□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

重慶市市長國際經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問團(tuán)年會自2006年創(chuàng)辦以來，已成功舉辦了8屆，是重慶與世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)友好交往的高端平臺，是我市對外開放的重要名片。9月21日，舉辦了第9屆年會，本次年會主題為“智慧城市與大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代”。

今年，世界500強(qiáng)高層云集，匯集智慧聚焦發(fā)展。市長國際經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問團(tuán)現(xiàn)有顧問32位、咨詢顧問6位，共計(jì)38位。今年新聘任惠普公司全球副總裁毛渝南作為顧問。29家顧問公司來渝出席第9屆年會，其中，由市長國際經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問本人出席的有18位，福特、BP、怡和、利寶等11家公司委派代表出席，6位咨詢顧問有5位本人出席。

智慧城市與大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代

智慧城市是城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展與新一代信息技術(shù)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，是當(dāng)今世界城市發(fā)展的新目標(biāo)和新模式。智慧城市必然帶來數(shù)據(jù)的爆發(fā)式增長，大數(shù)據(jù)將為智慧城市建設(shè)提供參考。

市長黃奇帆在此次年會上做了專題演講。他說，在中國步入發(fā)展“新常態(tài)”的背景下，“智慧城市”的建設(shè)，將助推城市的國際化步伐，促進(jìn)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，并深刻影響和變革人們的生產(chǎn)生活方式，讓城市發(fā)展更科學(xué)、管理更高效、社會更和諧、生活更美好?；谶@樣的認(rèn)識，重慶重點(diǎn)圍繞大數(shù)據(jù)處理與內(nèi)陸開放、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級、城市管理和惠民服務(wù)等深度融合，開展了“智慧城市”建設(shè)的積極探索。重慶將統(tǒng)籌制定建設(shè)規(guī)劃，堅(jiān)持以人為本，突出綠色、低碳、便捷、高效，研究制定“智慧城市”的各種行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為“智慧城市”建設(shè)掃除障礙。目前，重慶正構(gòu)建政務(wù)共享、信息惠民、信用體系、社會治理四大公共應(yīng)用平臺，連接“信息孤島”，實(shí)現(xiàn)資源共享。建立健全與信息化相關(guān)的各種制度規(guī)則和法規(guī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)共享、行業(yè)管理獨(dú)立、信息安全可控，并培育與此相關(guān)的社會文化。

本屆年會執(zhí)行主席、澳新銀行首席執(zhí)行官邵銘高在致辭中說，在數(shù)字時(shí)代，我們需要城市為居民提供一個(gè)友善、舒適的環(huán)境，能夠成為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的城市。很重要的方面就是推進(jìn)“智慧城市”建設(shè)，讓城市變得越來越智能化。這樣的“智慧城市”將為包括重慶在內(nèi)的各個(gè)城市，在解決交通堵塞、人口膨脹，以及工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化過程遇到的各種問題提供有效解決辦法。推進(jìn)“智慧城市”建設(shè)與發(fā)展大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)是相輔相成的。正是看到這一點(diǎn)，重慶市政府努力發(fā)展大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)，推進(jìn)“智慧城市”建設(shè)。各位顧問都有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，希望大家發(fā)表真知灼見來幫助重慶建設(shè)“智慧城市”，讓更多的人能夠享受大數(shù)據(jù)帶來的好處。

其實(shí)，重慶較早地開展了智慧城市的探索，2013年8月市政府發(fā)布了《重慶市大數(shù)據(jù)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》，重慶也因此成為國內(nèi)第一個(gè)出臺大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展完整路徑圖的省級行政區(qū)。據(jù)悉，到2017年，我市將形成500億元大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模,成為國內(nèi)重要的大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。在住建部公布的193個(gè)智慧城市試點(diǎn)名單中，重慶江北、南岸、永川及兩江新區(qū)名列其中。

“洋顧問”獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策

年會上，來自世界各地的“洋顧問”們紛紛為重慶發(fā)展獻(xiàn)計(jì)獻(xiàn)策。

浦項(xiàng)制鐵集團(tuán)顧問鄭俊陽：將大數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果運(yùn)用到?jīng)Q策中

大數(shù)據(jù)是一種創(chuàng)新的工具，要用好這個(gè)工具，需要收集分析數(shù)據(jù)的能力。最后的分析結(jié)果，能夠作為商業(yè)的洞察力為企業(yè)所用，政府決策也是如此。

有一個(gè)很好的例子，鋼鐵企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)新產(chǎn)品時(shí)，通常會事先分析大量的數(shù)據(jù),再進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),否則在生產(chǎn)過程中可能出現(xiàn)次品,造成浪費(fèi)。把這種概念轉(zhuǎn)換一下,就可用于政府決策。

總之，政府要認(rèn)識到數(shù)據(jù)的重要性，營造以數(shù)據(jù)為導(dǎo)向的決策，建立由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)負(fù)責(zé)的團(tuán)隊(duì)，對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行持續(xù)挖掘、分析、利用和積累，確保對新項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行持續(xù)挖掘，對現(xiàn)有項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行改善。

馬士基執(zhí)行副總裁費(fèi)逸凡：大數(shù)據(jù)可以讓物流更加智慧

當(dāng)前重慶的城市規(guī)模和密度正在不斷增加，物流和運(yùn)輸方面的挑戰(zhàn)也應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，所幸新技術(shù)為解決這些問題帶來了機(jī)會。物流企業(yè)可以收集和分析大量數(shù)據(jù)，來解決這些難題。

重慶和很多大城市一樣，都存在運(yùn)輸成本的問題，需要進(jìn)一步提升運(yùn)輸效率。如果重慶能夠降低卡車空駛率的話，會極大地降低污染，極大緩解城市擁堵。在發(fā)達(dá)國家的一些城市，不同的物流運(yùn)營商之間，會通過數(shù)據(jù)來整合運(yùn)力，這個(gè)過程就屬于大數(shù)據(jù)范疇。

東京海上董事長隅修三：學(xué)會運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)來降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

“智慧城市”能夠給人們帶來方便和舒適的生活，也會出現(xiàn)新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)，則可以幫助人們降低各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

以汽車自動(dòng)駕駛為例，自動(dòng)駕駛依靠各種傳感設(shè)備、攝像頭、人工智能來進(jìn)行自動(dòng)行駛，如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，交通事故發(fā)生幾率會大幅減少。但如果傳感設(shè)備、攝像頭、人工智能的其中一環(huán)發(fā)生故障，就可能導(dǎo)致意外發(fā)生，如同人們使用的智能手機(jī)有時(shí)會突然死機(jī)。這就要運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)的采集和分析，將此類事故的發(fā)生幾率控制到最低。

怡和集團(tuán)行政副總裁艾特·凱瑟克：用大數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)重慶城鎮(zhèn)化

人們常說，重慶是中國的縮影，是一個(gè)正在飛速追趕沿海發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的特大都市。重慶在向城市化邁進(jìn)的過程中，自然會遭遇需要新技術(shù)來解決的種種難題。我認(rèn)為大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)將有機(jī)會解決這些難題。

世界著名的工科大學(xué)蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院曾構(gòu)建了一個(gè)龐大的模型，模擬瑞士的交通環(huán)境。模型中每個(gè)單一主體就像真人一樣，可以了解并適應(yīng)不斷變化的交通狀況，比如交通堵塞。當(dāng)然，瑞士人口只有重慶人口的四分之一，重慶若建立這樣的交通模型就要大得多，而且只能用來模擬城市環(huán)境的一個(gè)方面。

不過這個(gè)例子已足以說明，通過大數(shù)據(jù)來構(gòu)建城市一體化模型的可行性，重慶只需將覆蓋城市生活眾多領(lǐng)域的子模型集合起來，就能用大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)服務(wù)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程。

索德尚公司總裁張如凌：大數(shù)據(jù)能讓金融產(chǎn)品和客戶“一拍即合”

為了在競爭中取勝，金融企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品如何能在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)與最合適的客戶“一拍即合”？這就需要借助大數(shù)據(jù)的力量。

有了大數(shù)據(jù)，就能了解網(wǎng)民在網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索金融投資方面的內(nèi)容時(shí)，用的關(guān)鍵詞、訪問的網(wǎng)站、參加的討論等。通過對這些數(shù)據(jù)的收集和分析，可以準(zhǔn)確界定某個(gè)金融產(chǎn)品的受眾模式，找到切合客戶需求的一些產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。當(dāng)然，這個(gè)過程中，政府需要出臺相關(guān)的規(guī)章制度，確保個(gè)人信息和公司信息的安全，讓他們的隱私得到保障。

此外，對于中小企業(yè)和小微企業(yè)的信貸評級，大數(shù)據(jù)也能幫忙。比如生產(chǎn)、流通、銷售過程中產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)，可以讓我們獲得對一家公司信用狀況的客觀分析，從而對其進(jìn)行信用評級。

五十鈴株式會社社長細(xì)井行：傳感器收集路況 擁堵危險(xiǎn)全掌握

在交通領(lǐng)域，大數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用的方面很多。

我們可以在馬路邊安裝傳感器，主要用來收集實(shí)時(shí)的道路信息。如駕駛數(shù)據(jù)，傳到數(shù)據(jù)庫分析后，可以得出急剎車頻發(fā)點(diǎn)的位置；通過各個(gè)路段的油耗數(shù)據(jù)分析，可以得出路面損耗和凹凸的情況，有助于道路的改造和維護(hù)。

在國外，危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸車輛都帶有監(jiān)控功能。例如新加坡規(guī)定，對所有危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸車輛進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，當(dāng)車輛脫離預(yù)定路線時(shí)，工作人員能通過遠(yuǎn)程操作停止車上的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，降低事故和恐怖活動(dòng)的危險(xiǎn)。

匯豐銀行集團(tuán)常務(wù)總監(jiān)王冬勝：大數(shù)據(jù)的安全與保密不可忽視

“智慧城市”是建立在海量數(shù)據(jù)和信息服務(wù)基礎(chǔ)上的，因此，大數(shù)據(jù)的安全與保密不可忽視。

目前大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)在國內(nèi)還屬于起步階段，缺少一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和人才，沒有完善的相應(yīng)法律法規(guī)和監(jiān)管措施。重慶既然要建設(shè)“智慧城市”，就免不了要探索大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展路徑，只有有效利用高校、科研院所資源，鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)進(jìn)入相關(guān)領(lǐng)域，政府提供相應(yīng)政策、資金扶持，并制定相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)章制度，才能確保大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)良性發(fā)展。

太平洋電信首席執(zhí)行官卡爾·格里夫納：運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)和云計(jì)算技術(shù)發(fā)展電子商務(wù)

作為中國西部成長最快的地區(qū)，重慶應(yīng)該運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)和云計(jì)算技術(shù)發(fā)展電子商務(wù)，吸引更多商機(jī)。

我們生活的方方面面正受到大數(shù)據(jù)的影響。20年前，提到大數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候，很多人都在質(zhì)疑這個(gè)概念，但實(shí)踐不斷證明大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)的可行性。目前已有70%的公司支持大數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用到商業(yè)活動(dòng)中，大數(shù)據(jù)已成為企業(yè)優(yōu)化運(yùn)營的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。

如何運(yùn)用高端科技，讓大數(shù)據(jù)真正發(fā)揮作用，是各方必須認(rèn)真思考的問題。雖然重慶已經(jīng)擁有大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,還必須形成自己的軟實(shí)力。他建議重慶在人力資源、專業(yè)資源、市場政策等終端服務(wù)上深下功夫，不斷培養(yǎng)自己的核心競爭力。重慶今后能夠出現(xiàn)更多像阿里巴巴、騰訊這樣的大企業(yè)。

重慶布局30年大數(shù)據(jù)增長路徑

“從世界貿(mào)易發(fā)展的軌跡看，近百年來，以實(shí)物商品為主；近三十年，以各類跨國跨地區(qū)的服務(wù)貿(mào)易為主；可以預(yù)見，在未來的二三十年，大數(shù)據(jù)信息進(jìn)出口將成為世界貿(mào)易的主要標(biāo)的物?！秉S奇帆說，國際間進(jìn)出口輸入輸出的最大價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品其實(shí)是各種各樣的“計(jì)算”，信息資源的財(cái)富特征將在這個(gè)再開發(fā)、再利用過程中得到充分顯現(xiàn)。

黃奇帆表示，重慶最近幾年按照這四個(gè)層次來布局計(jì)算能力，重慶先后推出“云端計(jì)劃”和“大數(shù)據(jù)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”，最終要形成千億級的“云”和萬億級的“端”產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模，以及到2020年形成一個(gè)100萬個(gè)服務(wù)器規(guī)模的數(shù)據(jù)中心。預(yù)計(jì)到2017年，重慶的各種數(shù)據(jù)外包服務(wù)可形成500億元產(chǎn)值。

重慶正在推進(jìn)的跨境電子商務(wù)、離岸金融結(jié)算、國際大通道物流等新型服務(wù)貿(mào)易，也在很大程度上得益于大數(shù)據(jù)和云計(jì)算的支撐。比如，重慶作為國家跨境貿(mào)易電子商務(wù)服務(wù)和外匯支付“雙試點(diǎn)”城市，正在全方位開展跨境電子商務(wù)，力爭三四年后達(dá)到上百億美元。

Launched in 2006, the Annual Meeting of Chongqing Mayor’s International Economic Advisory Council has become a high-level platform for friendship between Chongqing and Fortune 500 companies as well as a business card for Chongqing’s opening-up. The latest 9th meeting was held on September 21 this year, centering on the theme of “smart cities and the big data era”.

This year’s meeting was a gathering of senior executives from Fortune 500 companies, who pooled their wisdom for development. Chongqing Mayor’s International Economic Advisory Council had 32 advisors and 6 consultants. HP’s Global Vice President Mao Yu’nan was newly hired as an advisor this year. Of the 29 member companies present at this year’s meeting, 18 were represented by the advisors themselves, and 11 including Ford, BP, Jardine Matheson, and Liberty, sent delegates to participate on behalf of the advisors. Of the 6 consultants, 5 attended the meeting in person.

Smart cities and the big data era

Smart cities are the result of combining sustainable urban development and a new generation of information technology. They represent the new target and model for today’s urban development. Smart cities will inevitably lead to explosive increases of data, and big data will provide reference for the building of smart cities.

Mayor Huang Qifan delivered a keynote speech at the meeting. He said, as “new norms” take root in China, the building of smart cities will facilitate urban internationalization, argue for changes to the development model and further economic restructuring. Smart cities will profoundly inf l uence and transform the way people live and work, and they will make urban development more scientif i c, urban management more eff i cient, society more harmonious, and life better. This recognition is the basis for Chongqing’s efforts to explore how to build smart cities by integrating big data with inland opening-up, industrial upgrades, urban management, and public services. Chongqing will make a well-balanced, people-centric building plan that emphasizes green, low carbon, agile, and efficient concepts. We will work to formulate industry standards to pave the way for smart cities. Chongqing is now setting up four public application platforms for government transparency, useful public information, credit rating, and social governance respectively. These platforms are intended as bridges that connect information islands so that information can be shared adequately. We will formulate and improve laws and regulations for informatization to create a situation where basic data is shared, industry management is independent, and information safety is under control. This process will be accompanied by the fostering of a social culture that serves our goal.

Michael Smith, CEO of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited and Executive Chairperson of this year's meeting said in his speech that, in the digital era, we need cities to provide residents with a friendly and cozy environment, and we need cities to be sustainable. It is important for us to build smart cities and make them ever smarter. We will see a whole bunch of such smart cities around, including in Chongqing. They are effective solutions to traffic congestion, overpopulation, and all kinds of problems we encounter in industrialization and urbanization. The building of smart cities and the development of the big data industry complement each other. This is the reason why the Chongqing government is pressing ahead with its smart city ambition. All advisors and consultants have rich experiences. I hope you share your insights to help Chongqing to become smart and enable more people to benef i t from big data.

Actually, Chongqing was one of the smart city pioneers. In August 2013, the Chongqing government released the Chongqing Big Data Action Plan, making Chongqing the f i rst provincial-level administrative region to prepare a complete roadmap for big data development. By 2017, Chongqing will have a big data industry worth RMB 50 billion, which makes it one of China's key bases for big data. Chongqing's Jiangbei, Nan'an, Yongchuan, and Liangjiang New Area are on the list of the 193 places for smart city trials announced by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.

Foreign advisors offer suggestions

At this year's annual meeting, foreign advisors from around the world made a load of suggestions on Chongqing's development.

Chung Joon Yang, consultant with Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.:Apply the results of big data analysis to decision-making

Big data is an innovative tool we can make the most of only with the capabilities of collecting and analyzing data. The results of analysis can provide insights for businesses and help governments with decision-making.

When iron and steel companies develop new products, they generally analyze huge amounts of data before launching production, because otherwise they may end up with defective products, which are a waste of resources. There is a good comparison to be drawn between this process and decisionmaking by governments.

In a nutshell, governments need to appreciate the importance of big data, establish a work style where decision-making is based on data, and set up teams headed by government off i cials. Governments need to remain committed to mining, analyzing, utilizing, and accumulating data. Continuous work should be done to obtain data from new programs and improve data from existing ones.

Kim Fejfer, Executive Vice President of Maersk:Big data makes logistics more intelligent.

As Chongqing keeps growing in scale and density, it has to face up to logistical and transportation challenges. Fortunately, new technology promises solutions. Logistics companies can collect and analyze massive quantities of data to f i gure out a way out.

Like many other metropolises, Chongqing is beset by high transportation costs and in need of higher transportation efficiency. If Chongqing succeeds in lowering the unloaded rate of trucks, pollution will be significantly reduced, and traffic congestion noticeably alleviated. In some cities of the developed world, logistics carriers integrate their capacity through data, providing an actual application of big data.

Shuzo Sumi, President of Tokio Marine:Mitigate risks with big data.

Smart cities bring new risks as well as a convenient and cozy life. Big data is also what we use to mitigate risks of varying nature.

Take autopilot cars as an example, which rely on a variety of sensory devices and cameras plus artif i cial intelligence, if properly used, they make traff i c accidents much less probable. However, once any link, be it a sensory device, a camera, or the artif i cial intelligence system goes through malfunctions, an accident is highly likely. It is just like a crashed smart phone. This is where big data comes in. By collecting and analyzing big data, we are well-equipped to minimize the probability of such accidents.

Adam Keswick, Deputy Managing Director of Jardine Matheson:Get big data to serve Chongqing's urbanization.

Chongqing, often described as a miniature of China, is a megacity racing to catch up with China's developed coastal areas. In its urbanization, Chongqing is bound to encounter all kinds of tough issues that need to be resolved with new technology. I think big data presents opportunities to f i nd solutions.

ETH Zurich, a world-renowned engineering university, built a gigantic model to simulate Switzerland's traffic environment. Each individual in the model is like a real person, capable of understanding and adapting to changing traffic conditions, for example, when the traffic becomes congested. Of course, Switzerland has only 25% as many people as Chongqing does. Such a model for Chongqing would be way larger, and it ref l ects only one dimension of the urban environment.

But Switzerland's case suffices to prove the feasibility of using big data to construct an all-in-one model, which is a combination of models for various aspects of urban life. This is something Chongqing can easily do, and it will prove a boon for urbanization.

Zhang Ruling, CEO of Sodef i nance:Big data brings products to the right clients.

Amid fierce competition, how can financial products reach clients they are most suitable for in the shortest possible time? The answer is big data.

Big data makes it possible to know what keywords netizens use, what websites they visit, and what discussions they participate in when they search online for information about f i nancial investments. By collecting and analyzing such data, we can pinpoint the target client groups for a financial product and provide more products and services that cater for their needs. The government needs to back up this process with laws and regulations that address privacy concerns for individual and corporate information.

Big data also has a role to play in credit rating for small, medium-sized, and micro-sized companies. For example, a company's data generated in production, distribution, and sales can be used for objective analysis that helps determine the credit rating for the company.

Susumu Hosoi, President of Isuzu Motors Limited:Use sensors to collect road condition data and stay updated about jams and dangers

Big data has a lot of uses when it comes to traff i c.

We can install sensors on the roadside to collect real-time data about road conditions. Driving data, after being sent to a database for analysis, can tell where drivers frequently brake sharply. Data about fuel consumption on different road sections can tell how worn or bumpy road surface is so that repair and maintenance can be more targeted.

In many other countries, vehicles carrying dangerous materials are monitored. One example is Singapore, where a staff member can stop the engine of a vehicle carrying such materials when the vehicle is detected to deviate from the planned route, thereby controlling risks of accidents and terrorist attacks.

Peter Wong, General Manager of HSBC Group:The safety and conf i dentiality of big data are not to be ignored.

Smart cities are built upon vast amounts of data and information services. We cannot afford to ignore the safety and conf i dentiality of big data.

The big data industry is still f l edging in China, lacking laws and regulations as well as technologies and brains. If Chongqing is to build smart cities, it has to figure out a workable way to develop the big data industry. To make this industry to thrive in Chongqing, there are several things to be done: draw on the resources of higher-education and research institutes; encourage companies to enter relevant fields, with policy and financial support from the government; and formulate standards and regulations for this industry.

Carl Grivner, CEO of Pacnet:Use big data and cloud computing to boost e-commerce

As the fastest-growing region in West China, Chongqing should use big data and cloud computing to boost e-commerce and create more business opportunities.

Big data is having an impact on every aspect of our life. Two decades ago, a mere mention of big data would incur widespread doubt. But practice has been proving its feasibility. 70% of companies are favorably disposed to the idea of applying big data to business, and big data has turned into a driving force for companies to optimize their operation.

A question everyone should think about carefully is how to fulfil the real potential of big data with high tech. For all infrastructures at its disposal for the development of the big data industry, Chongqing has yet to form its soft power. He suggested that Chongqing dig deep into the likes of human resources, specialty resources, and market policies. This is how Chongqing can keep honing its core competence so large companies like Alibaba and Tencent will originate here.

Chongqing has a path for big data growth for 30 years

"When we look at the history of world trade, we can see the past nearly 100 years were dominated by physical commodities and the past 30 years were dominated by international and interregional service trade. The next 20 or 30 years will predictably be dominated by the import and export of big data." Huang Qifan said that that the most valuable products imported and exported are actually calculations in different forms. The value of information resources as wealth is fully revealed in this process of redevelopment and reutilization.

According to him, Chongqing has deployed its computing capacity at four levels in recent years. It f i rst launched the Cloud Initiative and the Big Data Action Plan. The ultimate goal is to increase the industry scale to cloud equipment worth hundreds of billions of Chinese yuan and terminals worth trillions of Chinese yuan. By 2020, Chongqing will have a data center that is comprised of one million servers. Data outsourcing in Chongqing is expected to amount to RMB 50 billion by 2017.

New trade services Chongqing is vigorously developing, including cross-border e-commerce, offshore f i nancial settlement, and international wide-corridor logistics, depend on big data and cloud computing to a large extent. Chongqing is a trial city for both cross-border e-commerce and foreign-currency payment. It is carrying out cross-border e-commerce on all fronts, hoping for a volume of over USD 10 billion three or four years from now.