程擬合系數(shù)相對較高,表明酸性官能團(tuán)在活性炭吸附甲苯過程中作用顯著.酸改性增大了微孔占有率,提高了吸附速度.

5)酸改性增大活性炭吸附有機(jī)氣體的吸附能,導(dǎo)致酸改性活性炭與甲苯結(jié)合度降低.

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