陸云德,郭懷宇,劉吉開,王 剛,吳培云*
1安徽中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)藥學(xué)院,現(xiàn)代中藥安徽省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,合肥230031;2中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,昆明650201
薄皮干酪菌(Tyromyces chioneus)屬于多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)干酪屬(Tyromyces)高等真菌,菌蓋直徑1~9 cm,純白色,后變成污白至淡黃色,生于闊葉樹樁上,在我國主要分布于河北、山西、黑龍江、陜西等地[1]。劉東澤從該種真菌發(fā)酵液中分離鑒定了7個(gè)化合物,包括一個(gè)新的cadinane型倍半萜有比較顯著的抗HIV-1活性,其EC50=3.02μg/mL(SI=25.4)[2]。為了進(jìn)一步從薄皮干酪菌中尋找具有生物活性的次生代謝產(chǎn)物,筆者對薄皮干酪菌發(fā)酵液進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的化學(xué)成分研究,從其乙酸乙酯提取物中分離得到13個(gè)已知化合物,經(jīng)波譜解析分別鑒定為:角鯊烯(1)、亞油酸甲酯(2)、棕櫚酸(3)、過氧麥角甾醇(4)、麥角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(5)、麥角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(6)、麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇 (7)、5α,6α-環(huán)氧麥角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(8)、對羥基苯乙醇(9)、1-苯基丙烷-1,2-二醇(10)、5-苯基戊烷-2,3-二醇(11)、5-羥甲基糠醛(12)、(+)-3β-hydroxy-αmuurolene(13)。
熔點(diǎn)由四川大學(xué)科學(xué)儀器廠生產(chǎn)的 XRC-1型顯微熔點(diǎn)儀測定,溫度計(jì)未校正;質(zhì)譜由 VG Auto-Spec-3000質(zhì)譜儀測定;核磁共振由 Bruker AV-400和DRX-500測定,內(nèi)標(biāo)為 TMS;分析型和制備型HPLC為Agilent1100 HPLC,色譜柱為 Agilent Zorbax SB-C18和YMC柱;柱層析硅膠(80~100目和200~300目)以及GF254薄層硅膠板均為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn);反相材料 Lichroprep Rp-18(40~63μm)為Merck公司產(chǎn)品;Sephadex LH-20為瑞典 Amersham Biosciences公司產(chǎn)品;顯色方法為熒光燈下波長254 nm和365 nm處觀察熒光,10% 硫酸乙醇溶液和硫酸香草醛處理后加熱顯色及碘蒸氣顯色。
薄皮干酪菌(Tyromyces chioneus)于2003年7月采自云南哀牢山,由昆明植物研究所紀(jì)大干研究員鑒定,標(biāo)本存于昆明植物研究所標(biāo)本館。
由昆明植物研究所李正輝工程師采用斜面轉(zhuǎn)搖瓶液體培養(yǎng)的方法對該菌種進(jìn)行發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)。培養(yǎng)基:葡萄糖5%,豬肉蛋白胨0.15%,酵母粉0.5%,KH2PO4和 MgSO4各0.05%,160 ~165 rpm,25 ℃搖床發(fā)酵25 d,裝液量為350 mL,發(fā)酵液總量為20 L。
薄皮干酪菌發(fā)酵液(20 L)用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并減壓濃縮得12 g粗提物,經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,以三氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶0→0∶100)梯度洗脫得8個(gè)組分(A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H)。組分 A(三氯甲烷∶甲醇-100∶0)經(jīng)石油醚-乙酸乙酯(100∶0→0∶100)梯度洗脫得到9個(gè)亞組分,其中A3經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,以三氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫得化合物1(3.6 mg),A6經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(50∶1)洗脫再經(jīng)反相 RP-18用甲醇-水(85∶15→0∶100)梯度洗脫得到化合物2(17 mg)。組分D(三氯甲烷∶甲醇-100∶2)經(jīng)反相 RP-18 以甲醇-水(30∶70→0∶100)梯度洗脫得到13個(gè)亞組分,其中 D3經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,以甲醇洗脫得化合物12(11.9 mg),D5經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜以三氯甲烷-丙酮(10∶1)洗脫,再經(jīng)反相-高效液相色譜法(RP-HPLC)制備柱色譜得化合物10(3 mg),D10經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜以石油醚-丙酮(15∶1→1∶1)梯度洗脫得化合物 13(1.9 mg),D11經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜,以三氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫再重結(jié)晶化合物3(4.1 mg),D12經(jīng)重結(jié)晶得到化合物4(6.3 mg),D13經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜以石油醚-丙酮(15∶1→1∶1)梯度洗脫再經(jīng) Sephadex LH-20柱色譜以三氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫得到化合物5(4.9 mg)和化合物6(5.4 mg)。組分E(三氯甲烷∶甲醇-100∶2)經(jīng)反相 RP-18 以甲醇-水(50∶50→0∶100)梯度洗脫得到9個(gè)亞組分,其中E1經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜以甲醇洗脫,再經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜以三氯甲烷-甲醇(15∶1)洗脫得化合物 9(5.2 mg),E2經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜以三氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫再經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜以石油醚-丙酮(8∶1)洗脫得化合物11(4.1 mg)。組分 F(三氯甲烷∶甲醇-100∶4)經(jīng)反相 RP-18 以甲醇-水(30∶70→80∶20)梯度洗脫得到12個(gè)亞組分,其中F9經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜以三氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫再重結(jié)晶得化合物7(3.8 mg),F(xiàn)10經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜以三氯甲烷-丙酮(20∶1→5∶1)梯度洗脫再經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜以三氯甲烷-甲醇(1∶1)洗脫經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜以石油醚-丙酮(6∶1)洗脫得化合物 8(3.6 mg)。
化合物1 角鯊烯,C30H50,無色透明油狀液體;FAB-MS m/z:411.3[M+H]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.08 ~5.15(6H,m,H-3,H-7,H-11,H-14,H-18 and H-22),1.96 ~2.11(20H,m,H-4,H-5,H-8,H-9,H-12,H-13,H-16,H-17,H-20 and H-21),1.68(6H,s,H-1 and H-24),1.60(18H,s,2-CH3,6-CH3,10-CH3,15-CH3,19-CH3and 23-CH3);13CNMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:135.0(s,C-6 and C-19),134.8(s,C-10 and C-15),131.1(s,C-2 and C-23),124.4(d,C-3 and C-22),124.3(d,C-7,C-11,C-14 and C-18),39.7(t,C-5,C-9,C-16 and C-20),28.3(t,C-12 and C-13),26.8(t,C-4,C-8,C-17 and C-21),25.6(q,C-1 and C-24),17.6(q,2-CH3and 23-CH3),16.0(q,6-CH3,10-CH3,15-CH3and 19-CH3)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[3]數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為角鯊烯。
化合物2 亞油酸甲酯,C19H3402,淡黃色油狀物;EI-MS m/z(%):294[M]+(45),263(34),220(2),149(18),109(40),95(77),81(100),74(31),67(88);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.35(4H,m,H-9,H-10,H-12,H-13),3.66(3H,s,-OCH3),2.77(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-11),2.30(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2),2.04(4H,m,H-8 and H-14),1.60(2H,m,H-3),1.25~1.37(m,H-4~H-7 and H-15~ H-17),0.88(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:174.3(s,C-1),130.1(d,C-9),130.0(d,C-10),128.0(d,C-12),127.8(d,C-13),51.4(q,-OCH3),34.0(t,C-2),31.9(t,C-8),31.5(t,C-14),29.7 ~22.5(t,C-3 ~ C-7 and C-15 ~C-17),14.0(q,C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[4]數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為亞油酸甲酯。
化合物3 棕櫚酸,C16H3202,白色無定型粉末;mp160~162℃;Negative FAB-MS m/z(%):255[MH]-;EI-MS(%):256[M]+(89),239[M-OH]+(5),227[M-C2H5]+(19),213(54),199(20),185(30),171(26),157(29),143(15),129(68),115(23),97(27),85(38),73(100),57(75);1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.35(2 H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2),1.63(2 H,m,H-3),1.24(br.s,多個(gè)-CH2-),0.88(3 H,t,J=6.8 Hz,-CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5]數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為棕櫚酸。
化合物4 過氧麥角甾醇,C28H4403,無色針晶;mp 177~178℃;EI-MS m/z(%):428[M]+(10),410(4),396(100),363(35),271(7),255(37),251(14),152(30),107(22),69(63);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6.50(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-7),6.24(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-6),5.22(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-22),5.13(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-23),3.97(1H,m,H-3),0.99(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.90(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-19),0.83(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.82(3H,s,H-18),0.80(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:135.4(d,C-6),135.2(d,C-22),132.3(d,C-23),130.7(d,C-7),82.1(s,C-5),79.4(s,C-8),66.4(d,C-3),56.2(d,C-17),51.6(d,C-14),51.0(d,C-9),44.5(s,C-13),42.7(d,C-24),39.7(d,C-20),39.3(t,C-12),36.9(t,C-4),36.9(s,C-10),34.7(t,C-1),33.0(d,C-25),30.1(t,C-2),28.6(t,C-15),23.4(t,C-11),20.8(q,C-21),20.6(t,C-16),19.9(q,C-27),19.6(q,C-26),18.1(q,C-19),17.5(q,C-28),12.8(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[6]數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為過氧麥角甾醇。
化合物 5 麥角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮,C28H40O,淺黃色晶體;mp 112~114℃ ;EI-MS m/z(%):392[M]+(15),377(3),349(4),268(100),253(30),214(26),173(23),69(47);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6.58(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-7),6.00(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-6),5.70(1H,s,H-4),5.24(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-23),5.18(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-22),1.21 ~2.53(18H,m,甾體母核),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.97(3H,s,H-19),0.93(3H,s,H-18),0.90(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.82(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.78(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:199.3(s,C-3),164.2(s,C-5),156.0(s,C-14),135.0(d,C-22),133.9(d,C-7),132.6(d,C-23),124.5(d,C-6),124.3(s,C-8),123.0(d,C-4),55.8(d,C-17),44.0(d,C-9),44.0(s,C-13),42.9(d,C-24),39.2(d,C-20),36.8(s,C-10),35.7(t,C-15),34.2(t,C-12),34.1(t,C-1),33.1(d,C-25),27.7(t,C-16),25.4(t,C-11),21.2(q,C-21),20.0(q,C-27),19.7(q,C-26),19.0(t,C-2),18.9(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),16.7(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[7]數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為麥角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮。
化合物 6 麥角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇,C28H44O,白色晶體;mp 152~154℃ ;EI-MS m/z(%):396[M]+(55),363(61),337(40),271(17),253(48),211(37),197(28),185(23),171(30),157(55),143(57),131(27),119(30),91(28),81(27),69(100),55(56);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.58(1H,m,H-6),5.38(1H,m,H-7),5.14~5.26(2H,m,H-22 and H-23),3.60(1H,m,H-3),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.95(3H,s,H-19),0.92(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.84(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.82(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26),0.61(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:141.3(s,C-8),139.8(s,C-5),135.6(d,C-22),132.1(d,C-23),119.6(d,C-6),116.4(d,C-7),70.5(d,C-3),55.9(d,C-17),54.6(d,C-14),46.4(d,C-9),42.9(s,C-13),40.8(d,C-24),40.9(t,C-4),40.4(d,C-20),39.2(t,C-12),38.4(t,C-1),37.1(s,C-10),33.1(d,C-25),32.1(t,C-2),28.3(t,C-16),23.0(t,C-15),21.2(t,C-11),21.2(q,C-21),19.9(q,C-26),19.7(q,C-27),17.6(q,C-28),16.3(q,C-19),12.1(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為麥角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇。
化合物 7 麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇,C28H46O3,白色粉末;mp 224~226℃ ;EI-MS m/z(%):430[M]+(35),412(35),394(37),379(65),376(15),269(33),251(62),69(100);1H NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:5.74(1H,br.s,H-7),5.24(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-23),5.16(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-22),4.84(1H,m,H-3),4.32(1H,br.d,J=4.8 Hz,H-6),1.53(3H,s,H-19),1.07(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.94(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.85(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.84(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26),0.67(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:141.6(s,C-8),136.2(d,C-22),132.5(d,C-23),120.4(d,C-7),76.5(s,C-5),74.3(d,C-6),67.6(d,C-3),56.5(d,C-17),55.2(d,C-14),43.9(s,C-13),43.8(d,C-9),43.0(d,C-24),42.0(t,C-4),40.7(d,C-20),40.1(t,C-12),38.1(s,C-10),33.8(t,C-1),33.1(d,C-25),32.6(t,C-2),28.2(t,C-16),23.5(t,C-15),22.4(t,C-11),21.3(q,C-21),20.1(q,C-27),19.9(q,C-26),18.8(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),12.3(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9]數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為麥角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇。
化合物 8 5α,6α-環(huán)氧麥角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇,C28H44O3,無色晶體;EI-MS m/z(%):428[M]+(13),410(60),395(29),392(23),377(86),285(63),284(43),267(100),231(90),213(95);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.16 ~ 5.24(2H,m,H-22 and H-23),4.21(1H,br.d,J=2.5 Hz,H-7β),3.92(1H,m,H-3),3.30(1H,d,J=2.5 Hz,H-6β),1.13(3H,s,H-19),1.01(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-21),0.90(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.83(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-27),0.81(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-26),0.57(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:135.5(d,C-22),134.4(s,C-8),132.0(d,C-23),126.9(s,C-9),68.5(d,C-3),67.0(d,C-7),65.7(s,C-5),62.6(d,C-6),53.6(d,C-17),49.5(d,C-14),42.8(d,C-24),42.0(s,C-13),40.4(d,C-20),39.1(t,C-4),38.0(s,C-10),35.6(t,C-12),33.0(d,C-25),30.8(t,C-1),30.2(t,C-2),29.0(t,C-16),23.8(t,C-15),23.4(t,C-11),22.8(q,C-19),20.9(q,C-21),19.9(q,C-27),19.6(q,C-26),17.6(q,C-28),11.2(q,C-18)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為 5α,6α-環(huán)氧麥角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇。
化合物9 對羥基苯乙醇,C8H10O2,無色結(jié)晶;EI-MS m/z(%):138[M]+(28),107(100),77(14);1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:6.94(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-2 and H-6),6.66(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-3 and H-5),3.61(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-8),2.63(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-7);13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:154.8(s,C-4),129.6(d,C-2 and C-6),129.4(s,C-1),115.0(d,C-3 and C-5),64.2(t,C-8), 37.8(t,C-7)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為對羥基苯乙醇。
化合物 10 1-苯基丙烷-1,2-二醇,C9H12O2,無色油狀物;GC-MS(70 eV):m/z(%)=135[MOH]+(15),108[C7H7O]+(95),45[C2H5O]+(20);1H NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:7.28 ~ 7.35(5H,m,Ph-H),4.34(1H,br.d,J=7.3 Hz,H-1),3.84(1H,m,H-2),2.90(1H,br.s,OH),2.69(1H,br.s,OH),1.04(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-3);13C NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:141.1(s,C-1'),128.5(d × 2,C-3'and C-5'),128.2(d ×2,C-2'and C-6'),126.9(d,C-4'),79.5(d,C-1),72.2(d,C-2),18.8(q,C-3)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為1-苯基丙烷-1,2-二醇。
化合物 11 5-苯基戊烷-2,3-二醇,C11H16O2,無色油狀物;ESI-MS m/z(%):203[M+Na]+(72),181[M+H]+(4),91(11);1H NMR(Acetone,400MHz)δ:7.12 ~7.27(5H,m,Ph-H),3.59(1H,m,H-2),3.41(1H,m,H-3),2.85(1H,m,H-5β),2.64(1H,m,H-5α),1.84(1H,m,H-4β),1.64(1H,m,H-4α),1.11(3H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-1);13C NMR(Acetone,100 MHz)δ:143.8(s,C-1'),129.3(d ×2,C-3'and C-5'),129.1(d × 2,C-2'and C-6'),126.4(d,C-4'),75.30(d,C-3),71.1(d,C-2),35.6(t,C-4),32.9(t,C-5),18.8(q,C-1)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為5-苯基戊烷-2,3-二醇。
化合物12 5-羥甲基糠醛,C6H6O3,黃色油狀物;EI-MS m/z(%):126[M]+(13),125(13),109(100),97(27),81(14),69(6),53(5);1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:9.56(1H,s,2-CHO),7.22(1H,d,J=3.5 Hz,H-3),6.51(1H,d,J=3.5 Hz,H-4),4.71(1H,s,5-CH2OH);13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:177.7(d,CHO),160.7(s,C-5),152.3(s,C-2),122.9(d,C-3),109.9(d,C-4),57.5(t,CH2OH)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14]報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為5-羥甲基糠醛。
化合物 13 (+)-3β-hydroxy-α-muurolene ,C15H24O,無色固體;[α]24D+131(c 1.67 CHCl3);IR(ATR)νmax3408,2956,2927,1714,1671,1367,1222 cm-1;ESI-MS m/z 221[M+H]+;HREI-MS m/z 220.1825;1H NMR(MeOD,300 MHz)δ:5.68(1H,dd,J=1.1 and 4.6 Hz,H-5),5.45(1H,br.s,H-9),3.93(1H,t,J=3.4 Hz,H-3),2.34(1H,m,H-1),2.10(1H,m,H-6),1.98(1H,m,H-11),1.93(1H,m,H-2β),1.88(2H,m,H-8),1.84(3H,br.s,H-14),1.73(3H,br.s,H-15),1.66(1H,m,H-2α),1.47(1H,m,H-7),0.94(3H,d,J=7 Hz,H-12),0.90(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,H-13);13C NMR(MeOD,75 MHz)δ:136.9(s,C-10),136.4(s,C-4),129.1(d,C-5),122.6(d,C-9),68.5(d,C-3),41.0(d,C-7),38.2(d,C-6),35.2(d,C-1),35.1(t,C-2),28.1(d,C-11),25.5(t,C-8),21.7(q,C-12),21.6(q,C-15),21.4(q,C-14),16.3(q,C-13)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15]報(bào)道一致,確定該化合物為(+)-3β-hydroxy-α-muurolene。
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