侯 佳 王 瑩 劉丹如 應(yīng)文靜 孫金嶠 惠曉瑩 王曉川
·論著·
中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶基因突變致先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥2例并文獻(xiàn)復(fù)習(xí)
侯 佳1王 瑩1劉丹如 應(yīng)文靜 孫金嶠 惠曉瑩 王曉川
目的 總結(jié)2例中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶(ELANE)基因突變的先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥患兒的臨床特征、基因診斷及治療方法,提高對(duì)該病的認(rèn)識(shí)。方法 分析2例先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥患兒的臨床表現(xiàn),外周血中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)(ANC)變化,中性粒細(xì)胞呼吸爆發(fā)功能及其體液、細(xì)胞免疫功能,對(duì)ELANE基因5個(gè)外顯子及外顯子相鄰區(qū)域進(jìn)行直接測(cè)序,分析突變位點(diǎn),探討其治療方法。結(jié)果 ①例1生后3個(gè)月反復(fù)肺部感染,例2生后1個(gè)月反復(fù)規(guī)律性口腔黏膜潰瘍。②2例外周血ANC持續(xù)低于1.5×109·L-1,例1最低為0.01×109·L-1,例2最低為0.09×109·L-1,2例均排除感染、自身免疫性疾病及血液系統(tǒng)疾病。免疫功能評(píng)價(jià):2例中性粒細(xì)胞呼吸爆發(fā)功能均正常,IgG升高,細(xì)胞免疫功能正常。③血ELANE基因分析發(fā)現(xiàn):例1存在c.661G>GT(p.G221GX)雜合無義突變,其父母基因檢測(cè)未發(fā)現(xiàn)突變。例2存在c.377C>CT(p.S126SL)雜合錯(cuò)義突變,其胞姐和父母基因檢測(cè)未發(fā)現(xiàn)突變。2個(gè)突變位點(diǎn)均為國內(nèi)首次報(bào)道的已知致病突變,例1和2確診年齡分別為3.25歲和13.5歲。④治療:例2接受同胞造血干細(xì)胞移植成功,術(shù)后ELANE基因檢測(cè)未發(fā)現(xiàn)突變,免疫重建成功;例1接受粒細(xì)胞集落刺激因子治療。目前2例均在隨訪中。結(jié)論ELANE基因是先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥的重要致病基因,造血干細(xì)胞移植是先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥的有效根治手段。
先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥; 免疫缺陷??; 中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶基因; 中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)
例1 女,3歲3個(gè)月。以“反復(fù)咳嗽近3年”為主訴于2013年10月24日入住復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬兒科醫(yī)院(我院)。3月齡時(shí)因“支氣管肺炎”入住外院 ,第1次發(fā)現(xiàn)中性粒細(xì)胞減少,中性粒細(xì)胞絕對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)(ANC) 0.43×109·L-1,抗感染治療后ANC 0.81×109·L-1。6月齡時(shí)因“支氣管肺炎、鵝口瘡”入外院治療, 查ANC 0.14×109·L-1。其后患兒多次因“咳嗽、發(fā)熱”在當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院就診,2~3歲多次查ANC為0.02~0.15×109·L-1, Hb 93~104 g·L-1,予抗感染、粒細(xì)胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)治療,曾口服利血生1個(gè)月。入我院前20 d患兒因“咳嗽3 d伴面色蒼黃”入住當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院,ANC(0.21~0.53)×109·L-1(圖1),予頭孢哌酮/舒巴坦抗感染及G-CSF治療無好轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)入我院。病程中患兒精神可,面色漸蒼黃,無口腔潰瘍和皮疹。
入院查體:發(fā)熱,體溫最高39℃,面色蒼黃,扁桃體Ⅱ°腫大,右下肺呼吸音低,未聞及啰音,HR 124·min-1,心音有力,律齊,未及雜音。腹軟,肝脾肋下未捫及腫大。入院診斷:肺炎,肺膿腫,粒細(xì)胞缺乏癥。
輔助檢查:圖1顯示多次查血常規(guī)ANC,僅1次ANC為 2.29×109·L-1(10月24日)。外周血涂片 :中性粒細(xì)胞0.01、淋巴細(xì)胞0.57、單核細(xì)胞0.35、嗜酸細(xì)胞0.07。ESR 92 mm·h-1,CRP 126 mg·L-1。肝、腎功能正常。血、尿、痰及肺泡灌洗液培養(yǎng)均陰性;呼吸道病毒、支原體、衣原體、EBV、CMV及單純皰疹病毒均陰性;血結(jié)核抗體和T-SPOT試驗(yàn)陰性;真菌葡聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖測(cè)定均正常。自身抗體陰性。免疫功能評(píng)估:中性粒細(xì)胞呼吸爆發(fā)功能:刺激指數(shù)103(參考值>100);免疫球蛋白(3~6歲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)):IgG 61.90 g·L-1(參考值4.95~12.74)、IgA 3.52g·L-1(參考值0.33~1.89)、IgM 2.20 g·L-1(參考值0.65~2.01)、總IgE 46.4 KUA·L-1(參考值<100);CH50 53 U·mL-1(參考值23~46)、C3 1.32 g·L-1(參考值0.67~1.76)、C4 0.22 g·L-1(參考值0.1~0.4);淋巴細(xì)胞亞群:CD3+0.44(絕對(duì)值1 841.16·μL-1)、 CD3+CD8+0.18(絕對(duì)值748.93·μL-1)、CD3+CD4+0.24(絕對(duì)值997.01·μL-1)、CD16+CD56+0.036(絕對(duì)值150.19·μL-1)、CD19+0.52(絕對(duì)值2 189.81·μL-1)。
圖1 例1外周血常規(guī)WBC和ANC動(dòng)態(tài)變化
Fig 1 The trends of peripheral WBC and ANC in case 1
骨髓細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué):骨髓有核細(xì)胞增生活躍,粒紅比0.91∶1。粒系增生減低,部分粒細(xì)胞可見中毒顆粒。紅系增生減低,成熟紅細(xì)胞中央淡染區(qū)增大。淋系、單核細(xì)胞與漿細(xì)胞比例增高。胸部CT:兩肺炎癥伴部分右肺實(shí)變、右下肺膿腫形成(圖2)。纖維支氣管鏡:支氣管炎性改變。
圖2 例1胸部CT平掃所見
Fig 2 The chest CT scan of case 1
Notes The chest CT scan showed pneumonia, partial right pulmonary consolidation and the lower right pulmonary abscess
入院后先后予阿奇霉素、頭孢哌酮/舒巴坦、美羅培南抗感染后體溫正常,肺部情況好轉(zhuǎn),予G-CSF每次5~7.5 μg·kg-1,皮下注射4次,ANC仍在0.46×109·L-1(11月6日)。排除感染、自身免疫性、血液系統(tǒng)疾病造成的粒細(xì)胞減少,診斷為先天性中性粒細(xì)胞減少癥。進(jìn)一步行中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶(ELANE)基因檢測(cè):1條等位基因第5號(hào)外顯子661位堿基G突變?yōu)門,c.661G>GT,導(dǎo)致所編碼的氨基酸在221位由甘氨酸突變?yōu)榻K止密碼,p.G221GX,導(dǎo)致蛋白編碼提前終止,為已知的致病突變(圖3A)?;純焊改窫LANE基因檢測(cè)未發(fā)現(xiàn)突變(圖3B、C)。目前患兒每周隨訪血常規(guī),ANC 0.12~0.70×109·L-1(圖1)。
圖3 例1及其父母ELANE基因檢測(cè)
Fig 3ELANEgene mutation detection in case 1 and her family
Notes c.661G>GT(p.G221GX) mutation was found in patient (A). No mutation was found in her father (B) and mother (C)
例2 女,13歲6個(gè)月。因“反復(fù)口腔潰瘍、發(fā)熱12年”主訴于2012年12月24日入我院?;純合礕2P2,足月順產(chǎn),出生體重3.5 kg,無窒息搶救史。生后1月齡因發(fā)熱查血常規(guī)發(fā)現(xiàn)中性粒細(xì)胞減少,每20~30 d出現(xiàn)1次口腔潰瘍伴體溫39~40℃,4~5 d后愈合,不伴咳嗽,使用退熱藥和抗生素治療癥狀好轉(zhuǎn)。5歲時(shí)曾患“病毒性腦炎”,9歲時(shí)因左側(cè)頸部化膿性淋巴結(jié)炎手術(shù)。入我院前2個(gè)月,出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱就診于當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院,診斷“肺炎”,血常規(guī):WBC 2.8×109·L-1,ANC 0.17×109·L-1,CRP 192.5 mg·L-1,予哌拉西林/舒巴坦、頭孢曲松治療后體溫正常,肺炎好轉(zhuǎn),多次血常規(guī)均顯示W(wǎng)BC和ANC降低(圖4),轉(zhuǎn)至我院。
患兒父母、姐姐(19歲)身體健康。家族中無類似病史。
入院查體:神志清楚,左側(cè)頸部可捫及1.0 cm×1.0 cm淋巴結(jié),無觸痛,無粘連??谇簧嗖孔髠?cè)和咽峽部各見一處潰瘍。心肺查體未見異常,肝脾未捫及腫大。以粒細(xì)胞缺乏癥、口腔潰瘍收入院。
輔助檢查:血常規(guī)WBC 1.7×109·L-1,ANC 0.09×109·L-1,CRP<8 mg·L-1,ESR 77 mm·h-1。肝腎功能正常。病原學(xué):血培養(yǎng)陰性,EBV、CMV陰性,PPD試驗(yàn)陰性。自身抗體陰性。免疫功能評(píng)價(jià):中性粒細(xì)胞呼吸爆發(fā)功能:刺激指數(shù)134;免疫球蛋白(12~14歲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)):IgG 24.96 g·L-1(參考值6.98~14.26)、IgA 3.19 g·L-1(0.92~2.50)、IgM 3.60 g·L-1(參考值0.56~2.16)、總IgE 26 KUA·mL-1(參考值<100),C3 1.32 g·L-1,C4 0.31g·L-1,CH50 56 U·mL-1;淋巴細(xì)胞亞群:CD3+0.75(絕對(duì)值766.22·μL-1),CD3+CD8+0.36(絕對(duì)值365.94·μL-1),CD3+CD4+0.35(絕對(duì)值357.82·μL-1),CD16+CD56+0.082(絕對(duì)值83.89·μL-1),CD19+0.16(絕對(duì)值165.48·μL-1)。骨髓細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)檢查:骨髓增生活躍,粒細(xì)胞缺乏。
圖4 例2外周血常規(guī)WBC和ANC動(dòng)態(tài)變化
Fig 4 The trends of peripheral WBC and ANC in case 2
患兒反復(fù)口腔潰瘍伴有慢性嚴(yán)重ANC減少,排除感染、自身免疫性疾病及血液系統(tǒng)疾病。ELANE基因檢測(cè):1條等位基因第4號(hào)外顯子377位堿基C突變?yōu)門, c.377C>CT,導(dǎo)致所編碼的氨基酸在126位由絲氨酸突變?yōu)榱涟彼? p.S126SL, 編碼區(qū)域點(diǎn)突變(錯(cuò)義突變),為已知的致病突變(圖5A)。診斷為先天性中性粒細(xì)胞減少癥。先后給予2劑IVIG 400 mg·kg-1輸注, 2013年1月4日出院時(shí)ANC 0.76×109·L-1(圖4)。
患兒父母ELANE基因檢測(cè)未發(fā)現(xiàn)突變(圖5B,C)?;純航憬鉋LANE基因檢測(cè)正常(圖5D),且與其HLA配型高分辨10/10相合,2013年6月21日外院行同胞全相合造血干細(xì)胞移植(HSCT)。移植后+10 d血小板植活,+15 d白細(xì)胞植活,+40 d骨髓穿刺檢查骨髓均為供者來源。移植術(shù)2個(gè)月檢測(cè)患兒ELANE基因(圖5E):未檢測(cè)到基因突變,第377位堿基為正常序列C,造血干細(xì)胞移植后免疫重建成功。但患兒移植術(shù)后發(fā)生CMV感染、腦膜腦炎,目前仍在隨訪中。
圖5 例2患兒移植前后及其家庭成員ELANE基因檢測(cè)
Fig 5ELANEgene mutation detection in case 2 family
Notes c.377C>CT(p.S126SL) mutation was found in patient (A,reverse sequence). No mutation was found in patient's mother (B,reverse sequence) , father (C) and sister (D). The patient presented with normal ELANE gene after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(E,reverse sequence)
先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥的特征為基因缺陷造成慢性粒細(xì)胞減少,伴有或不伴有免疫或造血系統(tǒng)外異常。外周血ANC隨年齡而異,國內(nèi)外關(guān)于粒細(xì)胞減少癥有明確的定義[1]:新生兒ANC<2.5×109·L-1、~12個(gè)月嬰兒ANC<2×109·L-1、>1歲ANC<1.5×109·L-1。中性粒細(xì)胞減少持續(xù)超過3個(gè)月則為慢性粒細(xì)胞減少癥。自20世紀(jì)90年代早期開始,尤其最近10年,陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥的數(shù)種分子基礎(chǔ)和致病基因,從而對(duì)該疾病有更深入的認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。
先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥罕見,相關(guān)流行病學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)十分有限。伊朗報(bào)道其患病率為0.77/100萬[2],法國的一項(xiàng)人群研究報(bào)道其患病率約6.2/100萬[3],兩者差異較大,且都不包括特發(fā)性粒細(xì)胞減少者。2003年一項(xiàng)納入美國、加拿大、澳大利亞及歐洲(不包括法國)近7億人群的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)其患病率為0.7/100萬,如包括特發(fā)性粒細(xì)胞減少者,則患病率約1/100萬[4]。國內(nèi)至今僅有1例ELANE基因確診的先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥病例報(bào)道[5],尚無患病率的數(shù)據(jù),臨床上對(duì)該病的認(rèn)識(shí)亦十分有限。
先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥可根據(jù)ANC水平不同,分為輕度(ANC 0.5~1.5 ×109·L-1)和重度(ANC <0.5×109·L-1)。先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥的臨床特征為感染。感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與循環(huán)中性粒細(xì)胞數(shù)量成反比,當(dāng)ANC>1.0×109·L-1,感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小; ANC<0.2×109·L-1時(shí),感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極大[6]。感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)亦與粒細(xì)胞減少持續(xù)時(shí)間有關(guān),持續(xù)數(shù)周后真菌感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。感染的部位多變,以皮膚黏膜、耳、鼻、喉及肺部最為常見。本文報(bào)道的2例患兒表現(xiàn)典型,例1累及呼吸道,反復(fù)肺部感染,例2為反復(fù)口腔黏膜潰瘍??谇患膊缀跻娪谒?2歲粒細(xì)胞減少癥患兒,表現(xiàn)為侵蝕性、出血性和疼痛性牙齦炎,伴有舌部、頰黏膜潰瘍[7]。有時(shí)可出現(xiàn)廣泛胃腸道病變,導(dǎo)致腹痛和腹瀉,影像學(xué)類似克羅恩病,與細(xì)菌性腸炎相關(guān)。粒細(xì)胞減少癥患兒感染癥狀可以不典型,僅局部炎癥,無膿,無壞死傾向;重者發(fā)生致命性化膿性細(xì)菌感染。病原方面,以細(xì)菌感染最常見,包括:金黃色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、鏈球菌、腸球菌、肺炎球菌,綠膿假單胞菌等其他革蘭陰性桿菌;其次為真菌感染,主要為念珠菌和曲霉菌。
病史回顧和體格檢查可以揭示粒細(xì)胞減少的病因,需鑒別病毒感染、惡性血液病、醫(yī)源性因素,或自身免疫性疾病。在不緊急情況下,觀察數(shù)周以確定粒細(xì)胞減少是持續(xù)性還是周期性。理想的確診粒細(xì)胞減少癥需每周行3次血常規(guī)檢查,持續(xù)6周。有必要行骨髓檢查除外惡性血液病,評(píng)估骨髓細(xì)胞成熟,檢測(cè)確切病因。早幼粒細(xì)胞階段粒細(xì)胞成熟障礙常常伴有骨髓嗜酸粒細(xì)胞增多和單核細(xì)胞增多。骨髓形態(tài)學(xué)上,不同病因沒有獨(dú)特的表現(xiàn)。本文2例患兒均排除上述繼發(fā)性因素,需考慮基因缺陷導(dǎo)致的先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥。
先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥包括2種亞型,嚴(yán)重持續(xù)性先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥和周期性粒細(xì)胞減少癥,2種亞型可被視為同種疾病譜的一部分。嚴(yán)重持續(xù)性先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥ANC常<0.2×109·L-1,單核細(xì)胞增多,嗜酸細(xì)胞增多,高丙種球蛋白血癥,有時(shí)伴有炎癥性貧血,在早幼粒細(xì)胞階段粒細(xì)胞成熟障礙,常在6月齡前診斷。周期性中性粒細(xì)胞減少癥的外周血ANC呈現(xiàn)周期性波動(dòng),平均21 d為一個(gè)周期[8],一般癥狀較輕,通常于2歲以后診斷,主要臨床表現(xiàn)為反復(fù)急性口腔疾病,如口瘡和口腔潰瘍。骨髓表現(xiàn)有時(shí)完全正常。本文報(bào)道的2例患兒ANC數(shù)量持續(xù)重度減少,無周期性變化,盡管粒細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,但中性粒細(xì)胞呼吸爆發(fā)功能正常,刺激指數(shù)均>100。外周血單核細(xì)胞增多,IgG升高,T細(xì)胞、B細(xì)胞和NK細(xì)胞均正常,符合ELANE基因突變所致嚴(yán)重先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥的特點(diǎn)。本文2例患兒起病早,分別在生后3和1月齡即發(fā)現(xiàn)粒細(xì)胞減少,但確診年齡分別為3歲3個(gè)月和11歲6個(gè)月,較國外文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道晚,分析原因是該病罕見,臨床醫(yī)生對(duì)該病的認(rèn)識(shí)不足,缺乏診斷經(jīng)驗(yàn)和條件。
先天性中性粒細(xì)胞減少癥是一種罕見的原發(fā)性免疫缺陷病,為單基因遺傳,X連鎖或常染色體隱性或顯性遺傳。ELANE基因突變是已知的先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥最常見的病因,呈常染色體顯性遺傳或散發(fā),見于50%~60%的患者[9~11],在周期性粒細(xì)胞減少癥患者的家系和嚴(yán)重持續(xù)性先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥患者中都發(fā)現(xiàn)ELANE基因突變[12, 13]。ELANE基因突變的先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥沒有造血系統(tǒng)外病變,適應(yīng)性免疫正常。ELANE基因位于染色體19p13.31,由5個(gè)外顯子組成,編碼218個(gè)氨基酸的中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶。該酶是一種髓系細(xì)胞特異性絲氨酸蛋白酶,在中性粒細(xì)胞分化的早幼粒階段產(chǎn)生,存在于成熟中性粒細(xì)胞的初級(jí)顆粒中,可降解多種細(xì)菌蛋白,在先天免疫防御中發(fā)揮重要作用。迄今已報(bào)道70多種ELANE基因突變類型(http://rapid.rcai.riken,jp/RAPID),尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)基因型與表型間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,同一突變類型可見于周期性或嚴(yán)重持續(xù)性先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥的患者。但研究報(bào)道ELANE基因Gly185Arg突變患者往往臨床癥狀非常嚴(yán)重,需要大劑量G-CSF治療,轉(zhuǎn)換成白血病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特別高[9, 14]。2013年國內(nèi)報(bào)道1例ELANE基因c.164G>A突變[5],本文報(bào)道2例ELANE基因突變分別位于第5號(hào)外顯子c.661G>GT的無義突變和位于第4號(hào)外顯子c.377C>CT的錯(cuò)義突變。2例均為國內(nèi)首次報(bào)道的已知致病突變。ELANE基因突變導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的蛋白折疊,繼而引發(fā)“未折疊蛋白反應(yīng)”,增加分子伴侶、 內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的降解和促凋亡基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄,可能是導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡的病理機(jī)制[15, 16]。
HSCT可永久性糾治粒細(xì)胞減少,也是接受G-CSF治療后持續(xù)嚴(yán)重感染患者的唯一選擇。先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥患者HSCT的指征包括:對(duì)G-CSF無反應(yīng)(>50 μg·kg-1·d-1)或發(fā)生骨髓增生異常/白血病。ELANE基因Gly185Arg突變的患者也應(yīng)進(jìn)行HSCT。對(duì)無惡變的患者,移植后效果理想,無病生存率達(dá)75%,而發(fā)生骨髓增生異?;虬籽〉幕颊咭浦埠鬅o病生存率分別為57%和27%[19]。本文例2接受同胞HSCT,移植手術(shù)后免疫重建成功,目前仍在隨訪中。
先天性粒細(xì)胞減少癥雖然罕見,但隨著對(duì)其臨床特征、致病基因和治療手段的不斷認(rèn)識(shí),盡早明確診斷、預(yù)防和控制感染、檢測(cè)G-CSF治療相關(guān)的惡變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及采用HSCT治療方法對(duì)改善患者的預(yù)后將起重要作用。
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(本文編輯:丁俊杰)
Two Chinese cases of congenital neutropenia caused by ELANE gene mutations and literature review
HOU Jia1,WANG Ying1,LIU Dan-ru,YING Wen-jing,SUN Jin-qiao,HUI Xiao-ying,WANG Xiao-chuan
(1 Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; 1 Equal contribution)
WANG Xiao-chuan,E-mail:xchwang@shmu.edu.cn
ObjectiveTo identifyELANEgene mutations in 2 Chinese cases with congenital neutropenia and to better understand the clinical characters, diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease.MethodsClinical data of the two cases with congenital neutropenia were collected, including clinical manifestations, trends of the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and immunological function. All 5 exons and flanking regions ofELANEgene were sequenced for the two cases and their families.ResultsTwo cases were diagnosed as neutropenia at the age of 3 months and 1 month respectively, characterized with recurrent infections, including recurrent pneumonia in one case and oral mucosa ulcer in the other. Two cases presented with persistent neutropenia with the ANC less than 1.5×109·L-1, the lowest ANC reached 0.01×109·L-1for case 1 and 0.09×109·L-1for case 2, respectively. Screening of blood serum and bone marrow was performed to exclude pathogenic infection, autoimmune disease and hematological malignancies. The respiratory burst of neutrophils and cellular immune function of both cases were normal, except for the elevated serum IgG level. Case 1 had c.661G>GT(p.G221GX)heterozygous nonsense mutation inELANEgene, case 2 had c.377C>CT(p.S126SL)heterozygous missense mutation. No mutation was found in their family members. Case 2
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and presented with normalELANEgene afterwards, case 1 was treated with G-CSF, both were followed up. ConclusionELANEgene is the critical pathogenic gene for congenital neutropenia. HSCT is the effective radical treatment for this rare disease.
Congenital neutropenia; Immunodeficiency;ELANEgene; Absolute neutrophil count
國家自然科學(xué)基金:81172877,81373221
復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬兒科醫(yī)院臨床免疫科 上海,201102;1 共同第一作者
王曉川,E-mail:xchwang@shmu.edu.cn
10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2014.03.003
2014-03-17
2014-05-02)